A kudu da yankin yankin gandun daji na arctic akwai kyakkyawan yanki mara kyau ba tare da gandun daji ba, dogon rani da dumi - tundra. Yanayin wannan yanayi yana da kyau ƙwarai da gaske kuma galibi fari-fari ne. Lokacin sanyi na iya kaiwa -50⁰С. Hunturu a cikin tundra yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni 8; akwai kuma daren maraice. Yanayin tundra ya banbanta, kowane tsirrai da dabba sun dace da yanayin sanyi da sanyi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da yanayin tundra
- A lokacin ɗan gajeren lokacin rani, yanayin tundra yana ɗumi a matsakaici da rabin mita a zurfin.
- Akwai gulbin ruwa da tabkuna da yawa a cikin tundra, saboda ruwa daga ƙasa yana hucewa a hankali saboda yanayin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun.
- Akwai nau'ikan gansakuka daban-daban a cikin filayen tundra. Yawancin lichen da yawa zasu narke anan, abinci ne da aka fi so don mai-sakewa cikin lokacin sanyi.
- Saboda tsananin sanyi, akwai 'yan bishiyoyi a cikin wannan yanayi, galibi ba a sanya tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, tunda ba a jin iska mai sanyi kusa da ƙasa.
- A lokacin rani, yawancin swans, cranes da geese suna tashi zuwa tundra. Suna ƙoƙari su sami zuriya da sauri don samun lokacin kiwon kaji kafin lokacin sanyi ya zo.
- Ana binciken ma'adinai, mai da gas a cikin tundra. Hanyoyi da sufuri don aiwatar da aiki sun keta ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar shuke-shuke, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga rayuwar dabbobi.
Babban nau'in tundra
Tundra yawanci ana raba shi zuwa yankuna uku:
- Arctic tundra.
- Tsakiyar tundra.
- Kudancin tundra.
Arctic tundra
Yanayin arctic tundra yana da yanayi mai tsananin sanyi da iska mai sanyi. Jumlar sanyi da sanyi. Duk da wannan, a cikin yanayin arctic tundra rayuwa:
- like;
- walrus;
- like;
- Farin beyar;
- musk sa;
- garma;
- kerkeci;
- Dawakan Arctic;
- kurege
Yawancin wannan yankin suna cikin Yankin Arctic. Siffar halayyar wannan yanki ita ce cewa ba ya yin dogayen bishiyoyi. A lokacin rani dusar kankara sashinta ya narke kuma ya samar da kananan fadama.
Tsakiyar tundra
Matsakaici ko hankula tundra cike da wadataccen kayan mosses. Mai yawa sedge yana tsiro a cikin wannan yanayin; maguna suna son ciyar da shi a lokacin hunturu. Tunda yanayi a tsakiyar tundra ya fi na arctic tundra sauki, dwarf birches da Willows sun bayyana a ciki. Tsakiyar tundra kuma gida ne na mosses, lichens da ƙananan shrubs. Yawancin beraye da yawa suna rayuwa a nan, mujiya da dawakai na arctic suna ciyar da su. Saboda bogs a cikin hankula tundra, akwai mai yawa midges da sauro. Ga mutane, ana amfani da wannan yankin don kiwo. Lokacin bazara mai sanyi da damuna basa bada izinin yin noma anan.
Kudancin tundra
Kudancin tundra ana kiransa "gandun daji" saboda yana kan iyaka da yankin daji. Wannan yankin ya fi sauran yankuna dumama. A cikin mafi tsananin watan bazara, yanayin yakan isa + 12⁰С tsawon makonni da yawa. A kudancin tundra, kowane bishiyoyi ko gandun daji na ƙananan tsiro ko birch suna girma. Amfanin gandun daji tundra ga mutane shine cewa tuni ya yiwu a shuka kayan lambu, kamar su dankali, kabeji, radishes da koren albasa. Yagel da sauran shuke-shuke da aka fi so suna girma a nan da sauri fiye da sauran yankuna na tundra, sabili da haka, dabbobin dawa sun fi son yankunan kudu.
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