Tafiya ta cikin daji-tundra ko taiga a can arewacin duniya, zaku iya haɗuwa da babban gogaggen, ɗan gajeren gajere hular gashi... Jiki da fikafikan namiji an rufe su da gashin tsuntsu masu launin toka kuma sun bambanta da launin kirji na kai da wuya. Mata ba su da haske sosai, wanda ba abin mamaki bane - suna ƙyanƙyashe zuriya, don haka ba za ku iya jan hankalin kanku ba.
Bayani da fasali
Wig duck yayi girma zuwa santimita 45-50. Nauyin jikin namiji daga gram 600 zuwa 1100. Mata na samun sauki — daga 500 g zuwa kilogram. Tsawon fikafikan ya kai santimita 78-86. Bayyanar wannan tsuntsayen ruwa ya dogara da dalilai da yawa:
- bene;
- shekaru;
- kakar.
A cikin bazara da Yuni girgiza namiji sauƙin rarrabewa daga mace. Kai da wuya suna da launi mai zurfin kirji tare da ɗigon baki. Goiter jajayen-toka ne. Yankin dake tsakanin baki da bayan kai alama ce mai launin rawaya mai haske ko fari. Sashin sama na jiki launin toka ne, tare da layuka masu duhu a samansa.
Yayinda ake saduwa, jinin jikin namiji ya sha bamban da na mace.
Fuka-fukan gajeren wutsiya launin toka ne, amma guntun gadan da gefenta ba su da kyau. Idan ka tara garken agwagwa akan reshe, to hular gashi a cikin jirgin zai bude farin ciki. Farin fuka-fukai suna bayyane a fili tare da kafadar fikafikan.
A gefen gefen kowane reshe akwai wani wuri mai haske wanda yake saka shuɗi mai ruwan hoda. Masu lura da tsuntsaye suna kiran shi madubi. An yi wa bakin gemu mai launin shuɗi ado tare da “marigold” mai launin tawada. Bayan fitowar ta kan tudu, sai ga wigeon ta kasance mai ruɗuwa da ƙafafunta.
Bayan lokacin saduwa, lokacin da mace ta yi kwai, sai abokiyar aikinta ta tashi don yin zagi don canza tufafin soyayya na “bikinta”. An maye gurbin ruwan toka a kan baya da launin ruwan kasa. Dangane da wannan asalin, ana iya ganin raƙuman ruwan kasa. Amma a kan fikafikan, madubi mai ban sha'awa da ratsi-fari farare har yanzu suna bayyana.
Idan aka kwatanta da abokin tarayya girgiza mata yayi kama da kyau, baya dogara da yanayi da wasannin aure. Lumman ruwan kasa galibi launin ruwan kasa ne tare da raƙuman duhu. Madubin ma ba ƙarancin faɗi - yana da launin toka-kore.
Cikinta fari ne. Bakin-shuɗi mai launin toka-ruwan toka, irin na na maza, yana da launin shuɗi tare da murfin kwal. Yaran sviyazi suna da kamanni iri ɗaya da mace. Gaskiyar cewa a gabanka ba baligi ba ne za a iya hango ta godiya ga baƙin tabo a cikin ciki da madubi mai paler.
Ya danganta da yanayi muryar hular gashi yana canzawa. Ana iya gane drake ta busa, wanda da yawa yayi kama da karar dan wasan roba. A lokacin zawarci, drake ya yi kuwwa da ƙarfi, an haɗu da buzz tare da busa. Mace tana da ƙarami da ƙaramar murya. Saboda kebantattun '' waƙarsa '', sviyaz ya sami laƙabi da yawa a cikin mutane: fistula, sviyaga, whistler.
Saurari muryar agwagwa
Saurari muryar boka Ba'amurke
Irin
Sviyaz jinsi ne wanda yake na tsari na Anseriformes, dangin agwagwa, nau'in agwagin kogi. Akwai wannan tsuntsu iri uku:
- eurasian;
- Ba'amurke;
- na marmari.
Tsibirin Amsterdam na tekun Indiya ya taɓa zama sanye da wiggle mara tashi a Amsterdam. Koyaya, wannan nau'in an hallaka shi a ƙarshen karni na 18.
Yunkurin Eurasia samu a Turai (Iceland, Scotland, arewacin Ingila, Scandinavia, Finland). Wannan tsuntsu kuma yana gida a arewacin Kazakhstan. Koyaya, ya fi yawa a cikin Rasha. Yawancin jama'a sun fi son zama a arewacin Leningrad Region.
Tsuntsu yana jin daɗi a yankin Arkhangelsk. A cikin Siberia, garken agwagwa suna gida a gefen arewacin taiga, kuma ana samun su a kudancin tafkin Baikal. Kamchatka da Chukotka sune mazauninsu na yau da kullun. Yankin tsakiyar a yankin Turai na Rasha ba shi da kyau a gare ta, saboda haka ba safai ake samun wuraren yin gida ba.
Wig na Amurka - tsuntsu da ke zaune a Sabuwar Duniya. Kodayake yankin rarraba yana da fadi sosai, ba za'a iya samun wannan agwagin a yankin arewacin Alaska da Kanada ba. Hakanan ba'a samun shi a Arewa da Dakota ta Kudu, Idaho, Minnesota, Colorado, Oregon, da Gabashin Washington. Wannan nau'in yana kama da ɗan uwan Eurasia sosai.
Don kallon walƙiya mai ɗanɗano, dole ne ku tafi Kudancin Amurka: Chile, Uruguay, Tsibirin Falkland, Argentina - mazaunin wannan nau'in. Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan biyu ba, shugaban mazaunin Kudancin Amurka yana da kore mai launin karafa, tare da farin kunci da goshi.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Sviyazi ba masu son mutum bane kuma sun fi son yin komai tare: abinci, ƙaura zuwa kudu da baya, gida. Kasancewar tsuntsayen ruwa, waɗannan agwagwan suna zaɓar tafkunan ruwa mai ƙarancin ruwa ko ma tsayayyen ruwa. Waɗannan na iya zama tabakun taiga, da baya-baya na koguna masu ƙarancin rairayi, dausayi.
Mayya zata guji manyan wuraren budewa. Mafi dacewa shine tafki, kusa da inda akwai gandun daji wanda ba safai ba, kuma an rufe bankin mai kyau da ciyawar makiyaya. Koyaya, a lokacin hunturu, garken duck suma suna zaune a cikin tekun, waɗanda duwatsu daga iska ke fakewa da su.
Kodayake mayya tsuntsayen ƙaura ce, amma akwai ƙananan mutane da suka ƙaunaci Tsibirin Burtaniya kuma ba sa barin su. Ducks na agwagwa suna tashi zuwa hunturu a watan Satumba. Hanyoyin ƙaura da makoma ta ƙarshe sun dogara ne da shafukan gida. Wannan shine yadda Iceungiyar Icelandic ke ƙaura zuwa Ireland da Scotland, waɗanda ba za a iya kiransu kudu da ƙa'idodin ɗan adam ba.
Mazauna Siberia da Kazakhstan masu farin jini sun nufi bakin tekun Caspian da Bahar Maliya, ko kuma zuwa kudu na Turai ko Tsibirin Iberia. Daga gabas, tsuntsaye suna tashi zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya ko ma Afirka, wasu lokuta suna isa Tanzania. Komawa zuwa shafukan yanar gizo yi motsi a cikin bazara - kusan tsakiyar watan Afrilu. A wannan gaba, an riga an kafa nau'i-nau'i.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Ma'aurata suna haɗuwa a lokacin bazara ko lokacin bazara gida. Sviyazi suna da mata daya: bayan sun zabi abokiyar zama, namiji baya kula da sauran tsuntsayen. Yana da shekara ɗaya, agwagwa sun kai ga balagar jima'i kuma suna iya shiga cikin wasannin jima'i.
Drake ya narkar da abin da ke jikinsa, yana mai nuna duk kyawunsa, sannan ya fara bayanin da'irori a cikin ruwa domin ya burge mace da yake so. Ya ɗaga kansa sama ya yi ihu da ƙarfi, don haka ya ƙarfafa abokan hamayya. Ya faru cewa wasu samari drake basu sami aboki ba, sa'annan yayi ƙoƙari ya yaƙi mace wacce ta riga ta shagaltu. Sannan fada zai iya karya al'adar zaman lafiya.
Bayan wasannin soyayya, mace ta fara shirya gida. Duck ya sami keɓantaccen wuri kusa da ruwa. Rataya rassan daji, ciyawar bakin teku, tushen bishiyoyi suna ɓoye shi daga idanun da ba'a so.
Ba za a iya kiran Sviyaz da ƙwararren magini ba: “shimfiɗar jariri” nan gaba rami ne a cikin ƙasa tare da diamita na kusan santimita 5-8. An lika gindinta da ciyawar ciyawa da ƙananan ƙanana. Yayin da mace ke daukar kwayaye, wani labulen kasa da gashin fuka-fukan mahaifiya na tarawa.
A duck lays qwai a ƙarshen spring - farkon bazara. Kama, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana da 6-10, ƙasa da sau 12, ƙwai mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi. Sautin ya ma, ba tare da wani tabo ko tabo ba. Qwai suna da tsayin santimita 4-5.
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan farawar shiryawa, drakes ɗin sun bar 'yan matansu kuma sun tashi zuwa zub da jini. A wannan lokacin, ana iya samun su a tabkuna a Yammacin Siberia, a Jamhuriyar Komi (babba Pechora), a ƙasan Ob, Ural da Volga. A cikin Turai, wiggles suna zaɓar filayen bakin teku don narkewar
Bayan kimanin kwanaki 25, wiggle chicks sun ƙyanƙyashe. Awanni 24 suna zaune a cikin gida kuma sun bushe. Bayan wannan, tuni sun sami damar bin mahaifiyarsu zuwa ruwa da ninkaya. Jikin agwagin an lullubeshi da kaurin kasa.
Sauyawa a hankali tare da gashin fuka-fuki yakan ɗauki kimanin wata ɗaya da rabi. Da zaran wannan ya faru, samari sukan tsaya a kan reshe kuma su fara samun abincinsu da kansu. A karkashin mazaunin halitta, mayya tana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru uku. A cikin bauta, inda aka cire haɗari, agwagi na iya rayuwa tsawon sau hudu zuwa biyar.
Gina Jiki
Abincin yau da kullun na wiggles abinci ne na musamman. Tabbas, cin ciyawa da iri, wadannan tsuntsayen suma suna hadiye kwari, amma ba sune asalin teburin tsuntsayen ba. Babban menu na waɗannan agwagwan shine ciyawar ciyawa a cikin ruwa ko yankin bakin teku. Dukansu koren tushe da saiwa ana cinsu. Zuwa ƙarami sosai, mayya tana da sha'awar ciyar da tsaba da hatsi.
Daga cikin tsire-tsire na ruwa akwai mai zuwa: duckweed, bog fure, kandami, elodea (aka annobar ruwa), vallisneria. Daga cikin jinsunan bakin teku, sviyaz yana cin umbelliferae, kai-kai, da lankwasa ciyawa. A lokacin hunturu, saboda ƙaura zuwa wasu yankuna, abincin yana canzawa.
Tsuntsaye suna cinye abin da za'a iya samu a cikin ruwan teku: algae, da kuma ciyawar teku mai daddawa, datti. A wasu shekaru, yawan algae yana ragu sosai saboda cututtuka. Sannan mayyar tana cin abinci a cikin ruwa mai kyau ko ma ta tashi don yin kiwon amfanin gona na hatsi.
Duk da cewa mayya tsawan ruwa ce, ba za ku iya kiranta kyakkyawan mai nutsarwa ba. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa ana iya ganin waɗannan tsuntsayen a cikin tafki ɗaya tare da swans ko agwagwar ruwa, saboda suna kiwon abinci wanda ba zai yiwu ba ga wiggles daga ƙasa.
Mafarautan Farauta
A cikin Red Book, matsayin kiyayewa na sviyazi an yi masa alama da Least Consern (LC). Wannan yana nufin cewa wannan nau'in ba shi da barazanar hallaka. Yawan wadannan tsuntsayen suna da yawa. A Rasha, an ba da izinin farautar nau'ikan agwagi shida:
- mayya;
- busa bushewa;
- fadi-hanci;
- mallard;
- duck launin toka;
- pintail
Wadanda suka dandana naman wviyazi sun lura da dandano mai dadi. Bayan an tsince gawar kuma an cire duk abin da ya wuce gona da iri, nauyin raga zai kai kimanin gram 470. Mafarautan Farauta kamar kowane wasa, farawa tare da samun lasisi. Don ƙaddamar da takardu akan lokaci, kuna buƙatar sanin sharuɗɗa da ka'idoji don bayar da izini, waɗanda hukumomin yankin ke kafawa.
Yana da mahimmanci a san lokacin da aka ba da izinin farauta. Dangane da doka, lokacin farautar bazara fara daga 1 ga Maris kuma ya ƙare a ranar 16 ga Yuni. Ranakun lokacin bazara-kaka sun banbanta daga yanki zuwa yanki.
A lokacin bazara, ana bayar da izinin bugun drake kawai. A lokacin rani da kaka, zaku iya harba agwagwa daga ɓoyewa, akan hanya ko daga jirgin ruwa (dole ne a kashe injin ɗin). Daga watan Agusta, an ba da izinin karnukan farauta.
Skradok murfin ne wanda ke sanya mafarautan ganuwa ga wasan. An shirya shi kamar haka: damuwa a cikin ƙasa an rufe shi da tsarin sanduna, waɗanda aka yi layi da ciyawa da rassa a saman. Ana yin ƙaramin rami a cikin skradke. Galibi ana yin bukkar ne a tazarar mita 2-5 daga gefen ruwa. Idan farauta ya faru a cikin bazara, suna yin ado dumi, in ba haka ba zaku iya daskare cikin kwanton bauna.
Domin Namiji ya tashi sama zuwa inda ya dace, ana saukad da matan roba guda 2-3 a cikin ruwa. Don jan hankali zuwa garesu, mafarautan suna busa bushashshe da kwaikwayon muryar agwagwa. Dabbobin da aka cushe ya kamata su kasance bayyane daga iska. Yana da kyau idan akwai ƙananan tsibiran ko buɗewar tofa a kusa - tsuntsaye suna son hutawa akan su.
Sviyaz abu ne mai sauƙin ganima a lokacin ɓarna. Idan a cikin wasu tsuntsaye maye gurbin gashin tsuntsu yana faruwa sannu a hankali, to wannan duck din ya yi asarar dukkan labulen sa lokaci ɗaya. Yana da wahala tashi sama a cikin wannan jihar, kuma irin wannan agwagwar ta zama mai matukar rauni.
Dogaro da yanayi, ana ɗaukar wani ɓangare daban don wiggler. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tsuntsu yana santa a hankali, yana gina daskararrun laushi bayan narkar da shi, kuma a lokacin hunturu suna cikin rufin asirin.
Don kar a fitar da tsuntsayen da aka hana farauta, za ku iya yin harbi ne kawai lokacin da abin ya ke bayyane a bayyane. Zai fi kyau yin karatu a gaba kunna cikin hotodon kaucewa yin kuskure. Mafarauci mai kyau ba zai bar dabbobi masu rauni ba, in ba haka ba tsuntsu zai wahala. Farauta ba kawai sha'awar wasanni bane ko abinci, amma kuma babban nauyi ne.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
Sviyaz tsuntsu ne mai son jama'a. A kan ruwa zaka iya samun manyan garken waɗancan maganganun, agwagwa masu hayaniya, yawansu yakai mutane dubu da yawa. Baƙon Ba'amurke wani lokaci yakan tashi zuwa Tsibirin Kwamandan, da Chukotka. Tana da ikon yin haɓaka tare da Eurasia.
Wasu lokuta ana kama wiggles kuma a tsare su. Idan aka samarda dukkan yanayi, to agwagin zai hayayyafa cikin nasara. Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, agwagwa tana rayuwa cikin bauta fiye da na mahalli na asali.
Koyaya, akwai mutanen da ke ajiye mayya a gida a matsayin dabbar dabbar gidan. Tana cikin salama kuma da yardar rai tana barin kanta da ƙarfe da wanka a banɗaki. A cikin kamus na Vladimir Dahl, za ku iya samun wasu sunaye na wannan duck: jan-baki, bebe, farin ciki, bushe-bushewa.
