Shin kun taɓa yin mamakin waɗanne tsuntsaye ake kira tsuntsaye? Yin hukunci da sunayen waɗanda suka iya waƙa. Amma ya zama ba sauki. Amma kar mu kiyaye makircin. Songbirds suna gama gari ne ga tsuntsayen da zasu iya yin sautuka masu daɗi. Gabaɗaya, akwai kusan nau'ikan 5000, waɗanda dubu 4 daga cikinsu suna cikin umarnin passerines.
Songbirds na Rasha sun kai kusan nau'ikan ɗari uku daga iyalai 28. Mafi karami shi ne ƙwaro mai kalar rawaya, wanda nauyinsa ya kai 5-6g, kuma mafi girma shi ne hankaka, mai nauyin kilogram ɗaya da rabi. Shin kuna mamaki? Ko kuma, a ganinku, sautunan sa ba na lada ba ne? Don haka bari mu gano wanene kuma me yasa masana kimiyyar halittu suke kira tsuntsaye.
Yaya ake kirkirar sauti?
Ba kamar tsuntsaye na yau da kullun ba, tsuntsaye suna da syrinx - hadadden tsari ne na makogwaro kasa, wanda yake da tsoka guda bakwai. Wannan gabar tana cikin kirji, a kasan karshen trachea, kusa da zuciya. Syrinx ya ƙunshi tushen sauti daban a cikin kowane bronchus. Vocalization yawanci yakan faru a yayin fitar da numfashi ta hanyar matsar da medial da kuma gefe gefe a ƙarshen kwancen. Bangwayen bangarori ne na lalatattun kayan haɗi waɗanda, lokacin da aka gabatar da iska, suna haifar da rawar jiki wanda ke haifar da sauti. Kowane ɗayan tsokoki yana ƙarƙashin kulawar kwakwalwa, wanda ke ba tsuntsayen ikon sarrafa kayan aikin murya.
Mafi yawancin tsuntsaye suna da ƙarami zuwa matsakaici a cikin girma, suna da laushi mai laushi da launuka masu yawa. Bakin bakin ba shi da kakin zuma. A cikin wakilan kwari, yawanci bakin ciki ne, mai lankwasa. A cikin granivores, yana da kwalliya da ƙarfi.
Me yasa tsuntsaye suke waka?
A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, maza ne kawai ke raira waƙa don yawancin waƙoƙin waƙoƙi. Sahihan aiki yana tattare da dumbin kalubalen sadarwa. Mafi kyawu kuma mai daɗi shine rairayin maza a lokacin saduwa. An yi imanin cewa yin hakan yana nuna a shirye yake ya sadu da mace kuma ya gargaɗi abokan hamayya cewa matar tana aiki a wannan yankin. A madadin haka, masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa maza suna amfani da waƙa don sa matan sha'awar.
Akwai alamomi daban daban da ke sanar da wasu mazan game da mamayar yankin kasashen waje. Sau da yawa ana maye gurbin waƙa da faɗa na zahiri, wanda a cikin sa sai a kori abokin hamayyar da ba a so.
A wasu jinsunan tsuntsaye, duk abokan tarayyar suna waka, wannan ya shafi waɗanda suke da launi ɗaya ko ƙirƙirar ma'aurata don rayuwa. Mai yiwuwa, wannan shine yadda haɗin su yake haɓaka, sadarwa tare da kajin da sauran mutane ke faruwa. Yawancin yawancin ciyawar suna da waƙoƙin "tashi".
Sautukan tsuntsaye
Duk da yake waƙoƙin waƙoƙi sun haɗa da mawaƙa masu kyau, kamar su dare ko kuma birgima, wasu suna da tsawa, muryoyin da ba su dace ba ko kaɗan. Gaskiyar ita ce, nau'ikan tsuntsaye daban-daban suna da halaye daban-daban da kuma yawan sauti, wanda kowane jinsi ke haɗe shi zuwa karin waƙoƙin da ke tare da shi kawai. Wasu tsuntsaye an iyakance su ga notesan bayanan kaɗan, wasu suna ƙarƙashin cikakkun octaves. Tsuntsayen da wakar su ke da wani karamin sauti, alal misali, gwara da aka tayar koda a cikin fursuna, bayan sun kai wani shekaru, sun fara waka kamar yadda ake tsammani. Arin waƙoƙi masu hazaka, kamar su dare, tabbas za su koyi wannan fasahar daga wurin theiran uwansu maza.
An kafa hujja mai ban sha'awa, wanda ke nuna cewa raira waƙoƙin tsuntsaye masu kama da juna ya sha bamban sosai, kuma a cikin waɗanda suka bambanta a zahiri, yana iya zama kama. Wannan fasalin yana hana tsuntsaye yayin wasannin mating daga saduwa da wakilan wani jinsin.
Songbirds na Rasha
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, akwai kusan waƙoƙin kiɗa 300 a yankin Tarayyar Rasha. Ana samunsu ko'ina. Idan kun kalli yankin, to a zahiri, ba kowa ne yake dacewa da ɗaya ko wani yanayin yanayin yanayi ba. Wani yana son gangaren dutsen, wasu kuma daɗaɗan tsaunuka.
Mafi yawan wakilai na larks, wagtails, waxwings, blackbirds, titmice, buntings, starlings and finches:
Lark
Haɗa
Wagtail
Turawa
Malamar dare
Robin
Jirgin sama
Dan wasa
Oriole
Hankaka
Jackdaw
Jay
Magpie
An jera wasu nau'in a cikin Littafin Ja kuma suna cikin haɗari. Waɗannan sun haɗa da mai farautar aljanna, manyan tsabar kuɗi, farautar Yankovsky, titin da aka zana da sauransu.
