Boletus namomin kaza suna da kyau a zahiri. Waɗannan namomin kaza masu daɗin ƙanshi, masu daɗi da daɗaɗawa ana tattara su a cikin kwando kusa da yadda ake shuka birch, hornbeams da poplar. Naman kaza Boletus suna girma a cikin ƙauyuka masu laima da gefuna. Mutane daga nesa suna lura da kwalliyar namomin kaza, waɗanda ke duban su daga ƙarƙashin ganye da ciyawar.
Birch mai launin ruwan kasa yana da ƙungiya ta mycorrhizal tare da birches, kamar yadda sunan naman kaza ya bayyana. Ana samunta a Turai, Himalayas, Asiya da sauran yankuna na Arewacin Hemisphere. Wasu ƙananan ƙananan sun zaɓi itacen pine ko gandun daji na beech, gefen gefen dausayi.
Birch mai launin ruwan kasa nau'in Turai ne. Amma an gabatar da shi tare da birch masu ado waɗanda aka dasa a waje da kewayon halittarsu, misali, a California, New Zealand da Australia.
Bayani
Da farko, hular tana da tsaka-tsakin tarihi, diamitarsa yakai 5-15 cm .Bayan lokaci, sai ya daidaita. Murfin murfin launin ruwan kasa ne mai haske-mai-toka-toka-ruwan toka mai launin toka-toka-ruwan toka, daga baya ya rasa inuwar sa, ya zama launin ruwan kasa, mai santsi, ba tare da lint ba, ya bushe kuma ya zama siriri a cikin yanayin danshi.
A cikin samfuran samari, pores suna da fari, daga baya sun zama launin toka. A cikin tsofaffin boletus birch pores, pores din da ke kan kumburin ya fita, a kusa da kafa ana matse su da karfi. Ana iya cire rufin pore daga murfin naman kaza.
Jigon siririya ne kuma mai taɓewa zuwa sama, tsawon 5-15 cm kuma faɗi 1-3.5 cm, an rufe shi da sikeli. Suna da fari, duhu ne har zuwa baƙi. Babban mycelium fari ne. Naman ya zama fari, daga baya launin toka-fari, yana riƙe da launi lokacin da ya karye.
A cikin samfuran samari, naman jikin naman gwari yana da dan kaɗan, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya zama mai daskarewa, sako-sako kuma yana riƙe ruwa, musamman a yanayi mai danshi. Ya zama baki bayan girki.
Ta yaya masana girke-girke ke shirya birch
An yi gishiri ko ɗanɗano a cikin ruwan tsami. Hakanan ana amfani dasu a cikin jita-jita masu naman kaza, soyayyen ko dafa. Yawanci, masu karɓar naman kaza suna karɓar birch a cikin Finland da Rasha. A Arewacin Amurka (New England da Rockies), yi amfani da taka tsantsan.
Iri boletus na abinci
Bolatus fadama
Hat
An kawata jikin 'ya'yan itacen da kwalliyar kwalliya har zuwa 10 cm a diamita tare da kunkuntar tsiri na "nama" wanda ke kewaye da gefen. Sau da yawa tsarkakakke farare, musamman a jikin jikin 'ya'yan itace masu girma, wasu lokuttan sukan sami launin ruwan kasa, toka, ruwan hoda, yayi duhu kuma ya zama kore da shekaru.
Da farko an rufe farfajiya da kyawawan gashi, amma daga baya ya zama mai santsi, tare da mannewa mai ɗaci da shekaru ko ƙarƙashin yanayin damshi. Thean ɓangaren litattafan almara fari ne kuma ba shi da ƙamshi ko dandanonsa.
Akwai ƙaramin tasirin launi lokacin da aka karye. A ƙasan gefen akwai shimfidar ƙasa mai ɗauke da pores a cikin adadin 2 zuwa 3 a kowace mm. Pore tubes har zuwa zurfin 2.5 cm. Launi mai launi daga fari zuwa launin toka, launin ruwan kasa mai datti.
Kafa
Fuskar farfajiyar kara ta zube da kananan sikeli masu sihiri wadanda suke duhunta da tsufa. Tsawon kafa ya kasance santimita 8-14, faɗin kuma ya zama cm 1-2. Kasan kafar sau da yawa yana da launin shuɗi.
Kwarewa
An dauki naman kaza a matsayin mai ci, kodayake ra'ayoyi sun banbanta game da yadda ake son cin abincin. An girbe kafin naman ya zama mai ruɓewa kuma arthropods sun sa ƙwayayensu. Naman kaza mai taushi ne, da ɗan ɗanɗano a ɗanɗano, yana ƙarfafawa bayan ɗan gajeren girki. Rashin ruwa yana inganta ciwon baki amma yana rage zaki.
Kasuwanci na gama gari
Kara
Fari ko jan kafa mai haske daga 7 zuwa 20 cm, tsallaka cm 2-3. Mizanin launin ruwan kasa masu duhu sun rufe duka farfajiyar, amma an lura da kyau a ƙasa. Samfurori marasa balaga sun tsaya akan ƙafafun masu kamannin ganga. A cikin samfuran da suka balaga, masu tushe sun fi na yau da kullun a diamita, suna ɗan taɓarwa zuwa ga koli.
Hat
Hulun din suna nuna launuka daban-daban na launin ruwan kasa, wani lokaci tare da launin ja ko launin toka (akwai kuma fararen huluna), 5 zuwa 15 cm tsallaka lokacin da aka faɗaɗa gaba ɗaya, galibi mara kyau, gefuna suna da ƙarfi. Farkon yana da kyau-grained (yana jin kamar karammiski), amma santsi tare da tsufa.
Pulunƙara mara tushe
Jiki fari ne ko ɗan hoda kaɗan lokacin yanke ko karyewa, amma ba ya canza launin shuɗi - mai amfani don ganewa. Naman kaza yana da daɗin ƙamshi da ɗanɗano, amma ba a bayyana su sosai.
Boletus mai tsauri
Kafa
Girman 8-20 × 2-4 cm, tabbatacce, siriri, subcylindrical, mai ƙarfi, yana ƙaruwa a tsakiya kuma yana raguwa a gindi da ƙoli. Launi ya kasance fari-fari, mai shuɗi-kore kusa da ƙasa. Da farko, an kawata su da sikeli masu launin toka, amma ba da daɗewa ba suna canza launi zuwa launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka-baƙi. Squananan squamules na tsawon lokaci suna yin duhu da haƙarƙari a saman karayar.
Hat
Grey-beige, launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, da wuya kodadde, sau da yawa ocher, 6-18 cm a ƙetaren. Hular wani yanki ne na farko, to yana da ma'amala-mai faɗi, madaidaiciya a matakan yanayin rayuwa. Yankakken santsi, mai laushi irin na yanke jiki a yanayin bushewa.
Karamin, daskararren nama a samfuran samari, mai laushi a cikin samfuran balagagge, fibrous a cikin tushe. Whitish a giciye-sashe da sauri ya zama kodadde ruwan hoda, to, baƙi-m-toka. A gindin kafa, launuka masu launin shuɗi-kore sun bayyana a cikin sashin. Theanshin ba shi da mahimmanci, tare da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano.
Cirewa da guba
Anyi la'akari da kyau bayan dafa abinci, ban da kara, wanda aka jefar saboda hatsi da fata.
Boletus mai launuka iri-iri
Yana da halayyar hange mai hazo 5-15 cm ko'ina idan aka fadada shi gaba ɗaya. Ya bayyana a cikin dazuzzukan da ke karkashin bishiyoyin bishiyoyi ko kuma a cikin dausayi mai laima, jere a launi daga kusan fari zuwa matsakaiciyar launin ruwan kasa har ma da baƙar fata.
An yi ado da hat ɗin tare da sifofin radial iri-iri / launuka masu haske daga launuka masu haske / ratsi. Textureaƙƙarfan ya kasance mai ƙyalli ko ƙarancin ƙanshi a cikin samari namomin kaza. Yana laushi tare da tsufa. Naman fari ya zama ruwan hoda a ƙarƙashin yanke lokacin da ya karye ko ya yanke. Kusa da tushe na itace, naman da aka yanke ya zama kore da shuɗi.
Kara
Fari ko mulufi mai haske, tsayinsa daga 7-15 cm, 2-3 cm a faɗin, taɓewa zuwa ga koli. Samfurori marasa cikakke tare da mai tushe mai kama da ganga; mafi yawan yau da kullun a cikin diamita a lokacin balaga, amma ɗan taƙaitawa zuwa koli. Sikeli akan tushe shine baƙar fata ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Dandanon bishiyar bishiyar mai launuka iri-iri shine naman kaza, ba tare da bayyana ƙamshi ba.
Pink boletus
Hat
Tare da diamita daga 3-20 cm, bushe da santsi ko dan kadan m, jiki da karfi. Samfurori na samari suna cikin sifa-rabi-rabi. Tare da shekaru, yana ɗaukar bayyanar matashin kai, gefuna ba su da kyau, sun yi kaɗan. A cikin yanayi mai danshi, hular ta ɗan siriri zuwa taɓawa.
Kara
Siffar ta silinda ce. Angaren litattafan almara yana da yawa, fari. Kafa yana da tsayi 15-20 cm, diamita zuwa 1-4 cm, an dan yi kauri kusa da kasa. Fuskar waje, launin toka ko ruwan kasa tare da sifofin halayyar ma'aunin baƙi ko launin ruwan kasa.
Ɓangaren litattafan almara
Bayan ruwan sama ya huce, ya fadi kasa. Launi mai launin rawaya ne, fari ko launin toka, da sauri yana ɗaukar danshi. Karkashin danniyar inji, launi ya kasance.
Grey boletus
Hat
Ba shi da kyau, ya yi birgima, har zuwa 14 cm a fadin, inuwa daga zaitun launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin toka-toka. A cikin samfuran da basu balaga ba, siffar hemisphere, a cikin cikakkun namomin kaza yayi kama da matashin kai. Theangaren litattafan almara mai laushi ne, ya rasa taushi da shekaru. Yanke ruwan hoda ne, sannan launin toka da baƙi. Smellanshi mai daɗi da ɗanɗano ya rage.
Kara
Cylindrical, akan farfajiyar ma'aunin, 5-13 cm a tsayi, har zuwa 4 cm a diamita, launin toka, ɗan ƙasa kaɗan a ƙasa.
Black boletus
Hat
5-15 cm a fadin, gefunan suna obtuse. Farfalon santsi ne, tsirara ne, ba rigar ba, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko baƙi, a cikin samfuran samari na kusurwar jini, sa'annan yayi rubutu, sa'annan ya zama shimfida-kwance.
Kafa
Mai siffar ganga, tsawon 5 - 5 cm, a diamita 2-3. Ya dan yi kauri a gindi, launin toka ko toka-toka, an rufe shi da ƙananan sikeli masu baƙar fata. Naman murfin yana da daɗin ɗanɗano da ƙamshi, na jiki. Ya rasa taushi tare da shekaru.
Karya bishiyar bishiyoyi
Mutuwar mutuwa
Mafarauta don girbin naman kaza ba tare da gogewa ba sun tattara toadstool mai guba a ƙarƙashin aspen, birch, beech (da boletus), suna rikita shi da raƙuman ruwa. Amma wannan naman kaza mai guba ba shi da magani.
Hular dajin toadstool na matasa ya kai 10 cm a faɗi, mai faɗi, ya daidaita da shekaru, yana haske. Farfajiyar tana da haske, wani lokacin takan zama kore ko zaitun. Akwai takamaiman cuff ƙarƙashin hat. Siririn siriri ba tare da ma'auni ba, an faɗaɗa shi a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren kuma yana cikin wani nau'in kwantena.
Pulangaren litattafan almara na nuna ƙanshi mai ƙanshi mai ƙanshi, mai rauni, fari, mai daɗi. Ana rarrabe shi da sanyin halittar ruwa a ƙasan ɓangaren hula. Farar faranti masu fadi suna bayyane a ƙasa. Ta wannan, toadstool bai yi kama da birch naman kaza ba.
Gall naman kaza
Mutane ba sa cin sa, naman gwari yana da ɗanɗano da zafi. Mai guba a yanayin, a waje yayi kama da boletus mai launin ruwan hoda.
Hat
Siffar zuriya mai walƙiya ba ta wuce tsayi a santimita 15. Fuskar tana da launin ruwan kasa ko kirjin haske.
Kara
Akwai samfurin raga mai duhu kusa da hular da ke ƙafa; a tsakiya an yi ta kauri
Lokacin da aka karye, sai danshi mai danshi ya zama ruwan hoda, fiye da naman kaza na karya da yake kwaikwayon ruwan hoda. Ba tare da la'akari da tasirin ba, tubes na naman gwari na ƙarya ba ya rasa launin ruwan hoda mai haske. Bambancin shine cewa nau'in abincin da ake ci yana da laushi mai laushi na tubules kuma ya zama ruwan hoda a hutu.
Kwayar cututtukan aika bishiyoyin Birch na ƙarya
Lokacin da mutane suka ci kodadde, ba su jin komai har sai dafin ya shiga cikin kwakwalwar da gabobin jikinsu. Mutum ya yi amai a wani wuri cikin awanni 12, yana fama da gudawa, jiki ya zama bushewa. Sannan akwai gajeriyar gafara na kwanaki 2-3. A rana ta 3-5, hanta da koda sun kasa. Idan an ci abinci da yawa, to yanayin buguwa ya fi sauri da sauri.
Kusan ba zai yiwu ba a sami guba ta gasa ta gall. Tasteanɗano mai ɗanɗano ya juya har ma da matuƙar gwaji. Kuma naman kaza guda daya, lokacin dafa abinci, zai bata kwandon bishiyar bishiyoyi masu ruwan kasa, mai dafa abincin ya watsar da kwanon bayan ya dandana shi. Hoto na asibiti iri ɗaya ne da na kowane guba, amma ba tare da sakamako mai mutuwa ba.
Inda kuma yaushe za a girbe bishiyoyin bishiyoyi masu ruwan kasa
Namomin kaza sun zabi dazuzzuka na yankewa a wani yanki mai yanayi mai kyau kuma sun zabi sarari na mycelium kusa da birch, wanda ake kirkirar mycorrhiza.
Mushroomsananan namomin kaza suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi akan bugun jini. Suna zaɓar wuraren buɗewa don haɓaka akan gefunan gandun daji, sarari da kan hanyoyi. Haushin birch baya son ƙasa mai asidi mai ƙanshi kusa da boat, ya zaɓi ƙasa a cikin ƙananan gandun daji tare da tsaka tsaki ko lemun tsami a ƙasa. Mutane suna dibar namomin kaza daga Mayu har zuwa lokacin sanyi na kaka da sanyi na farko. Ofaya daga cikin raƙuman raƙuman ruwa, marsh boletus, ya sauka a kan tsutsa a kusa da fadama.
Familiesananan iyalai ko ɗayan lokaci ɗaya suna girma da launuka masu launuka iri-iri. Hannunsu daban-daban suna jan hankalin masu karɓar naman kaza daga ƙarshen Yuni zuwa farkon Oktoba. An yanka namomin kaza a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi. Myceliums suna samun gindin zama a cikin gandun daji masu laushi da duhu, amma a cikin sararin buɗe ido ƙarƙashin hasken rana.
Wani nau'in da ba safai ake samu ba - ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda ya zauna a kan tsarikan bishiyoyi tare da kan iyakokin gungumomi kusa da birch da gandun daji da aka haɗu, inda mycorrhiza tare da siffofin birch. Namomin kaza suna ɗebo duk inda ake da bishiyoyin Birch, har zuwa tundra daga ƙarshen Yuli zuwa ƙarshen Satumba.
Grey boletus, ƙaho ne kuma wanda ke ba da wadataccen girbi a gefuna da farin ciki tsakanin:
- poplar da birch;
- hazel;
- kaho da kudan zuma.
Girbi:
- lokacin da rowan ya yi fure;
- a cikin Yuli bayan yin wasan kwaikwayo;
- daga karshen watan Agusta zuwa Oktoba.
Harsh boletus (ba safai ba) masu karɓar naman kaza wani lokaci ana samunsu a cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire kusa da farin poplar da aspens. Naman gwari ya fi son farar ƙasa, inda ta keɓe ita kaɗai ko kuma a cikin ƙananan iyalai. Girbi girbi mai ƙaranci daga ƙarshen Yuni zuwa tsakiyar kaka.
A cikin yankuna masu laima tsakanin birch, a cikin bishiyoyin bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi, a gefen faduwa da tsakanin fadama daga tsakiyar lokacin rani zuwa kaka na zinariya, mutane suna tattara baletus na baƙi.
Wanene aka hana a cikin bishiyoyin Birch?
Kamar kowane irin kayan da aka tara daga ɗabi'a, mata masu ciki, yara da tsofaffi su yi hankali da bishiyoyin Birch. Wannan abincin yana da wahala a kan hanyoyin hanji, yana jinkirin narkewa kuma yana da wadataccen sunadarai wadanda ke da alaƙa da yawa a cikin cutar hanta da koda.
Masu lafiya suna cin naman kaza masu ruwan kasa a dai-dai kuma basa fuskantar rashin jin daɗi.
