Bison, ko bishiyar Bature, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa a Turai. Tsayinsa ya kai kusan mita biyu, kuma nauyin maza wani lokacin yakan kai 1000 kg. Bison na Turai ya ɗan fi ƙanƙanta da takwaransa na Amurka, amma yana da tsayi mafi tsayi a ƙarƙashin wuya da goshinsa. Duk jinsi biyu suna da ƙananan ƙaho.
A yau, layukan jinsin bison guda biyu ne kawai suka rayu - Caucasian da Belovezhskiy - a sarari. Adadin yawan su ya haɗa da kusan mutane 4,000 da ke rayuwa a cikin fursuna da cikin daji. Sabili da haka, an lasafta shi azaman nau'in haɗari kuma an jera shi a cikin Littafin Ja.
Babban halaye
Bison na Turai (Bison Bonasus), kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ya fi ƙanƙantar da dangin Ba'amurke, Bison girma. Koyaya, shima yana da girma girma. Ya kamata kuma a sani cewa a tsakiyar karni na ashirin, akwai yiwuwar karkata girman wadannan dabbobi. Misali, ƙananan Bison, bisa ga bayanan da suka gabata, a baya sun kai kilogiram 1200. A yau wannan adadi ya fi ƙasa, kuma da wuya ya wuce alamar 1000 kg. Sabili da haka bari muyi la'akari da yanayin waɗannan dabbobin.
Bison Bonasus yana da:
- launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko duhu;
- tsawo har zuwa 188 cm;
- tsawon jiki - 2.1 - 3.1 m;
- tsawon wutsiya - 30-60 cm;
- nauyin mata yana canzawa a cikin radius na 300 - 540 kg;
- nauyin maza shine 430-1000 kg;
- tsawon rai a cikin bauta shekaru 30 ne;
- tsawon rai a cikin daji shine shekaru 25.
Sashin gaban jikin bison ya fi ƙarfin gaske, tare da ingantaccen kirji. Gajeren wuya da babban baya suna yin tsutsa. Mulos din karami ne, gaban goshi yana da fadi. Gajerun kunnuwa masu fadi suna boye da ciyayi mai yawa a kai. Duk jinsi biyu suna da ƙananan ƙaho.
Lokacin saduwa ya faɗi a watan Agusta - Satumba. Dangane da halinsu na aminci, bison Turai ana yawan haye shi da dabbobin gida, sakamakon abin da ya sami haɗuwa.
Mahalli na asali
Mazaunin Bison yana da daɗaɗɗen gandun daji a yawancin Turai - daga Rasha da kudancin Sweden zuwa Balkans da arewacin Spain. Hakanan zaka iya saduwa dasu a cikin gandun daji-steppe da yankuna steppe, a yankin copses. Babban mahimmin mahimmanci a nan shi ne sauyawar dazuzzuka tare da sarari, don samun kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali.
A cikin ƙarni da yawa, adadin Bison ya ƙi yayin da masu gandun daji da mafarauta suka kori waɗannan dabbobin daga mazauninsu na asali. Don haka, a cikin 1927, bishiyar Turai ta ƙarshe da aka kashe a kudancin Rasha. Zoos ya zama ceto, wanda a cikin sa akwai mutane kusan 50.
Abin farin ciki, yawan Bison a hankali ya karu tun daga wannan lokacin, kuma an mayar da garken shanu da yawa cikin daji. Yanzu ana iya samun Bison a cikin ajiyar kuɗi a cikin Poland da Lithuania, Belarus da Ukraine, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Latvia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova da Spain. An shirya shi ne don sake mamaye dabbobi a kasashen Jamus da Netherlands.
Gina Jiki
Bison cin abincin tsire. Abincin su ya banbanta kuma ya hada da nau'ikan shuka kusan 400. A lokacin rani, galibi suna ciyar da ciyawar ciyawa. Sabbin harbe-harbe da bawon bishiyoyi ana amfani dasu sau da yawa. A lokacin bazara, suna jin daɗin cin itacen. Idan abincin da suka fi so bai isa ba, za su iya cin 'ya'yan itace, namomin kaza, allura, gansakuka da lichens. A cikin hunturu, suna neman kore ragowar shuke-shuke a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, ku ci dusar ƙanƙara.
A lokacin rani, bijimin da ke girma zai iya cin abinci har zuwa kilogiram 32 ya sha kusan lita 50 na ruwa, saniya - har zuwa 23 kilogiram da lita 30.
Dabbobi sun fi son shan kowace rana. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa a lokacin hunturu za ku ga yadda Bison yake fasa dusar kankara a kan tafki da kofato domin zuwa ruwan.
Sake haifuwa da hanyar rayuwa
Lokacin kiwo na bishiyar Turai yana daga watan Agusta zuwa Oktoba. A wannan lokacin, bijimai suna da yawan faɗa da hassada. Manya suna motsawa tsakanin rukunin mata, suna neman saniya da ke shirin saduwa. Sau da yawa suna zama tare da ita don gujewa komawar mace cikin garken shanu da hana wasu mazan kusantar ta.
Lokacin daukar ciki yana dauke da kimanin watanni tara kuma akasarin 'yan maruƙa ana haihuwarsu tsakanin Mayu da Yuli. Yawancin lokaci Bison mata suna iya haihuwar ɗiya ɗaya, amma wani lokacin ma tagwaye kan faru. Calananan maruƙa suna tsayawa da ƙafafunsu bayan awowi da yawa bayan haihuwa, kuma ana yaye su daga nono suna ɗan wata 7-12.
Bison ya kai ga balagar jima'i bayan shekaru 3-4.
Sauran lokaci, Bison mata suna ajiye a rukuni na shanu 2-6 tare da 'yan maruƙa har zuwa shekaru uku. Maza yawanci suna keɓewa ko cikin ƙananan kamfanoni. Ba da haƙuri a yayin saduwa, Bison ya fi son dunkulewa cikin manyan garkunan dabbobi a cikin hunturu. Tare, ya fi musu sauƙi su tsayayya wa masu cin abincin hunturu. Gabaɗaya, bishiyar Turai ba ta da fewan magabta, kawai kerkeci da beyar na iya ƙoƙarin sake kama ɗan maraƙi daga garken. Da kyau, babban makiyin mafarauta ne, amma ya fi wahalar tabbatarwa akansu fiye da kerkeci mai yunwa.
