Americanasar Amurka mara gashin gashi mara kyau ne, wanda aka fara yin sa a Amurka a cikin shekaru 70. Kakannin wannan jinsin sun kasance masu kama da bera, amma a cikin 2004 an raba nau'in daga sauran.
A matsayin karnuka masu kyau, masu hankali da kwarjini, Yan ta'addan marasa gashi suna samun karbuwa kasancewar ana ganin sun dace da mutanen da ke da cutar rashin lafiyar gashi.
Tarihin irin
Tarihin Baƙon Gashi mara Askin Amurka ya kai matsayin da ya dace da na mai kama da bera ko kare mai kama da bera. Sun fara bayyana a Tsibirin Biritaniya shekaru aru-aru da suka gabata kuma manoman Birtaniyya ne suka fara amfani da shi wajen sarrafa beraye, zomaye da Fox.
Shekaru aru-aru, masu kamun bera sun kasance suna aiki ne kawai da karnuka masu aiki, ba tare da la'akari da waje ba. A sakamakon haka, nau'ikan jinsuna daban-daban sun bayyana, misali, fox terrier.
Lokacin da 'yan cirani suka fara isowa Amurka, da yawa daga cikinsu sun tafi da karnukansu. Yawancin nau'ikan masu jigilar abubuwa sun haɗu zuwa ɗaya, tunda babu zaɓi da yawa a tsakanin su, tare da ƙarin karnukan.
Pied Piper Terriers ya zama ɗayan shahararrun nau'in gona a cikin 1800s da 1930s. Ba su da tsoro, ba su da gajiyawa a cikin farautar ɓoyo, ta haka suna ƙaruwa riba da hana yaɗuwar cuta.
Sabanin sauran nau'ikan ta'addanci, masu bera suna da kusanci da yara da dangi kuma suna da halaye na kwarai. Zuwa 1930, juyin juya halin masana’antu ya tilasta wa manoma da yawa barin ƙauyuka su koma birane, kuma ƙarancin jinsin ya ragu.
Waɗannan sune magabatan nau'in, amma bari mu koma ga lokutan kusa. Maye gurbi shine tushen motsawar sabbin halittu. Suna gama gari daidai, amma yawancin maye gurbi ba a lura da su. Ofayan waɗannan maye gurbi ya faru ne a faɗin 1972 a cikin teraron atira.
Puan kwikwiyo tsirara an haife shi ga iyaye na al'ada, ya yi kama da 'yan'uwansa, sai dai ba shi da fur. Masu mallakar ba su san abin da za su yi da wannan hoda mai ruwan duhu ba kuma sai suka yanke shawarar ba abokansu, Edwin Scott da Willie da Edwin Scott.
Sun kira ta Josephine kuma sun ƙaunace ta, tunda ita mai kaifin hankali ce da kirki. Plusarin ƙari shi ne gaskiyar cewa ulu ba ta faɗo daga gare ta ba kuma tsabta a cikin gidan ta kasance a daidai matakin.
Iyalan Scott suna da sha'awar Josephine har suka yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar sabon nau'in, karnuka marasa gashi. Sun yi shawarwari tare da masu binciken kwayar halitta, masu kiwo, likitocin dabbobi, da daliban jami'a, amma yawancinsu suna shakkar cewa hakan zai cimma ruwa. A shekara daya, Josephine ya auri mahaifinta, saboda kwayoyin halittarsa sune ke da alhakin bayyanar kwikwiyo tsirara.
Tsammani ya yi daidai kuma a cikin zuriyar kwiyakwiyi uku na yau da kullun kuma an haifa yarinya yarinya tsirara, daga baya ana kiranta Gypsy. Scasashen sun yi ƙoƙarin maimaita gwajin sau da yawa, amma duk thean kwikwiyon na al'ada ne.
A karshe, tana da shekaru 9, Josephine ta haihu a karo na karshe. Sharar gida ta ƙunshi ɗan tsiraici, yarinya da puan kuya biyu na yau da kullun. Ana kiran su Snoopy, Jemima, Petunia, da Queenie, sun zama tushen sabon nau'in.
Scasar ta Scotland sun yi farin ciki sosai game da nasarar kuma suka yanke shawarar riƙe duk thean kwikwiyon. Sun ƙirƙiri wani gidan kare da ake kira Trout Creek Kennel kuma a lokacin da ppan kwikwiyyar suka cika shekara ɗaya, Snoopy ya haɗu da duk sistersan uwanta mata uku.
A ƙarshe, Jemima ta haifi puan kwikwiyo guda uku, duk basu da gashi, yayin da Petunia da Queenie suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan. Wannan ya gamsar da likitocin dabbobi cewa maye gurbi da ke haifar da rashin gashi yana da komowa kuma irin wannan halittar abune mai yiwuwa.
Katanga na Trout Creek ya ci gaba da hayayyafa a cikin shekarun 80 da 90. Yawancin karnuka da yawa sun kasance cikin wasu iyalai kuma sun zama ƙaunatattu kamar Josephine, nau'in ya fara yaduwa a Amurka. Tunda an haɗu da zuriya tun farkon farawa, mun fi sanin tarihin wannan nau'in fiye da kowane.
Sananne ne cewa gidan kwayar halittar ba ta da yawa kuma waɗannan karnukan an haye su da kyau tare da wasu Masu Ratsawar Bera. Tunda waɗannan masu jigilar sun zo da girma biyu ko ma uku, Baƙin Amurka mara gashi yana da ƙarami kuma daidaitacce a cikin girman.
Duk da kokarin da Scotland tayi na kirkirar wani sabon nau'in gaba daya, akasarin masu mallakar sun yiwa karnuka rajista tare da kungiyoyi daban-daban azaman Beran Rat. Wannan ya fara tsoratar da sabon nau'in kuma aka fara gane shi a matsayin na daban kuma na musamman daga Rungiyar areananan Ra'ayoyi (ARBA), sannan Rungiyar Rungiyar Rasa ta (asa (NRTA). Shekaru da yawa, yawancin kulake sun ƙi amincewa da sabon nau'in saboda tsoron cewa zai keta tsarkakar wasu nau'in.
Sai kawai a cikin 1990 halin ya fara canzawa kuma a cikin 1999 UKC ta amince da nau'in. Koyaya, kawai a matsayin bambance-bambance na Bera Terrier, tsirara bayyanar. Duk da cewa hakan bai dace da Scott gabaɗaya ba, sun yanke shawarar hakan ta fi komai.
Tunda UKC ita ce kungiya ta biyu mafi mashahuri a cikin Amurka, nasararta ta ba da gudummawa ga nasarar ƙirar. Bugu da kari, a cikin 1999 an amince da shi a wajen Amurka, a Kanada. A cikin 2004, UKC ta yanke shawarar raba Baƙin Gashi mara gashi na Amurka daga wasu matsoran. A cikin watan Janairun 2016, Kungiyar Kwarin Amurka ta hukuma ta amince da irin.
Bambancin Baƙin Gashin Baƙin Amurka an tabbatar dashi ta hanyar binciken kwayar halitta... Gaskiyar ita ce cewa wasu nau'in karnuka marasa gashi dole ne a haife su da nau'i biyu. Tunda kwayar halittar su ta kwayar halitta ta hanyar wata kwayar halitta mai kwazo, kuma kwaya daya tak ake bukata, idan akwai guda biyu, kwikwiyo ya mutu a mahaifar.
A sakamakon haka, ba haihuwar kwalliya da kwikwiyo na al'ada ana haifa su a cikin shara, koda iyayen biyu ba su da gashi. Kuma Batirin Amurkan yana da kwayar halittar recessive, wanda ke nufin cewa yana daukar sira biyu mara gashi don watsa shi.
Kuma, yana nufin cewa puan kwikwiyo da aka haifa daga irin waɗannan iyayen koyaushe zasu kasance tsirara. A zahiri, makamar AHTA ita ce kawar da karnuka kwata-kwata da gashi, amma sai bayan da kwayar halittar ta fadada sosai.
Wannan maye gurbin yana da wasu fa'idodi, baya shafar haƙoran karnuka, kamar yadda yake faruwa a wasu nau'o'in kuma kusan babu gashi, yayin da a wasu nau'ikan ya rage.
Babban abin ƙari shine cewa akwai rashin ƙarancin rashin lafiyan Amurkawa. Ee, a cikin yanayi mai tsanani yana iya bayyana kansa, amma yawancin masu fama da rashin lafiyan suna haƙuri da waɗannan karnukan sosai.
Bayani
Suna cikin kowane irin kamanceceniya da Beraye, banda ulu, wanda ba haka bane. Baƙin Baƙin Amurkawa ya kai girma biyu, kodayake dukansu ba su da yawa.
Aturearami daga 25.4 zuwa 33 cm a ƙeƙasasshen kuma daidaitacce daga 33 zuwa 45.72 cm. Dogaro da girman kare, nauyin ya fara daga 2.27 zuwa 7 kg.
An gina su da ƙarfi da gaske, kodayake ba za a iya kiran su squat. Bambancin da ke tattare da beran bera a cikin wutsiya, yayin da a da a baya wutsiya tana nan a tsaye, a cikin matattun gashi ba a bar shi ba.
Ba duk wakilan nau'in ke tsirara ba, saboda ana haye su akai-akai tare da wasu layuka don faɗaɗa ɗakunan jigilar jini. Waɗannan karnukan na iya samun gajerun riguna, masu kauri da santsi.
An rarrabe karnukan da basu da gashi ta babban banbanci a launi da launuka. Gabaɗaya, an fi son launin fata ɗaya, tare da tabo na launi daban-daban a baya, gefuna da kai. Fatar jikinsu mai saukin haske ce kuma tana iya tankarwa da rana, tare da tsananin ƙonewa.
Hali
Suna kamanceceniya da sauran yan ta'adda a cikin halayya, wataƙila sun ɗan sami kuzari da rayuwa. Baƙon Baƙon Amurka Baƙin Haushi an fara ɓoye shi ne a matsayin abokai da karnuka masu ban sha'awa. Sun kasance masu sadaukarwa ga danginsu, wanda suke ƙulla abota ta kud da kud dasu. Ba sa buƙatar komai sai don su kasance kusa da mutanen da suke ƙauna, kuma su kaɗai suke shan wahala mai yawa.
Ba kamar yawancin masu tsoro ba, tsirara suna tare da yara sosai, tare da kyakkyawar zamantakewa, suna mahaukaci game da yara. Yawancin karnuka, musamman ma waɗanda suka fi girma, suna da ikon jurewa cin zarafin yara wanda zai cutar da yawancin sauran nau'in.
Suna da ladabi da haƙuri da baƙi, wasu suna da abokantaka, koyaushe suna neman sababbin ƙawaye. Suna da tausayi da kulawa, suna iya zama manyan kararrawa da ke sanar da isowar baƙi. Amma, a matsayin karnukan masu tsaro, ba su dace ba, tunda ba su da ƙarfi ko ƙarfi.
Tare da kyakkyawar zamantakewar jama'a, Masu jigilar gashi mara Kyau na Amurka suna dacewa da sauran karnuka da kuliyoyi. Animalsananan dabbobi wani abu ne daban, musamman hamsters da bera.
Yawancin tsararraki na masu kama da bera suna cikin jinin su don manta ilhami. Idan ka bar irin wannan kare shi kadai tare da hamster dinka, lallai ne ka tafi da wani sabo.
Wadannan karnukan masu hankali ne kuma masu himma don farantawa mai su. Suna da sauƙin isa horo, kodayake wasu na iya zama masu taurin kai. Kodayake wannan ba nau'in keɓaɓɓe bane, amma idan kuka ba da zuriya, to zai zama da daɗin nuna hali. Ko da wakilan da ke da kyakkyawar tarbiyya suna da lahani.
Suna da kuzari da kyau, ba rago ba kuma mintuna 30-45 na tafiya a rana ya ishe su. Ba tare da su ba, za su sha wahala daga rashin nishaɗi da haɓaka halaye masu halakarwa. Sun dace sosai da ajiyewa a cikin gida, amma ba za a iya cewa ba a gan su sosai a ciki.
A'a, suna buƙatar wasa da shiga cikin lamuranku. Af, yayin tafiya, yana da mahimmanci a kula da fatarsu, don hana kunar rana a jiki da kasancewa cikin sanyi.
Baƙin Amurkawa na iya yin haushi da yawa. Muryar su a bayyane take kuma suna iya haushi fiye da sauran nau'in karnuka, wani lokacin har tsawon awanni ba tare da tsayawa ba. Ba tare da kulawar da ta dace ba, wannan halin na iya zama matsala.
Lafiya
Kodayake tsawon rayuwarsu yana da tsawo sosai, shekaru 14-16, amma ita kanta jinsin samartaka ce kuma ba a iya samun cikakkun bayanai game da cututtukan kwayoyin halittarta ba. Abu daya ya bayyana, daga dukkan nau'in kare mara gashi, wannan nau'in shine mafi koshin lafiya. Halittar ta yana gudana har yanzu, ana ƙara sauran nau'ikan masu jigilar kayayyaki, kuma wannan kawai yana ƙarfafa jinsinta.
Matsalar lafiya bayyananniya ga wannan nau'in ita ce yanayin zafin rana da sanyi. A lokacin rani ba za a iya ajiye shi a cikin rana buɗe ba, kuma a cikin hunturu da kaka, sa tufafi masu ɗumi.
Da kyau, da kuma karce, waɗanda suke da sauƙin samu. Sauran saura kare ne mai dogon hanta.
Kulawa
Babu shakka, yin kwalliya ba lallai bane don kare tsirara, ya isa ya goge fatar. Ba sa zubar da jini, ba sa haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani, kuma sun dace da karnukan cikin gida.
