"Tafiya kamar gogol" furci ne wanda koyaushe ake ji kuma ana amfani dashi don magance mai girman kai. Anan ga salon adabin duniya NV Gogol bashi da wata alaka da shi: tsuntsun dangin agwagwa ya ba da gudummawa ga bangaren ilimin jimla - gogolwacce ke tafiya da kan ta juye da jujjuya daga gefe zuwa gefe - kamar mai muhimmanci.
Bayani da fasali
Tsuntsun gogol Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittar jiki suna nufin ducks kurkuku na daji, ya kai tsawon jiki na 46 cm tare da nauyin kilogiram 1.1, karamin iri-iri yana da nauyin da bai wuce gram 450 ba, kodayake kuma akwai daidaikun tsuntsaye masu nauyin kilogiram 2.
Babban shugaban mai kusurwa uku tare da kambi mai kaifi da babban baki mai kaifi, mai faɗi a gindin kuma yana taɓarwa zuwa ƙarshen, ya tsaya a jikin gogol mai ɗoki. A lokaci guda, wuyan misali ne na agwagwa - ba mai ƙarfi ba kuma gajere ne.
Launin ducks na maza daban-daban: yayin lokacin saduwa, maza tsuntsaye gogol a hoto suna kama da babban, bakin baƙar a saman kansa ya sami ƙararren ƙarfe mai haske, wani farin tabo na zagaye na yau da kullun ya bayyana a gindin beken. Hakanan idanun suna canzawa - iris ɗin ya zama rawaya mai haske, launin bakin baki yayi duhu.
Ciki, bangarorin da nono na tsuntsun suna da farin farin dusar ƙanƙara, an kawata kafadu da murhun fuka-fukan fari da fari. Bayan baya, kamar jela, baƙi ne, amma fuka-fukan an zana su baƙi da launin ruwan kasa. Legsafaffun lemu suna da membran ruwan kasa masu duhu, waɗanda ke taimaka wa tsuntsu ya kasance da tabbaci a ƙafafunsa.
Mace ba ta da haske sosai: labulenta ba shi da wata ma'ana ta daban, jiki yana da launin toka-ruwan kasa, kai mai ruwan kasa da wuya tare da farin zobe na gashin fuka-fukai sun fita dabam da bayanta. Fukafukan mata da na mata kusan iri ɗaya ne, kuma a lokacin bazara, idan maza suka rasa hasken labulensu, zai zama da wahala a rarrabe tsakanin tsuntsaye masu jinsi daban-daban.
Irin
Gogol tsuntsu ne mai wuya duk da haka, akwai nau'ikan waɗannan nau'ikan ducks a yanayi, sun sha bamban a girman jiki:
- talakawa galibi ana samunsu a mazaunin ƙasa. Launi yana da bambanci, ya bambanta tsakanin maza da mata kuma ya dogara da yanayi: a lokacin bazara, drake ya zama mai haske, don haka yana jan agwagin. Bayan lokacin haihuwa, sai ya zubda ciki kuma ya zama ba za a iya bambanta shi da mace ba. Abu ne mai ban sha'awa cewa wasu masana kimiyya sun rarrabe rabe-raben gogol guda biyu - Ba'amurke da Eurasia, suna laakari da nauyi da girman baki azaman sifofi daban-daban. Koyaya, an yarda da hukuma don yin la'akari da irin waɗannan bambance-bambancen kawai kamar tasirin abubuwan da ke cikin muhalli, kuma nau'ikan halittu ne;
- karami kwatankwacin wakilin talaka na jinsin, amma mafi girman girman. Bayan maza masu launin baki ne, ciki da bangarorin fararen-dusar ƙanƙara ne, mata suna da launin toka, mara ma'ana, tare da ɗanɗano mai launin ruwan kasa a baya;
- Icelandic kwatankwacin na kowa, tsuntsayen jinsi daban-daban da shekarunsu a waje da lokacin auratayya basu da wuyar rarrabewa. Da farkon bazara, Icelander tana canza launi: gashin tsuntsaye masu launin shuɗi sun bayyana a kai, kuma siffar ta mai kusurwa uku an ma fi banbanta da farin tabo mai gefuna kewaye. Bakin lemu mai duhu ya zama baƙi-launin ruwan kasa.
Maza na kowane jinsi sun fi mata girma, kuma fikafikan babban tsuntsu ya kai cm 85. Gogol daidai yake shawagi a kan ruwa yana yin iyo da sauri, amma yana da damuwa a ƙasa.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Gogol tsuntsayen ƙaura ne; yana damuna kudu ko kudu maso yamma na wurin gida, yana fifita bakin teku ko manyan ruwa. Amma don tsarin gidajan gida, agwagwa galibi suna zaɓar gandun daji masu ɗimbin yawa, amma kuma ana iya samun su a cikin dashen bishiyoyi na Turai da Asiya, ƙananan mazauna suna zaune a Arewacin Amurka.
Yankin arewa maso yamma na Turai ya zama wurin zama ga wasu mambobin jinsunan. Nau'in tsuntsayen Iceland yana kusa da koguna, tabkuna da dazuzzuka na Iceland da Greenland. Ana samun wasu mutane a arewa maso yammacin Amurka da Labrador.
Smallarami gogol yana zaune kawai a arewacin yankin Arewacin Amurka, a lokacin hunturu yana motsawa zuwa babban yankin yafi zuwa Mexico. Sun zauna a kusa da kananan wuraren shan ruwa, suna gujewa wuraren bude tundra.
Wurin da aka fi so musamman don yin sheƙa tsohon rami ne a cikin akwatin itace, saboda haka, a tsakanin talakawa, galibi ana kiran gogol ɗin akwatin gida, amma tsuntsu ba ya ƙyamar zama a cikin kabarin dabbobi. Ducks na iya yin gida a tsayi har zuwa mita 15, amma wannan yana rikitar da horar da zuriya.
Mace a bayyane tana saukowa zuwa ƙasa kuma, ta tsaya kusa da itacen, ta kira kaji. Duananan yara duwatsu daban-daban suna tsalle daga cikin gida suna yin tafiya a kan fikafikan su, suna saukowa a kan tabarma mai laushi na pine ko gansakuka.
Gogol yana da mummunan hali kuma yana afkawa waɗanda suka sami kansu kusa da gida. A lokacin daddawa, tsuntsaye suna sadarwa tare da juna tare da kuka na musamman, wanda galibi ake kuskurewa da kumburi.
Gina Jiki
Duck gogol na tsuntsayen ganima ne, tushen abincinta ya kunshi mazaunan ruwa: kananan kifi, kayan kwalliya, kwadi. Ducks ba sa kyamar larvae na kwari da soyayyen kifi. Mafarauta sun lura cewa naman agwagwa yana wari da kifi da laka.
A hanyar, na ƙarshe an haɗa shi a cikin menu na tsire-tsire na gogols, kazalika da tsire-tsire masu girma a zurfin tafki da hatsi da ambaliyar ruwa, bayan haka tsuntsun ya shiga cikin ruwa. Duck zai iya ciyarwa har zuwa mintuna da yawa a zurfin mita 4-10 don neman abinci, sannan yawo kan ruwa saman sannan yayi liyafa akan samu.
Musamman ma wadatattu a cikin abinci wurare ne da galibi ruwa ke ambaliya - ƙananan ɓacin rai a cikin teku ko yankunan ƙasa kusa da rafi - inda agwagwa galibi ke samun tsutsotsi ko tsutsa, tsuntsaye da ƙwai na dabbobi masu rarrafe, alal misali, kadangaru, ba sa gujewa.
A lokacin kaka, gogol yana cinye abincin tsirrai fiye da sauran lokutan - ta wannan hanyar agwagwan suna shirya lokacin hunturu lokacin da masu mola da crustaceans zasu wakilci abincin su.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Gogol ya kai ga balagar jima'i a shekara 2, namiji daga wannan lokacin yana fara neman mace don haifuwa. Yana faruwa ne a makonnin ƙarshe na hunturu, kuma a lokacin bazara waɗanda aka kafa sun fara neman wuri don yin gida. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa gogols ba su da faɗa tsakanin maza don agwagwa, akasin haka, drakes suna nuna halaye na gari ne na mata kuma suna "kula da" mata.
Wasannin wasan gogols raye-raye ne: namiji ya jefa kansa baya kuma ya ɗaga baki, yana yin ƙaramar kara. Yin aure yana faruwa a kan ruwa kuma yana tare da adadi mai yawa na fesawa wanda ya samar da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa kusa da namiji kuma ya ja hankalin mace.
Duck din ya samarda gida da kansa kuma bayan hadi ya sanya kwai 4-20 a wurin kuma ya hada su shi kadai: bayan lokacin saduwa, namiji yakan fara canza launin jikinsa. Duck yana kula da gida tare da gashinsa da na ƙasa - saboda haka, ƙwai ƙwai ƙyanƙyashe za a iya sauƙaƙa ta hanyar rashin fuka-fuka a kan kirji da gefuna.
Mahaifiyar mai ciki tana samun abinci ta hanyar shagaltar da kanta daga ƙyanƙyashe, amma ba a cikin kwanaki 10 na ƙarshe ba, lokacin da agwagwa ke rarrabewa a ƙwai. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa mata biyu na iya yin ƙwai a gurbi ɗaya, yayin da gaba ɗaya ba sa aiki tare da juna - kowannensu ya ƙyanƙyashe ƙwan nasa kuma ya bar mazaunin, ba tare da la’akari da cewa ko wani agarin yana wurin ba.
Jimlar lokacin tsakanin hadi da ƙyanƙyashewar ɗan agwagwa wata guda ne, kajin gogol tuni daga haihuwa suna da murfin mai fari da fari, kuma kwanaki 2-3 bayan haihuwa sun fara barin gida kuma suna yin ƙoƙarinsu na farko don tashi.
Lokacin da uwarta ta cika sati guda, sai ta kai yaran agwagwar ta koyar da su yadda za su sami abinci da kansu. Kajin 'yan watanni biyu sun sami' yanci kuma suna iya yin nisa da tafiya, suna matsawa zuwa gabar manyan ruwa.
Duk da cewa gogol na da kyakyawan kariya, kuma kajinsu da wuya suna mutuwa saboda cututtuka, rayuwar waɗannan tsuntsaye gajere ne. A karkashin yanayin yanayi mai kyau, agwagi na iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru 6-7, amma an rubuta shekaru masu shekaru yana da shekaru 14.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
- Iris na zinare na idanun gogol, wanda za'a iya rarrabe shi da banbancin launin kai, ya ba agwagwa, a fassarar daga Turanci, sunan lacewing talakawa.
- A cikin 80s na karnin da ya gabata, gogol an lasafta shi a cikin Red Book saboda ƙarancin lambarta, amma yawanta ba kawai an kiyaye shi ba, amma kuma ya karu ta hanyar kiwo a cikin abubuwan da aka kirkira.
- Gogol tsuntsu ne mai kyauta, a gonakin da ake kiworsu, agwagwa sun keɓe daga wasu tsuntsayen kuma, idan za ta yiwu, a sarrafa aikin ciyarwa da kula da su ta atomatik, tun da tsuntsayen ba sa son sa hannun mutum a rayuwarsu, tsawon lokacin da suke cikin bauta ya ragu zuwa shekaru 5-7. Kuma abun cikin gogol ba za a iya kiran sa mai sauki ba - yana buƙatar samun ruwa mara iyaka, ƙaramar pebbles mai laushi da yashi mai yashi. Ana ciyar da agwagin cikin gida da sabon kifi, iri na musamman na buckwheat da sha'ir, an jike shi da ruwa sosai.
- Sababbin agwagwayen da aka kyankyashe suna iya yin tsalle daga cikin gida, wanda yake a tsawan mita 15, suna bin mahaifiyarsu kuma basu wahala ko kadan.
- Wani lokaci namiji yakan zauna kusa da gida na tsawon kwanaki 5-8 bayan mace ta yi ƙwai, kawai yana kiyaye zuriya ta gaba, amma baya shiga cikin shiryawa kuma baya kawo abinci ga agwagwa.
Gogol farauta
Yawancin lokaci, farauta don agwagwar ruwa tana farawa a cikin kaka kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa bazara, lokacin da lokacin tsuntsaye ke farawa. Koyaya, gogol banda ne: naman ba shi da ɗanɗano kuma yana da ƙanshin kifi, kuma nauyin bayan an cire shi ƙanƙane - wani lokacin gram 250-300, don haka mafarauta ba sa son tsuntsu.
Idan aka ci agwagwa irin wannan, to gawar tana tsarkake gaba ɗaya daga fata da kitse mai ɗanɗano, an jiƙa ta a cikin marinade aƙalla yini ɗaya, sannan a dafa ko a soya a wuta - miyar gogol ta zama ba ta da ɗanɗano kuma tana da ƙiba sosai. Amma ƙasa da gashin fuka-fuka na waɗannan agwagwan suna da dumi da laushi, musamman a lokacin bazara, don haka akwai waɗanda ke son harba gogol.
Mata tsuntsaye gogol a bazara kariya daga kisan kai - An ba da izinin farauta ne kawai a kan drakes, amma an hana ko da tsoratar da agwagwa, saboda suna haifar da kwai, don haka yin yawo a wuraren da yayan gida ya kamata ya kasance tare da bindiga mai zafin nama.
Mafi yawanci, ana amfani da agwagin yaudara don farautar gogol - suna jan hankalin mazan da suka fito daga cikin sandar jejin kuma suka shigo fagen kallon mafarautan da ke cikin kwale-kwalen da ke kusa da rafin.
Daga cikin tsoffin Slav, gogol rut ana ɗauke shi da nau'in kama kifi na musamman - ya ƙunshi tattara ƙasa da ƙwai a wuraren da mata suke. Qwai suna da girma, galibi suna da yolks biyu kuma suna da kyau a ci, amma masu gina jiki ba sa ba da shawarar cin su saboda yawan abubuwan kalori.
Kyakkyawan agwagwar ruwa na nau'in Gogol ya kasance koyaushe yana da sha'awa ga masana ilimin ɗabi'a, halayenta na ɗabi'a da ba'a saba gani ba ga maƙwabta mafi kusa da kuma abubuwan da ke faruwa na canjin ɗumbin ruwa a cikin maza suna jan hankalin masu bincike.
Wani lokaci da suka wuce, saboda shaharar da tsuntsayen da ke cikin wannan nau'in suka yi, sun kasance a kan kusan ƙarewa, amma tare da haɗin gwiwar masana kimiyya daga ƙasashen CIS, yana yiwuwa a dawo da yawan gogol. A cikin Belarus a cikin 2016, wannan duck ya sami lambar yabo a cikin rukunin "Tsuntsaye na Shekarar", a wannan lokacin an ba da tambura kuma an yi amfani da tsabar tunawa da hoton gogol, kuma farautarsa ba ta da iyaka.
