Reindeer mai shayarwa ne daga gidan barewa ko Cervidae, wanda ya haɗa da barewa, dawa, da kuma wapiti. Kamar waɗansu a cikin danginsu, dabbobin dawa suna da dogayen ƙafafu, kofato, da ƙaho. An sami yawan jama'a a cikin arctic tundra da kuma kusa da gandun daji boreal na Greenland, Scandinavia, Russia, Alaska da Kanada. Akwai nau'ikan iri biyu ko tsinkaye: tundra deer da deer daji. Tundra deer suna yin ƙaura tsakanin tundra da gandun daji a cikin ɗumbin garken dabbobin da yawansu ya kai rabin miliyan a cikin zagayowar shekara-shekara, suna rufe yanki har zuwa 5000 km2. Barewa daji sun fi yawa.
A Arewacin Amurka, ana kiran barewa caribou, a Turai - reindeer.
Wasu masana sunyi imanin cewa barewa tana daga cikin dabbobin gida na farko. A cewar Smithsonian, an fara narkar da shi kimanin shekaru 2,000 da suka gabata. Yawancin mutanen Arctic har yanzu suna amfani da wannan dabba don abinci, tufafi da tsari daga yanayin.
Bayyanar abubuwa da sigogi
Dawa tana da ɗan ƙarami kaɗan, jiki mai tsayi, dogon wuya da ƙafafu. Maza suna girma daga 70 zuwa 135 cm a ƙeƙasasshe, yayin da tsayin duka zai iya kaiwa daga 180 zuwa 210 cm yayin aunawa daga matsakaita daga kilo 65 zuwa 240. Mata sun fi ƙanƙanta kuma sun fi kyau, tsayinsu yana jujjuyawa a yankin na 170-190 cm, kuma nauyinsu yana cikin kewayon 55-140 kg.
Ulu yana da kauri, ramin rami ne, wanda ke ba da ƙarin kariya a lokacin sanyi. Launi ya canza dangane da yanayi. A lokacin bazara, barewa na da launi fari, kuma a lokacin hunturu sukan zama ruwan kasa.
Reindeer shine dabba kawai da take da kwarjinin mata da maza. Kuma ko da yake a cikin mata sun kai 50 cm kawai, maza na iya girma, bisa ga majiyoyi daban-daban, daga 100 zuwa 140 cm, yayin da nauyin kilogram 15. Tleuƙuran barewa ba kawai a matsayin ado ba, har ma a matsayin hanyar kariya.
Reindeer kiwo
Reindeer yawanci yakan balaga kusan shekaru 4 na rayuwa. A wannan lokacin suna shirye don yin kiwo. Lokacin saduwa yana farawa a watan Oktoba kuma yana ɗaukar kwanaki 11 kawai. Tundra maza, waɗanda suka haɗu da mata a rukunin dubbai, suna da damar da za su zaɓi abokin aure don kansu kuma su guji faɗa mai tsanani da masu fafatawa kafin kaka. Kwarin daji sun fi son yin yaƙi don mace. A kowane hali, an haifi 'yan maruƙa bayan watanni 7.5 na ciki a watan Mayu ko Yuni na shekara mai zuwa. Vesavesan maru da sauri suna da nauyi, tunda madarar waɗannan dabbobin sun fi ta sauran dabbobin da yawa. Bayan wata daya, zai iya fara ciyar da kansa, amma yawanci lokacin shayarwa yakan kai watanni 5-6.
Abin takaici, rabin duk 'yan maruƙan da aka haifa sun mutu, saboda suna da sauƙin ganima ga kerkeci, lynxes da beyar. Tsammani na rayuwa kusan shekaru 15 a cikin daji, 20 a cikin fursuna.
Wurin zama da halaye
A cikin daji, ana samun barewa a Alaska, Kanada, Greenland, Arewacin Turai, da Arewacin Asiya a cikin tundra, duwatsu, da wuraren zama na gandun daji. Dangane da Encyclopedia Britannica, mazauninsu yakai 500 km2. Tundra deer hibernate a cikin gandun daji kuma ya koma cikin tundra a cikin bazara. A lokacin kaka, sun sake yin ƙaura zuwa daji.
Deer halittu ne masu son jama'a. Sabili da haka, suna rayuwa cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi daga shekaru 6 zuwa 13, kuma adadin mutane a cikin garken dabbobi na iya kaiwa daga ɗarurruwan zuwa kawunan 50,000. A lokacin bazara, adadin su yana ƙaruwa. Yin ƙaura zuwa kudanci don neman abinci a lokacin hunturu suma suna faruwa tare.
A yau akwai kusan doguwa miliyan 4.5 a duniya. Yawancinsu suna Arewacin Amurka, kuma miliyan 1 ne kawai ya faɗi akan yankin Eurasia. Wannan galibi shine arewacin Rasha. Amma a yankin arewacin Turai akwai kusan barewa miliyan 3. Har zuwa yanzu, dabbobi ne masu jan hankali don makiyayan gargajiya na Scandinavia da taiga Russia.
Ana amfani da madara da namansu a matsayin abinci, kuma ana amfani da fatansu masu dumi don yin sutura da wurin zama. Ana amfani da kaho wajen kera jabun abubuwa da daddare.
Gina Jiki
Reindeer shine ciyawar shuke-shuke, wanda ke nufin cewa suna ciyarwa ne kawai akan abincin tsirrai. Abincin rani na mai ragowa ya ƙunshi ciyawa, ɗanɗano, koren ganyen shrubs da ƙarancin bishiyoyi. A cikin kaka, suna motsawa zuwa namomin kaza da ganye. A wannan lokacin, babban barewa, a cewar gidan namun daji na San Diego, yana cin kusan kilogiram 4-8 na ciyayi kowace rana.
A lokacin hunturu, abincin ba shi da yawa, kuma ya haɗa da galibin ƙananan ƙwayoyi da mosses, waɗanda suke girba daga ƙarƙashin murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Yanayi ya tabbatar da cewa mata sun zubar da ƙaho daga baya fiye da na maza. Don haka, suna kiyaye wadatattun kayan abinci daga kutse daga waje.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
- Barewa maza sun rasa tururuwarsu a cikin Nuwamba, yayin da mata ke kiyaye su na tsawon lokaci.
- An gina barewa don tsayayya da tsananin sanyi. Hancinsu ya zafafa iskar kafin ta isa huhunsu, kuma dukkan jikinsu, haɗe da kofato, an rufe su da gashi.
- Deer na iya zuwa saurin gudu zuwa 80 km / h.
