Noma (s / x) shine mafi mahimmancin bangare na tattalin arzikin dukkan ƙasashe na duniya, kamar yadda yake samarwa mutane abinci, ɗanɗano don ƙera tufafi da kayan masaku waɗanda ake buƙata a rayuwar yau da kullun. Mutane sun fara noma ƙasar, sun yi shuka iri-iri da kiwon dabbobin gida a zamanin da, saboda haka, noma da kiwon dabbobi sana'o'in mutane ne na gargajiya.
Baya ga fa'idodi, aikin gona kuma yana da wani tasiri ga mahalli, kuma wani ɓangare mara kyau. Don irin wannan aikin, babban fa'idodin shine albarkatun ƙasa, wato, shimfidar ƙasa mai ni'ima ta ƙasa, wanda ke iya samar da mahimman amfanin ƙasa. Soilasa mai dausayi tana ba shuke-shuke ruwa da iska, abubuwa masu amfani da zafi, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga wadatar tarin albarkatu iri-iri. Gabaɗaya, aikin noma yana samar da albarkatun ƙasa don ɓangarorin tattalin arziki masu zuwa:
- masana'antar abinci;
- magunguna;
- masana'antar sinadarai;
- masana'antar haske.
Manyan matsalolin tasirin aikin gona ga muhalli
Ilimin kimiyyar halittu na masana'antar agro-masana'antu shine cewa ayyukan mutane suna shafar muhalli, kamar yadda masana'antar kanta take shafar tsarin halitta da rayuwar mutane kansu. Tunda yawan amfanin gona ya dogara da wadatar ƙasa, ana nome shi ta kowace hanya, ta amfani da kowane irin fasahar noma. Sau da yawa wannan yakan haifar da lalacewar ƙasa:
- zaizawar ƙasa;
- Hamada;
- natsuwa;
- toxification;
- asarar ƙasa saboda ci gaban abubuwan more rayuwa.
Baya ga rashin amfani da albarkatun ƙasa ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba, aikin gona yana ba da gurɓatar muhalli tare da magungunan ƙwari, ciyawar ciyawa da sauran abubuwan amfanin gona: madatsun ruwa da ruwan ƙasa, ƙasa, yanayi. Ana yin barna da yawa ga gandun daji, yayin da ake sare bishiyoyi don shuka amfanin gona a madadinsu. Duk wannan yana haifar da matsalar muhalli na sare dazuzzuka. Tunda ana amfani da tsarin gyarawa da magudanan ruwa daban-daban a cikin masana'antun masana'antu, ana keta tsarin mulki na duk sassan ruwan da ke kusa. Hakanan ana lalata wuraren zama na yawancin rayayyun halittu, kuma yanayin halittu gabaɗaya yana canzawa.
Don haka, noma yana kawo sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci ga mahalli. Wannan ya shafi dukkan abubuwanda ke tattare da yanayin halittu, daga nau'ikan bambancin ciyayi zuwa zagayen ruwa a yanayi, sabili da haka, ya zama dole ayi amfani da duk wata ma'ana da aiwatar da ayyukan muhalli.
