Wannan hamada tana dauke da tsohuwar hamada a wannan duniyar tamu, ta samo asali ne tun lokacin da dinosaur suka rayu har yanzu a doron duniyar (kimanin shekaru miliyan tamanin da suka gabata). A yaren mutanen Nama, "Namib" na nufin "wurin da babu komai." Namib yana da fadin fili kusan muraba'in mita dubu dari. km
Yanayi
Ana ɗaukar hamada mai hazo a matsayin hamada mafi bushewa da sanyi a duniyarmu. A lokacin shekara, danshi yana faduwa daga milimita 13 kawai (a yankin bakin teku) zuwa milimita 52 a iyakar gabas. Matsayin mai ƙa'ida, waɗannan gajeren lokaci ne, amma shawa mai nauyi ƙwarai. A cikin 'yan shekaru, babu hazo da ke faruwa kwata-kwata.
A gefen bakin hamada, zafin jiki da wuya ya sauka zuwa da digiri goma, amma ya tashi sama da digiri goma sha shida. Sabili da haka, a ɓangaren bakin teku, kusan babu wani bambanci a yanayin zafin iska tsakanin bazara da hunturu, da rana da dare. Kusa da sashin tsakiya, iska mai iska mai sanyi tana rasa sanyinta mai ba da rai, kuma yanayin zafin yana da saurin + 31 digiri. A ƙasan canyons, zazzabin na iya hawa zuwa + digiri 38. Da dare, zazzabi a cikin ɓangaren tsakiya na iya sauka zuwa sifili.
Godiya ga wannan yanayi na musamman a Namib, ana fitar da raɓa mai yawa da safe.
Shuke-shuke
Daya daga cikin wakilai masu ban mamaki na flora mai ban sha'awa shine velvichia.
Velvichia
Wannan tsiron babu irinsa domin yana iya rayuwa a cikin irin wannan mummunan yanayin hamada. Duk tsawon rayuwarta (wanda, ta hanya, zai iya kaiwa dubunnan shekaru ko sama da haka), Velvichia yana samar da manyan ganyaye biyu, amma bai wuce mita uku ba, amma tushen wannan tsire-tsire mai ban mamaki ya kai ruwa zuwa zurfin kusan mita uku. Velvichia ta rayu a cikin irin wannan yanayi mai bushewa ta amfani da danshi daga hazo da raɓa. Wannan tsire-tsire mai ban mamaki daidai ya ɗauki matsayinsa na daraja a kan rigar makamai na Namibia.
Wani kuma daga cikin wakilan Namib mai haske shine itacen kwari (tsiron aloe).
Itatuwa
Itacen yana girma har zuwa mita tara tsayi, tare da santsin akwati da rassa kusan kusan a tsaye zuwa sama tare da shuɗar ganyen kore. A baya, ana yin kibiya da kibiyoyi daga gare ta.
A kan dunes na Namib akwai wani tsire-tsire mai ban sha'awa - acanthositsios bristled (nara ko guna hamada).
Acantosicios bristled
Wannan tsiron mai ban mamaki bashi da ganye kwata-kwata, amma doguwa da kayoyi masu kaifi (sun kai tsawon santimita 3). Bawo mai ƙarfi kuma mai ɗorewa (sulke) yana kiyaye ɗanɗano da ɓangaren litattafan almara mai ɗaci daga ƙanshin danshi. Duk mazaunan hamada suna jin daɗin 'ya'yan wannan tsiron. Kuma ga yawan jama'ar yankin, guna hamada kusan shine babban tushen abinci a cikin shekara.
Dabbobi
Fauna na Namib Desert ya ɗan bambanta. Dabbar da aka fi sani a cikin hamada ita ce oryx, ko kuma aka fi sani da suna oryx antelope, yanayin jimiri da tawali'u. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa oryx ya kasance a saman rigar makamai na Namibia.
Oryx (irin kwarkwata)
A arewacin Namib, giwayen Afirka suna rayuwa, mafi yawan tsuntsayen da ke duniya - jimina na Afirka, jakunan daji, karkanda, sarkin namun daji (zakuna), jackals da kuraye.
Giwar Afirka
Jimina ta Afirka
Alfadari
Karkanda
zaki
Jakarwa
Kuraye
Guraren hamada suna rayuwa ne ta hanyar tururuwa, rafuffukan hanya (wanda ke iya nemowa da tono gizo-gizo daga cikin burminsa, wanda zurfinsa ya kai santimita hamsin), da sauro. Namib gida ne ga gizo-gizo mai zagaye na zinariya. Lokacin da haɗari ya bayyana, wannan gizo-gizo yana birgima cikin ƙwallo yana birgima a cikin saurin juyi arba'in da huɗu a kowane dakika. Gizo-gizo ya tilastawa cikin wannan tserewa ta hanyar hanyar jirgi, wanda ke farauta don ƙwai a jikinsa.
Wani mai ban mamaki mazaunin yashin Namib shine kyautar zinariya ta Grant. Tsawon wannan dabba santimita 9 ne kawai.
Gecko na Namibia da macijin wutsiya, masu saurin gudu zuwa kilomita goma a kowace awa, suna tafiya cikin duniyoyin yashi cikin sauƙi.
Yankin bakin teku na Namib yana da wadataccen kifi. Anan, yawancin adadi suna sauka a cikin rookery, waɗanda ke hutawa da tserewa daga masu farauta. Don haka a yalwace akwai wakilan fuka-fuka na fauna - cormorants, flamingos, pelicans.
Cormorant
Flamingo
Pelikan
Wuri
Sandshi na Namib ya shimfida kan tekun Atlantika tsawon kilomita dubu da dari tara. n. Namib ya samo asali ne daga garin Mosamedish (Angola), yana ratsa dukkan yankin ƙasar Namibia zuwa rafin. Elefantes (Lardin Cape na Afirka ta Kudu). Daga gabar tekun da ke zurfafa zuwa Afirka, Namib yana tafiya kilomita 50 - 160 zuwa ƙasan Babban Ledge. A kudu, hamadar Namib ta shiga hamadar Kalahari.
Taswirar Hamada
Saukakawa
Saukowar Hamada Namib yana da ɗan gangara zuwa gabas. A ƙasan Babban Ledge, tsayin yankin ya kai mita 900. A wasu wurare, duwatsu masu duwatsu suna tashi sama da rairayi, da kwazazzabai waɗanda suke da tuddai masu tsayi.
Mafi yawan kudancin Namib yashi ne (rawaya-ruwan toka da tubali-ja). Dunes na yashi sun miƙa har zuwa kilomita ashirin a layi ɗaya da bakin teku. Tsayin dunes ya kai mita ɗari biyu da arba'in.
Yankin arewacin Namib galibi yanki ne mai duwatsu da duwatsu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
- A cikin Namib akwai tsirrai masu tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda suka kai kimanin shekaru 2500, kuma gangar jikin ta fi mita a faɗi.
- Hamada sannu a hankali tana mamaye fatalwar garin Kolmanskop, wanda ya samo asali yayin hawan lu'u-lu'u shekaru hamsin da suka gabata.
- Daga cikin yashi mara iyaka shine mafi girman sanannen dune a duniya - "Dune 7". Tana da tsayin mita dari uku da tamanin da uku.
- Wurin da ake kira "Skeleton Coast" yana gabar bakin hamada. A zahiri, wannan makabartar jiragen ruwa ne da suka lalace. Wasu jiragen ruwa suna kwance a nesa mai nisa daga saman ruwa (kimanin mita 500).
- A cikin yankin Namib akwai wuri mai ban mamaki - Dunes na Roaring na Terrace Bay. A karkashin wasu sharuda, wani kukan da ke kururuwa mai karfi da ke tashi a kan rairayi, wanda ke tuna da sautin injin injin jet.
