Kamfanin kwal yana daya daga cikin manyan bangarorin tattalin arzikin kasashe da yawa na duniya. Ana amfani da gawayi a matsayin mai, don ƙera kayayyakin gini, a cikin magunguna da masana'antar sinadarai. Cire shi, sarrafa shi da amfani da shi yana haifar da gurɓatar muhalli.
Matsalar hakar kwal
Yawancin matsalolin muhalli suna farawa koda lokacin hakar albarkatun ma'adinai. An haƙa shi a cikin ma'adinai, kuma waɗannan abubuwa suna da fashewa, tunda akwai yiwuwar ƙone ƙone. Hakanan, yayin aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, yadudduka ƙasa suna daidaita, akwai haɗarin rushewa, zaizayar ƙasa na faruwa. Don kauce wa wannan, dole ne a cika ɓoyayyun abubuwa daga inda aka tono gawayin da wasu kayan da duwatsu. A yayin aikin hakar kwal, yanayin shimfidar wuri ya canza, murfin ƙasa yana damuwa. Kadan ne matsalar lalata ciyayi, domin kafin aiwatar da hakar burbushin, ya zama dole a tsabtace yankin.
Ruwa da gurbatacciyar iska
Lokacin da ake hakar kwal, ana iya samun hayakin methane, wanda ke gurbata yanayi. Particlesananan toka da mahaɗan masu guba, abubuwa masu ƙarfi da gas suna shiga cikin iska. Hakanan, gurbatar yanayi yana faruwa yayin ƙona burbushin halittu.
Yin haƙar kwal yana ba da gudummawa ga gurɓatar da albarkatun ruwa a yankin da wurin ajiyar yake. Ana samun abubuwa masu guba, daskoki da acid a cikin ruwan ƙasa, koguna da tabkuna. Sun canza abubuwan da ke cikin ruwan, wanda ya sanya basu dace da sha, wanka da amfanin gida ba. Saboda gurbatar wuraren ruwa, ciyawar kogin da dabbobin daji suna mutuwa, kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke dab da gushewa.
Sakamakon gurbataccen yanayi
Sakamakon masana'antar kwal ba gurɓataccen yanayi ne kawai ba, har ma da mummunan tasiri ga mutane. Ga wasu 'yan misalai na wannan tasirin:
- raguwar tsawon rayuwar mutanen da ke zaune a wuraren hakar kwal;
- karuwa a cikin yanayin mummunan yanayi da cututtukan cututtuka;
- karuwa a cikin cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki da na oncological.
Masana'antar kwal tana bunkasa a kasashe daban-daban na duniya, amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan mutane suna ƙara sauya sheka zuwa wasu hanyoyin samun makamashi, tunda cutarwar hakar da amfani da wannan ma'adinan tana da girma. Don rage haɗarin gurɓatar muhalli, ya zama dole a inganta hanyoyin samar da wannan masana'antar tare da amfani da fasahohi masu aminci.
