Tsarin halittu na Arctic yana da rauni, amma yanayin yanayin hamadar Arctic yana shafar yanayin duniya gabaɗaya, don haka lokacin da duk wata matsala ta faru a nan, mutane a sassa daban-daban na duniya na iya jin su. Matsalolin muhalli na hamadar arctic sun bar tasirinsu ga muhalli gabaɗaya.
Babban matsaloli
Kwanan nan, yankin gandun daji na arctic yana fuskantar canje-canje na duniya saboda tasirin anthropogenic. Wannan ya haifar da matsalolin muhalli masu zuwa a cikin Arctic:
- Iceanƙarar kankara. Kowace shekara zafin jiki yakan hauhawa, canjin yanayi yana raguwa kuma yankin glaciers yana raguwa, saboda haka yanki na yankuna na hamadar Arctic yana raguwa sosai, wanda zai iya haifar da bacewar sa gaba daya, bacewar nau'in dabbobi da dabbobi masu yawa.
- Gurbatar iska. Yawan iska na Arctic yana gurɓacewa, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ruwan sama na ruwan acid da ramuka na ozone. Wannan yana da mummunan tasiri ga rayuwar kwayoyin halitta. Wata hanyar gurɓatar iska a cikin hamadar Arctic ita ce jigilar da ke aiki a nan, musamman lokacin hakar ma'adinai.
- Gurɓatar ruwan Arctic tare da kayan mai, ƙarfe masu nauyi, abubuwa masu guba, ɓarnatar da sansanonin soja na bakin teku da jiragen ruwa. Duk wannan yana lalata tsarin halittu na hamada
- Raguwar yawan dabbobi da tsuntsaye. Raguwar yawancin halittu ya faru ne saboda tsananin ayyukan mutane, jigilar kaya, ruwa da gurbatacciyar iska
- Gudanar da kamun kifi da kayan abincin teku suna haifar da gaskiyar cewa wakilai daban-daban na duniyar dabbobi ba su da isasshen kifi da ƙaramin katako na abinci, kuma suna mutuwa saboda yunwa. Hakanan yana haifar da gushewar wasu nau'in kifi.
- Canje-canje a cikin mazaunin halittu daban-daban. Bayyanar mutum cikin faɗuwar hamadar Arctic, haɓaka ci gaba da amfani da wannan yanayin halittar yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa yanayin rayuwa na yawancin jinsin duniyar dabbobi ya canza. An tilasta wa wasu wakilai canza mahallansu, sun zaɓi mafaka mafi aminci da ƙarin mafaka. Sarkar abinci ma ta lalace
Wannan jeri bai iyakance yawan matsalolin muhalli a yankin hamadar Arctic ba. Waɗannan sune manyan matsalolin muhalli na duniya, amma akwai kuma wasu ƙananan, na gida, waɗanda ba ƙananan masu haɗari ba. Wajibi ne ga mutane su sarrafa ayyukansu kuma ba halakar da yanayin Arctic ba, amma don taimakawa dawo da shi. A ƙarshe, duk matsalolin gandun daji na Arctic yana shafar yanayin duniya gaba ɗaya.
Kare yanayin hamadar arctic
Tunda yanayin halittu na hamadar Arctic ya sami mummunar tasiri daga mutane, yana buƙatar kiyaye shi. Ta hanyar inganta yanayin Arctic, ilimin halittu na duk duniya zai inganta sosai.
Daga cikin mahimman matakai don kiyaye yanayin sune:
- samuwar mulki na musamman don amfani da albarkatun kasa;
- sa ido kan yanayin gurbata muhalli;
- maido da shimfidar wurare;
- halittar tanadin yanayi;
- sake amfani;
- matakan tsaro;
- karuwar yawan dabbobi da tsuntsaye;
- sarrafa kamun kifi na kasuwanci da ayyukan farauta a ƙasa.
Wadannan abubuwan ba wai kawai masu kula da muhalli ne ke aiwatar da su ba, har ma da jihar ke sarrafa su, kuma hukumomin kasashe daban-daban suna ci gaba da shirye-shirye na musamman. Kari akan haka, akwai kungiyar bada amsa kai tsaye da ke aiki a yayin hadurra iri-iri, masifu, na dabi'a da na mutum, don kawar da hankalin matsalar muhalli a cikin lokaci.
Yi aiki don kare yanayin halittu na Arctic
Hadin kan kasa da kasa na da matukar mahimmanci don kiyaye yanayin hamadar Arctic. Ya ƙara ƙaruwa a farkon shekarun 1990. Don haka wasu ƙasashe a Arewacin Amurka da Arewacin Turai suka fara aiki tare don kare tsarin halittun Arctic. A cikin 1990, an kafa Kwamitin Kimiyyar Arctic na Duniya don wannan dalili, kuma a cikin 1991, Forumungiyar Arewa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an kirkiro dabaru don kare yankin Arctic, duka yankunan ruwa da ƙasa.
Baya ga wadannan kungiyoyi, akwai kuma wani kamfanin hada-hadar kudi da ke ba da tallafi na kudi ga kasashen Gabas da Tsakiyar Turai don magance matsalolin muhalli. Akwai ƙungiyoyi na ƙasashe da yawa waɗanda ke aiki don magance wata matsala:
- kiyaye yawan polar bear;
- yaƙi da gurɓatar da Tekun Chukchi;
- Tekun Bering;
- gudanar da amfani da albarkatu na yankin Arctic.
Tunda yankin hamadar Arctic yanki ne wanda yake shafar yanayin duniya sosai, dole ne a kula da kiyaye wannan yanayin halittar. Kuma wannan ba gwagwarmaya ba ce kawai don kara yawan dabbobi, tsuntsaye da kifi. Hadaddun matakan kare muhalli sun hada da tsarkake wuraren ruwa, yanayi, rage amfani da albarkatu, kula da ayyukan wasu kamfanoni da sauran abubuwa. Rayuwa a cikin Arctic ya dogara da wannan, kuma, sakamakon haka, yanayin duniya.
Kuma a ƙarshe, muna gayyatarku don kallon bidiyo mai ilimantarwa game da hamada Arctic
