Tsabtace ruwan teku

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Duk shekara matsalar rashin ruwa mai tsafta tana kara zama mai kamari. Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa karni na 21 zai zama rikici a wannan batun, tunda saboda dumamar yanayi, saboda karuwar yawan mutane miliyan 80 a shekara, nan da shekarar 2030, ruwan da ya dace da sha ba zai wadatar da kashi daya cikin uku na yawan mutanen duniya ba. ... Saboda haka, dangane da bala'in da ke tafe a kan sikeli na duniya, dole ne a shawo kan matsalar samun sabbin hanyoyin samun ruwa mai tsafta a yanzu. A yau, ana samun ruwan da ya dace da sha ta hanyar tara kayan kwalliya, narke kankara da dusar kankara ta kololuwar tsaunuka, amma mafi alherin, duk da haka, ita ce hanyar tsabtace ruwan teku.

Hanyoyin narkar da ruwan teku

Sau da yawa, kilogram 1 na ruwa na teku da na teku, wanda yawan su a doron ƙasa ya kai kashi 70%, ya ƙunshi kusan gram 36 na gishiri daban-daban, wanda ya sa bai dace da amfanin ɗan adam da ban ruwa na ƙasar noma ba. Hanyar tsarkake irin wannan ruwan ita ce cewa ana fitar da gishirin da ke ciki ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

A halin yanzu, ana amfani da hanyoyi masu zuwa na tsarkake ruwan teku:

  • sinadarai;
  • electrodialysis;
  • sabuntawa;
  • distillation;
  • daskarewa.

Batun narkar da nukiliya

Tsarin tsabtace ruwan teku da ruwa

Alinaddamar da sinadarai - ya ƙunshi raba salts ta hanyar ƙara reagents dangane da barium da azurfa zuwa ruwan gishiri. Ta hanyar amsawa da gishirin, waɗannan abubuwa suna sanya shi mara narkewa, wanda ke sauƙaƙa cire kristal ɗin gishirin. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar da kyar saboda tsadar sa da kuma abubuwan mai guba na reagents.

Electrodialysis shine hanyar tsarkake ruwa daga gishiri ta amfani da wutar lantarki. Don yin wannan, ana sanya ruwan gishiri a cikin wata na'ura ta musamman na aiki na yau da kullun, ya kasu kashi uku ta ɓangarori na musamman, wasu daga cikin waɗannan membran ɗin suna tarkon ions, wasu kuma - cations. Motsi yana ci gaba tsakanin rabe-raben, an tsarkake ruwan, kuma gishirin da aka cire daga ciki ana cire shi a hankali ta hanyar magudanar ruwa ta musamman.

Ultrafiltration, ko kuma kamar yadda ake kiransa, osmosis reverse, hanya ce wacce ake zuba ruwan gishiri a cikin ɗayan ɓangarorin akwati na musamman, rabu da membrane mai maganin cellulose. Ruwan piston ne mai matukar karfi, wanda, yayin da aka danna shi, ya sanya shi ya ratsa ramin membrane, ya bar manyan abubuwan gishiri a cikin sashin farko. Wannan hanyar tana da tsada sosai kuma saboda haka baya tasiri.

Daskarewa ita ce hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita, bisa la’akari da cewa lokacin da ruwan gishiri ya daskare, samuwar kankara ta farko tana faruwa tare da sabon ɓangarenta, kuma ɓangaren mai gishiri na ruwa yana daskarewa a hankali kuma a ƙarancin yanayin zafi. Bayan haka sai kankara ta yi zafi zuwa digiri 20, ta tilasta shi narkewa, kuma ruwan zai zama kusan babu gishiri. Matsalar daskarewa shine don samar dashi, kuna buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman, masu tsada da ƙwararru.

Rarrabawa, ko kuma kamar yadda ake kiransa, da hanyar zafi, ita ce nau'ikan keɓaɓɓen tattalin arziƙi, wanda ya ƙunshi sauƙi mai sauƙi, ma'ana, an tafasa ruwan gishiri, kuma ana samun ruwa mai ɗaci daga tururi mai sanyaya.

Matsalar zubar da ruwa

Matsalar narkar da ruwan teku ita ce, da farko, a cikin tsada mai alaƙa da aikin kanta. Sau da yawa, farashin cire gishiri daga ruwa ba su biya, saboda haka ba safai ake amfani da su ba. Hakanan, kowace shekara yana da wuya da tsaftace ruwan teku da tekuna - yana da wuya da wuya a sake shi, tunda ragowar gishiri daga cikin ruwan da aka riga aka tsarkake ba a amfani da su, amma a dawo da su zuwa sararin ruwa, wanda ke sanya gishirin a cikinsu sau da yawa. A kan wannan, zamu iya yanke hukunci cewa har yanzu ɗan adam bai yi aiki akan gano sabbin hanyoyin ba, mafi inganci na tsarkake ruwan teku.

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Kalli bidiyon: Mace mai kishin mujita (Nuwamba 2024).