Ba a girmama namomin kaza Volushka sosai a ƙasashen Turai. Wuraren sune Finland, Russia da Ukraine, inda namomin kaza suka shahara kuma suna da sunaye da yawa na cikin gida, amma duk suna nuna babban kayan da ya baiwa naman kaza sunan shi - wavy concentric circles on the cap.
Ana samun masu karɓar naman kaza a cikin adadi mai yawa a cikin birch da kuma hade gandun daji har zuwa Oktoba. Real taguwar ruwa:
- fari;
- ruwan hoda.
Nau'ukan raƙuman ruwa na kowa:
- ruwan hoda;
- masussuka;
- fari;
- faded;
- launin ruwan kasa;
- goge
Baya ga tsarin launi, ana rarrabe raƙuman ruwa ta diamita na laima mai kwalliya. Naman kaza na musamman ne domin jikin 'ya'yan itace yana fitar da madara mai mai mai, wanda ke dagula shirin raƙuman ruwa.
Me yasa raƙuman ruwa suke da amfani
Suna da yawa:
- kurege;
- ma'adanai;
- carbohydrates;
- amino acid;
- antioxidants;
- bitamin;
- sinadaran sinadarai
- lecithin
Yin amfani da raƙuman ruwa yana da amfani ga zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, metabolism. Abubuwan da ke aiki da ilimin halittu:
- daidaita matakan glucose;
- tsarkake magudanar jini;
- taimaka gajiya;
- ƙarfafa jijiyoyi;
- daidaita karfin jini;
- inganta tsarin gashi da fata;
- suna da kyawawan abubuwan damuwa;
- tallafawa rigakafi;
- ta da kwakwalwa,
- inganta hangen nesa
Raƙuman kalori masu sauƙi suna sauƙaƙa nauyin nauyi ba tare da azabar yunwa ba, sautin jiki don rayuwa mai aiki.
Ga wanda raƙuman ruwa suke cutarwa. Contraindications ga yin amfani da namomin kaza
Mutanen da ke da cholecystitis da cire gallbladder, pancreatitis, ƙarancin acidity na iyakar ruwan 'ya'yan ciki ko cire gwari gaba ɗaya daga abincin. Bayan dafa abinci, jikin 'ya'yan itace sun rasa ɗacinsu. Amma ruwan madarar madara na volushka ba ya canza abun, yana harzuka kwayoyin mucous membranes.
Yaran da ke ƙasa da shekaru 3 ba su da enzymes a cikin jiki wanda zai ba su damar narkar da naman kaza, kuma ba kawai raƙuman ruwa ba. Gabaɗaya, yana da lafiya da naman kaza idan kun bi ƙa'idojin asali na tsabtar ciki.
Yaya ake sarrafa raƙuman ruwa kafin dafa abinci
A wurin lalacewa, namomin kaza suna ɓoye madara caustic. Yana lalata dandanon abinci, yana haifar da tashin hankali ko guba. Babu magani mai zafi wanda yake tsayar da ruwan madara mai guba. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar yin hankali lokacin girbin naman kaza, ƙara raƙuman abinci mai ci ko da sharadi a cikin kwanon rufi.
Buga dandano mai ɗaci ta jiƙa ko tafasa.
Jika
An tattara volnushki, an tsabtace iyakokin daga bin tarkace, kuma an cika su da ruwa mai tsafta. Bar Ana cikin haka, ana canza ruwan duk bayan awa 5, tsohon ruwa ya shanye. Sai ki kurkura sosai da ruwan famfo. An sake tsoma su cikin ruwan sanyi. Ga kowane lita na ruwa ƙara giram 10 na gishiri ko gram 2 na citric acid. An jika amfanin gona na kwana 2 ko fiye. A mataki na ƙarshe, an tsabtace namomin kaza tare da buroshi, an sake wanke su a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudu.
Abin da aka yi jita-jita daga raƙuman ruwa
Volnushka yana da daɗi, amma ba sauƙi a shirya ba. Don cire ɗacin rai, jiƙa na dogon lokaci a cikin ruwan gishiri, sannan:
- zuba marinade;
- dafa;
- daskare
Bayan magani mai zafi, kalaman na riƙe da yanayin jikin 'ya'yan itacen da kaddarorin. Ana naman kaza tare da albasa da kirim mai tsami. Sauces da aka yi daga volvushki naman saturate nama da kayan lambu tare da ƙanshin naman kaza.
Edible taguwar ruwa
Gashi mai ruwan hoda
Naman kaza ya yadu a arewacin sassan Afirka, Asiya, Turai da Amurka. Hoda mai ruwan hoda tare da bishiyoyi iri-iri a cikin gandun daji da aka gauraya, galibi tare da birch, yana girma a ƙasa daban ko ƙungiyoyi. An kimanta shi don ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano kuma ana ci bayan shiri mai kyau a Rasha da Finland; yana tsokanar tsarin narkewa yayin cin ɗanyen. Gubobi masu daɗin dandano mai ɗanɗanowa ana lalata su yayin dafa abinci.
A tafiya
Convex tare da damuwa ta tsakiya, har zuwa diamita har zuwa cm 10. Launinsa haɗin ruwan hoda ne da launukan ocher, wani lokaci tare da yankuna masu duhu. An rufe gefen a ciki kuma furry a samfuran samari.
Tsaunuka
Kunkuntar, mai dami, da kusanci da juna.
Kafa
Cylindrical mai launi-mai launi tare da ƙasa mai ƙasa, tsawonsa yakai cm 8 da kaurin 0.6-2. Lokacin yanke ko lalacewa, jikin fruita fruitan suna ɓoye farin ruwan 'ya'yan itace, wanda baya canza launi ƙarƙashin tasirin iska.
Masussuka
Forms a mycorrhizal bond tare da birches a wurare masu zafi. Ya fi son ƙasa mai guba a cikin yankuna masu ciyayi a gefen gandun daji ko kuma cikin hamada, maimakon zurfafawa a cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa. Yana faruwa ne kaɗai kuma a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi warwatse a yawancin Turai, Arewacin Afirka da sassan Asiya da Arewacin Amurka.
Hat
5 zuwa 15 cm a diamita, mai lankwasawa, sannan ya miƙe, ƙaramin ɓacin rai na tsakiyar ya bayyana, raƙuman rawaya masu duhu da hoda suna da banƙyama, musamman a gefuna masu haɗi, kuma suna da duhu kaɗan masu duhu, mafi lura a tsakiya; wannan karba-karba ya ɓace a cikin manyan yayan itace. Karkashin itacen shaggy cuticle, farin fata mai dumbin yawa, mai saurin lalacewa.
Tsaunuka
Gajere, mai durƙushewa, ruwan hoda mai dusar yawa yana fitar da farin madara mai laushi ko laushi idan ya lalace, baya canza launi lokacin bushe.
Kafa
Diamita daga 1 zuwa 2 cm kuma tsawo daga 4 zuwa 8 cm, silinda, mai paler fiye da hular. Kafafun samari namomin kaza suna balaga kuma suna da ƙarfi; yayin da thea fruitan jikin mata theyan suke girma, sun zama masu santsi da rami. Babu zoben kara.
Volnushka fari
Wannan naman kaza da ba a saba gani ba yana girma a ƙarƙashin itacen birch. Launin launinsa mai launi da gashin kansa masu amfani ne don rarrabe fasali. An samo farin fata (galibi a cikin makiyaya masu dausayi) a mafi yawan nahiyoyin Turai da kuma yankuna da yawa na Arewacin Amurka. Naman gwari ba safai ba, amma inda ya yi, mai tsinke naman kaza zai tattara samfura goma sha biyu ko fiye.
Hat
Diamita 5 zuwa 15 cm, mai lankwasawa sannan dan kadan ya baci, duhun rawaya mai launin rawaya da kodadde masu launin rawaya suna da rabe-rabe masu launin ruwan hoda da kuma yankin ruwan kasa mai ruwan hoda zuwa tsakiyar. A karkashin cuticle cutgle akwai farin fata mai kauri da rauni.
Tsaunuka
Fari, gajere, yana gangarowa tare da jigun, ruwan hoda mai ɗan kaɗan, yana fitar da farin ruwan idan ya lalace.
Kafa
Diamita 10 zuwa 23 mm da tsawo 3 zuwa 6 cm, yawanci taɓi kadan zuwa tushe.
Kerkeci mai laushi (fadama, mai laushi mai laushi)
Naman kaza mara laushi mai tsiro yana girma a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyin Birch a yawancin Turai na cikin gandun daji mai danshi, gabashin Asiya da sassan Arewacin Amurka.
Hat
Diamita 4 zuwa 8 cm, rubutu mai kwalliya sannan kuma ya baci a tsakiya, launin shuɗi mai ruwan hoda-toka-toka ko toka mai haske, siriri yayin jike. Underarkashin yankewar hular, naman ya yi fari ko kodadde, ya zama mai saurin rauni.
Tsaunuka
Fused ko gajere, fari ko kodadde rawaya, launin ruwan kasa idan ya lalace, ɓoye farin madara, wanda, lokacin da ya bushe, ya zama launin toka.
Kafa
5 zuwa 10 mm a diamita da 5 zuwa 7 cm a tsayi, mai santsi da silinda, mai saurin karyewa da sauƙin karyewa.
Milky brownish
Jikin Frua Fruan itace suna girma a ƙasa a cikin dazuzzuka masu yanke hukunci a Turai da Arewacin Amurka, Asiya a cikin Kashmir Valley, Indiya, China da Japan.
Tsaunuka
Launi mai laushi mai laushi, launi mai haske a tushe.
Hat
Convex ko lebur, wani lokacin tare da ƙaramin ɓacin rai na tsakiya, mai faɗin 4.5-12.5 cm. Fushen ya bushe, mai santsi, mai sanyin yanayi. Wasu lokuta ƙananan folds suna bayyana a tsakiya, kuma tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsalle suna bayyana akan gefunan samfuran balagagge. Launi daga launin ruwan kasa mai haske zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, wani lokacin tare da duhu masu duhu da gefen haske.
Kafa
Cylindrical, 4-8.5 cm tsayi kuma 1-2 cm kauri, tapering zuwa tushe. Awon ɗin yana kama da kwalliya, amma yana da launi mai launi kuma ya zama fari a saman. Theangaren litattafan almara ya yi kauri kuma tabbatacce, fari, aibobi suna bayyana a wuraren lalacewa. Rara madara mara kyau, pinkish lokacin bushe.
Mai cin zalin
Wannan babban naman kaza ana samunsa shi kaɗai ko a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi warwatse a cikin bishiyoyi da daɗaɗɗun daji. Farin fari mai kauri yana da tauri kuma yana da laushi, ruwan madara mai laushi ya fi taushi.
Yaɗu kuma gama gari a cikin bishiyoyi masu daɗaɗɗu da haɗuwa ko'ina cikin Birtaniyya da Ireland, inda yawanci yake ba da fruita fruita da yawa, ana samun wannan katafaren madarar a duk Turai, daga Scandinavia zuwa Bahar Rum. Ban ga wani ambaton wannan nau'in da aka samo a Arewacin Amurka ba.
Hat
A lokacin da hular ke buɗewa gaba ɗaya, tana canza launinta da tsagewa. Diamita daga 10 zuwa 25 cm (wani lokaci fiye da 30 cm). Da farko yana da ma'amala, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya zama cikin damuwa. Fari na fari, sannan launin rawaya kuma daga ƙarshe tare da facin launin ruwan kasa, an rufe shi da zaren ulu mai kyau.
Tsaunuka
Madaidaiciya, da fari fari, amma ba da daɗewa ba launin ruwan kasa, galibi ana hango shi. Idan gishirin ya lalace, suna fitar da farin madara mai dandano mai haske.
Kafa
Anyi launin mai launi iri ɗaya kamar hular, silinda ko ɗan taɓarwa zuwa gindin, 2 zuwa 4 cm a diamita kuma 4 zuwa 7 cm tsayi.
Rashin saurin raƙuman ruwa marasa ƙarfi
Sau biyu masu haɗari ga mutane suna kama da samfurorin da ake iya cinyewa a waje, amma ba kamar raƙuman ruwa masu iya zama halinsu ba, koda bayan dafa abinci suna da guba, kuma mai cin abincin yana zuwa kulawa mai ƙarfi, kuma ba ga likitan ciki ba.
Miliyar horaya
Girma a cikin yanayi mai ɗumi, amma ba koyaushe dausayi a cikin mycorrhiza tare da birch ba.
Hat
Har zuwa 60 mm a diamita, hoda mai ruwan hoda. Siffar ta zama mazurari mai lebur, wani lokacin tare da fitowar tsakiyar gari. Gefen yana da ƙarfi lanƙwasa. Farfajiya (musamman a jikin samari masu 'ya'ya) yana da kyau sosai. Launi mai launin ja-ja ne. Da'irorin inuwa masu duhu, mafi duhu a tsakiya, suna haskakawa zuwa gefen.
Kafa 20-60 x 8-12 mm, wanda bashi da daidaituwa a cikin siliki, corrugated, bald, matte, launi kama da hular kwano. Naman mai ɗanɗano ne kuma yana da ƙanshi mai daɗin frua fruan itace. Farin madara yana da ɗanɗano da taushi kuma ya zama mai kaifi bayan ɗan lokaci.
Miller mai danko
Gwanin launin shuɗi mai haske, mai ɗan ƙaramin naman gwari da aka samo a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyin beech a yawancin ƙasashen Turai.
Hat
Mara laushi mai launin toka-toka ko zaitun-mai launin toka, wani lokaci tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda, tare da ruwan duhu, zobban baƙin ciki da tabo, maɗaukaki, ƙaramin ɓacin rai na tsakiya, 4 zuwa 9 cm a diamita. Mucous a lokacin rigar.
Tsaunuka
Da yawa, fari, a hankali juya cream, launin toka-rawaya yayin yanke. Idan ya lalace, ana sakin farin madara mai yawa, idan ya bushe sai ya zama toka.
Kafa
Launi launin toka, na silinda ko na ɗan tausa zuwa gindin, tsawon daga 3 zuwa 7 cm, diamita daga 0.9 zuwa cm 2. Babu zobe mai tushe. Ba za a iya rarrabe ɗanɗanon naman kaza daga jan barkono ba.
Hanyoyin hanta mai laushi (mai ɗaci)
Ana samun sa adadi mai yawa a ƙarƙashin spruces, pines, birch a wurare tare da ƙasa mai guba a yawancin sassan Turai, a Arewacin Amurka.
Hat
4 zuwa 10 cm a diamita, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu mai duhu da bushe, matte, mai ɗan kauri a cikin yanayin ruwa. Da farko, ma'ana, tana daukar sikalin mazurai yayin da 'ya'yan itacen ke nuna. Sau da yawa, idan murfin ya faɗaɗa zuwa mazurari, ƙaramin ƙaramin laima ke bayyana.
Tsaunuka
Kirim-mai-launi mai laushi, wanda ba a bayyana shi sau da yawa, galibi yana wurin, yana zama mai tabo yayin da suke girma. Idan ya lalace, ana fitar da farin madara mai ruwa, yana da ɗanɗano da farko, amma daga baya ya zama mai ɗaci da zafi.
Kafa
Diamita 5 zuwa 20 mm da tsawo 4 zuwa 9 cm, mai santsi da launi iri ɗaya da hula, ko ɗan paler. Babu zoben sanda.
Guba tare da raƙuman ruwa. Kwayar cututtuka da alamu
Sau da yawa mutane:
- keta ka'idoji don sarrafa sabbin naman kaza;
- ba a sanya sinadarai daidai;
- kada ku bi girke-girke na girki;
- sun manta cewa suna da matsala da ciki da sauran gabobin ciki.
A duk waɗannan al'amuran, masu cin abinci suna samun rikicewar hanji, guba mai sauƙi ko matsakaici.
Kwayar cututtuka da alamun guguwar gurɓataccen naman kaza suna bayyana bayan awanni 1-6. Mutumin yana da laushi, jiri, ciwon ciki. Yanayin yana ɗaukar kwanaki 1-2, to gafara yana farawa a hankali.
Don sauƙaƙe yanayin, suna ba da sorbents, ba da enema, haifar da amai. Wannan shine taimakon farko. Tabbatar da tuntuɓar sashin cututtukan cututtuka, inda za su yi gwaje-gwaje kuma su ba da magani.
