An rarrabe namomin kaza Boletus da madaidaicin siriri. Kuna iya tunanin cewa wannan yanayin bai dace da girki ba, amma a zahiri ana cin su akai-akai. Mutanen da suke hidimar wannan naman kaza mai ci akan tebur dole ne su cire saman murfin. Ana yin wannan don dalilai biyu: yanayin layin mucous ba kawai mara daɗi bane, amma kuma yana ƙunshe da gubobi waɗanda ke haifar da rikicewar hanji.
Bayani
Sunan kimiyya na boletus - Suillus ya fito ne daga Latin suna sus, ma'anar alade. Saboda haka, Suillus na nufin "naman alade" kuma yana nufin murfin mai, wanda ya saba da nau'ikan boletus.
An rarrabe namomin kaza Boletus da sauran namomin kaza ta:
- iyakoki madaidaiciya;
- radially ko kuma bazuwar pores;
- kasancewar wani murfin juzu'i tsakanin hula da kafa;
- glandan gwal;
- mazauni a tsakanin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.
Abun takaici, nau'ikan namomin kaza da yawa suna da 'yan waɗannan halayen.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ɗayan mafi kyawun halayen mai shine siririn siriri. Tabbas, farfajiyar bazai zama mai danko sosai ba a lokacin bushe, amma ana iya ganin alamun layin mucous saboda tarkace suna manne da hular. A cikin busassun samfuran, murfin murfin ya kasance mai haske sosai.
Baya ga siririn siriri, hular ba ta da halin wannan naman gwari, yana kaiwa 5-12 cm a diamita. Yana da zagaye da ma'ana, amma yana yin santsi a kan lokaci. Yawanci launin ruwan kasa ne, kodayake ya kasance daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa launin ja zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai rawaya.
A saman ƙananan ƙananan pores suna da haske zuwa launin rawaya a launi. A cikin wasu nau'ikan mai, pores suna nan da can, wasu kuma suna ta radiyo. Tare da shekaru, pores suna yin duhu kuma sun zama rawaya zuwa launin rawaya-rawaya. Soshin da ke samarwa a cikin pores din launin ruwan kasa ne. A cikin kayan fungi na samari, an rufe ɓangaren pore da mayafi. Wannan bargon galibi fari ne kuma rips yana buɗe farjin lokacin da naman gwari ya fantsama. A kan manyan naman kaza, ana iya ganin ragowar wani mayafin na leshi a matsayin zobe a kusa da karafan kuma kananan kayan nama sun kasance a gefen gefen hular.
Butterflies sune tsugune, matsakaiciyar naman kaza tare da kakkarfan silinda mai tsawon 3-8 cm, tsawonsa yakai cm 1 zuwa 2.5. Wasu nau'ikan suna da zoben da aka samo daga ragowar wani bangare na bangaranci yayin da naman gwari ke bunkasa). Da fari fari ne, sannan sannu a hankali yana ɗaukar launin shuɗi, musamman a ƙasan. A saman zoben, kafar fari zata dushe don dacewa da hular kusa da saman.
Hakanan an kawata wannan ɓangaren tushe da ɗumbin ɗumbin ɗakunan da ake kira glandular punctures. Wadannan dige na glandular suna yin duhu da shekaru kuma sun fita dabam da sauran maɓuɓɓugan cikin girma. Diginan ciki suna bayyana sakamakon kumburin kwayar halitta kuma suna kama da ƙananan kumburi.
Nau'in man shanu
Cedar man shanu tasa
Naman kaza ya kai 10 cm a kewaya. A cikin samfuran samari, yana da tsinkaye, tare da tsufa yana yin baka. Launi daga rawaya mai duhu zuwa haske ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, bushe ko danko. Gwanon yana da cylindrical ko ɗan kumbura a gindin. Wani lokaci ma inuwa iri ɗaya ce da murfin, amma mafi yawan lokuta paler, an rufe shi da kumburin launin ruwan kasa.
Theangaren litattafan almara yana rawaya ko rawaya, ba ya canza launi a kan hulɗa da iska. Mustard datti zuwa jan tubules. Ramin pores ne kanana, masu zagaye, masu launin mustard. Kamshin ba rarrabewa bane. Dandanon tsaka tsaki ne. Spores 9-11.5 × 4-5 µm.
Mai itacen al'ul yana zaune a cikin dazuzzuka daji, a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi a wuraren shakatawa da lambuna, kuma yana samar da mycorrhiza tare da pines.
Gurasar mai mai
A waje, naman kaza baya misaltuwa, amma dandanon yana da daɗi ga masu karɓar abinci, yana da ƙamshin naman kaza na musamman yayin dahuwa ko diban abinci.
An yi ado da mai mai launin toka tare da hula a cikin matashin matashin bututu na bututu, diamitarsa yakai 5-12 cm. Fim ɗin mai santsi yana da danshi kuma mai mannewa a kan buguwa, yana da wuya a baya. Wani fasali mai rarrabe shine ma'aunin launin ruwan kasa a samansa. Lokacin da mayafin ya karye, yana barin barbashi mai laushi wanda ya rufe layin tubular.
Launi mai laushi zuwa launin baƙi, zaitun ko baƙi mai launi. Farin fari da sako-sako da nama ƙarƙashin fim ɗin tsohuwar naman kaza ya zama fari-fari ko launin ruwan kasa. Ya zama shuɗi yayin fallasa.
Ofasan murfin ya ƙunshi bututu masu faɗi waɗanda ke sauka a tushe. Bututun suna da kusurwa iri-iri. Launi launin toka ne tare da launin ruwan kasa, fari ko rawaya.
Grey boletus spores haifuwa. An kafa su a cikin foda.
Babban kafa na mai mai launin toka yayi kama da madaidaiciya ko lanƙwasa silinda mai kauri cm cm 4, tsawonsa yakai 5-10 cm Tsarin jikin yana da yawa, inuwa ta zama rawaya ja. Mayafin ya bar farin farin a kai, wanda ya ɓace yayin da naman gwari ya tsufa. Ana tattara mai mai launin toka daga ƙananan larch ko gandun daji. Naman gwari yana girma a cikin iyalai ko kuma shi kaɗai.
Man shanu mai launin rawaya (marsh)
Fadama ko rawanin mai mai launin rawaya shine ɗayan mafi kyawun wakilan masarautar naman kaza. Baya cikin "masu daraja", amma gogaggun masu tsinkayen naman kaza sun san darajarsa da alfaharinsu lokacin da suka sami masarufi.
Hular marsh oil ɗin ƙanana ne kuma bashi da kauri, a cikin samari namomin kaza daga 4 cm, a tsofaffi har zuwa 8 cm, an rufe shi da fim mai mai.
Matakan ci gaban jiki suna shafar siffar hular. Hemispherical a samfuran samari, yana daidaitawa lokaci kuma yana dan kara kusantar kafa, karamin tubercle ya bayyana a saman. Launin murfin ba shi da haske, rawaya ne. A wasu samfuran, ana sanya launin rawaya mai launuka masu launin shuɗi, launin toka ko kore kore.
Pananan ƙananan pores na murfin tubular na hular suna da rauni, lemun tsami mai launi, rawaya, ko ocher. Naman rawaya mai naman kaza baya fitar da fitaccen kamshi da ruwan 'madara mai madara.
Legafaffiyar kafa mai ƙarfi daga 0.3-0.5 cm mai kauri, tsawon 6-7 cm, kaɗan mai lankwasa. Bayan an cire hular daga tushe a yayin girma, fararen haske kamar jelly mai haske ko zoben rawaya mai datti ya bayyana akan tushe. Kafa mai launin rawaya ne, rawaya-kasa-kasa da zobe. Siffar fure-fuka-fuka-fuka-fuka-fuka-fuka-fuka-fuka-fuka-fuka-fuka-fuka-fata ne, launin fure-fure ne mai rawaya.
Farar mai
Naman kaza ba safai yake ba, saboda haka ya fi kyau a ba da tarin taro ga wasu wakilan dangin boletus. Abubuwa suna saurin lalacewa bayan tattarawa kuma wani lokacin basa samun lokacin dahuwa.
Hular naman kaza ya kai a diamita zuwa 8-10 cm. A cikin samfuran samari, hular tana da ma'amala-daidai-launi, launi ya fara fari, kuma ya zama rawaya a gefuna. A cikin manyan naman kaza, kumburin da ke kan hular ya ɓace yayin da yake faɗaɗa. Bayan overripe, hular ta zama rawaya kuma ta lankwasa zuwa ciki.
Hular mai santsi ya zama an rufe shi da laka bayan ruwan sama. Kyalkyali lokacin bushewa. Fata mai laushi tayi ficewa ba tare da wahala ba. Farin farin ko rawanin rawaya yana da nama mai laushi, mai ɗaci da mai laushi. Kunya yayin da suke tsufa. Launin tubular yana wakiltar bututu mai zurfin 4-7 mm. Young namomin kaza da haske rawaya shambura. A wani zamani mai zuwa, sun zama rawaya-kore. Shin overripe launin ruwan kasa-zaitun. Launin kananan pores da bututu mai lankwasa ba ya bambanta. A saman layin tubular yana ba da jan ruwa.
Stemarfi mai ƙarfi, mai lanƙwasa ko mai jujjuyawa, ba tare da zobe ba, mai tsayin cm 5-9. Lokacin da ya nuna, tabo mai launin ja-launin ruwan kasa yana bayyana a kan kara.
Late man shanu tasa (gaske)
Shahararren naman kaza ne, ya bushe, ya zama gari ya zama foda kuma ana amfani da shi wajen naman kaza. Wide madaidaiciyar hular kwano 5-15 cm, yana buɗewa yayin da ya balaga kuma ya zama mai daɗi. Fim mai ɗanɗano daga launin ruwan kasa mai haske zuwa ruwan kasa mai zurfin cakulan.
Wannan shi ne naman kaza, wanda a ciki, maimakon gills, pores masu launin rawaya ne, sun yi kama da haushi, yayin da naman gwari ya tsufa, pores ɗin suna samun launin ruwan zinare. Underarkashin hular, farin mayafi yana lulluɓe pores ɗin samarin, lokacin da naman kaza ya yi girma, sai mayafin ya karye kuma ya kasance akan ƙirar kamar zoben. Kafa kafa ne, fari, mai tsayin 4 zuwa 8 cm, faɗi 1 zuwa 3 cm kuma ya zama santsi ga taɓawa.
Larch man shanu tasa
Magungunan fungal na deiduous mai da tushen bishiyoyi suna musayar abubuwan gina jiki don amfanin juna da kwayoyin duka.
Hular fararen rawaya ne, mai launin haske mai haske ko launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, danshi bayan ruwan sama kuma yana haskakawa koda a lokacin bushewa. Diamita yana da 4 zuwa 12 cm a cikin girma kuma ya zama kusan lebur, wani lokacin conical ko tare da wani sanannen yankin tsakiyar tashe. Hannun manyan samfuran suna da ɗan motsi a gefen su.
Lemon rawaya angular pores suna samun launin kirfa yayin da jikin 'ya'yan itace ke girma. Lokacin da aka ji rauni, pores suna juya launin ruwan kasa. Bututun suna rawaya ja kuma ba sa canza launi yayin yanke. Gangar tana da tsayi daga 1.2 zuwa 2 a tsayi kuma tsawonta yakai 5 zuwa 7.Wani farin farin sirara yana rufe tubunan jikin 'ya'yan itacen da basu balaga ba, yana yin zoben sauyawa na kara. Lokacin da zobe ya faɗi, yankin kodadde ya kasance akan tushe.
Mafi yawan gindin an rufe shi da sikeli masu launin ruwan kasa, amma sama da yankin na annular, saiwar ta zama mai kyan gani kuma ba ta da girma.
Girkin man shanu na granular
Mycorrhizal naman gwari tare da pines, ke tsiro shi kaɗai ko a cikin rukuni; tartsatsi
Hular tana da 5-15 cm, mai lankwasa, ta zama baka mai fadi a kan lokaci, yanayin yana da santsi, mai ɗaci ko siriri ga taɓawa. Yana canza launi daga launin rawaya mai duhu, rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko launin ruwan kasa-orange. Tare da shekaru, launi ya ɓace, ya zama aikin faci tare da tabarau daban-daban. Mayafin ya ɓace. Furen rami ya fara fari fari da farko, sannan ya zama rawaya, galibi tare da ɗigon ruwan girgije a cikin samari namomin kaza. Bututun suna da zurfin zurfin 1 cm. Pores din suna da kusan 1 mm a manyan samfuran.
Kara ba tare da zobe, fari ba, mai launin rawaya mai haske kusa da ƙwanƙolin ko gaba ɗaya, tsayin 4-8 cm, kaurin 1-2 cm, daidai yake ko tare da tushe mai ƙwanƙwasa. Rabin na sama yana da ƙanana, launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan toka gland. Naman fari ne da fari, a cikin manya naman kaza rawaya ne, ba ya tabo lokacin da aka fallasa shi. Oranshi da ɗanɗano suna tsaka tsaki.
Namomin kaza masu kama da boletus (na ƙarya)
Namomin kaza kwatankwacin boletus ana iya cin su da sharadi. Suna da ɗanɗano da daci da sashin ciki, amma ba sa haifar da mummunan sakamako bayan amfani. Letaryar boletus da wuya ta haɗu da masu karɓar naman kaza kuma suna da ƙananan bambance-bambance na waje daga ainihin naman kaza mai ci.Sau biyu:
Man barkono na iya
Siberiyan man shanu
Awaki
Lokacin da kuka kalli namomin kaza, da alama ba zai yiwu a rarrabe tsakanin boletus na ƙarya da na abinci ba, amma idan kun lura da kyau, ba haka bane. Namomin kaza masu cin abinci da sharadi suna da hoda mai kalar purple da fim mai toka. Man gas ɗin gaske yana da fim fari. Wurin lalacewar naman kaza wanda ba zai ci ba ya zama rawaya.
An tsabtace tagwayen sosai kuma ana aiki da su tare da yanayin zafi sau biyu, sai bayan an ci su. Koyaya, man shanu na Siberia yana riƙe da ɗacinsa ba tare da la'akari da yawan hawan girki ba.
Lokacin tarawa
Yanayin Yankin emasashen Arewa yana ba da damar malam buɗe ido kusan ko'ina a ko'ina cikin lokacin bazara da kaka. Lokacin girbi yana zuwa bayan kyakkyawan ruwan sama. Lokacin girma ga boletus yayi tsayi sosai. Sabbin namomin kaza sun bayyana daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba. Ainihin lokacin da ya dace ya dogara da yanayi da yanayin gida.
Abubuwa masu amfani
- murfin da ke cikin mai yana cire uric acid, yana magance ciwon kai da haɗin gwiwa, kuma yana kwantar da jijiyoyin jiki;
- naman kaza - tushen lecithin mai daraja;
- abincin mai yana taimakawa tare da damuwa da gajiya;
- fatar naman kaza yana dauke da kwayoyin kashe kwayoyin halitta wadanda suke kara karfin garkuwar jiki.
Contraindications
Komai yadda amfanin namomin kaza yake, koyaushe akwai masu nuna adawa. Oilers suna ɗauke da zaren da aka saka tare da chitin, wanda ke tsangwama ga narkewar abinci idan an sami matsala a cikin sassan ciki.
Contraindications:
- rashin haƙuri na mutum;
- ciki ko shayarwa;
- m cututtukan ciki;
- yara 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 7.
Duk naman kaza suna tara sinadarai masu cutarwa idan suka girma kusa da masana'antar masana'antu ko yankin karkara da aka kula da ciyawar ciyawa. Hakanan ana samun sinadarin radiyon cesium a jikin naman kaza. An shayar da naman kaza da yawa sau da yawa kafin dafa abinci mai zafi, an tafasa aƙalla sau biyu tare da canjin ruwa.
