Akwai jihohi 55 da manyan birane 37 a Afirka. Wadannan sun hada da Alkahira, Luanda da Lagos.
Wannan nahiyar, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin na 2 mafi girma a duniya, yana cikin yankin wurare masu zafi, saboda haka an yi imanin cewa ita ce mafi tsananin zafi a doron ƙasa. Yawan jama'ar Afirka, kusan mutane biliyan 1, suna zaune a cikin dazuzzuka masu zafi da yankuna hamada.
A cikin jihohi, ba wai kawai kare muhalli ba ne ya ci gaba gaba daya ba, har ma da bincike da gabatar da sabbin hanyoyin kimiyya, da rage fitar da hayaki mara kyau a cikin yanayi, da rage fitarwa a cikin tsarin najasa, kawar da ragowar sinadarai masu cutarwa.
Matsalolin muhalli ba sa faruwa ta hanyar yin amfani da albarkatun ƙasa yadda ya kamata, wato ta hanyar amfani da su ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba, yawan cunkoson jihohi, ƙarancin kuɗaɗen yawan jama'a da rashin aikin yi, kasancewar yanayin na ƙasa yana taɓarɓarewa.
Duniya da takamaiman matsaloli
Da farko dai, akwai nau'ikan matsaloli 2 - na duniya da takamaiman. Nau'in farko ya hada da gurbatar yanayi tare da shara mai hadari, kera abubuwa a muhalli, da sauransu.
Nau'i na biyu ya hada da matsalolin halayen masu zuwa:
- tarihin mulkin mallaka
- wurin da nahiyar take a cikin yankuna masu zafi da kuma yanki (yawan jama'a ba za su iya amfani da hanyoyi da hanyoyin karfafa ma'aunin muhalli da aka riga aka sani a duniya ba)
- tabbatacce kuma biya mai kyau don albarkatu
- jinkirin ci gaban ayyukan kimiyya da fasaha
- ƙarancin ƙwarewar jama'a
- kara haihuwa, wanda ke haifar da rashin tsafta
- talaucin jama'a.
Barazana ga muhalli na Afirka
Baya ga matsalolin da aka ambata a Afirka, masana suna ba da kulawa ta musamman ga wadannan barazanar
- Gandun dazuzzuka na gandun daji masu zafi na zama barazana ga Afirka. Turawan yamma suna zuwa wannan nahiya don samun katako mai inganci, don haka yankin gandun daji mai zafi ya ragu sosai. Idan kuka ci gaba da sare bishiyoyi, za a bar jama'ar Afirka ba tare da mai.
- Hamada na faruwa a wannan nahiya sakamakon sare dazuzzuka da ayyukan noma marasa tunani.
- Matsalar ƙarancin ƙasa a Afirka saboda ƙwarewar ayyukan noma da amfani da ƙwayoyi.
- Fauna da flora na Afirka suna cikin babbar barazana, saboda raguwar mahalli. Yawancin nau'in dabbobin da ba safai ba suna dab da halaka.
- Amfani da ruwa mara kyau a lokacin ban ruwa, rashin rarraba yadda yakamata akan shafin da ƙari mai yawa yana haifar da ƙarancin ruwa a wannan nahiya.
- Pollara yawan gurɓatar iska saboda masana'antun da suka ci gaba da kuma yawan hayaƙi da ake fitarwa a cikin sararin samaniya, da kuma rashin tsarin tsabtace iska.
