Mutumin zamani wanda yake daraja lafiyar sa yana ba da kulawa ta musamman ga daidaitaccen, daidaitaccen abinci. Ma'adanai da bitamin da ake samu a cikin naman kifi ya mai da shi muhimmin samfuri a cikin abincinmu. Jajayen kifi, wanda ake ɗauka da kyau a ɗaukaka, an gane yana da amfani musamman.
Daya daga cikin wakilan dangin kifin shine char kifi... Toari da fa'idodi masu amfani da abinci mai gina jiki, wannan nau'in rayuwar cikin ruwa sananne ne saboda kyawawan halayen dandano. Ya kamata a san cewa char yana da shahara musamman ba kawai tsakanin masu dafa abinci ba, amma kuma ya sami aikace-aikacen sa a fannin likitanci.
Masana kimiyya-ichthyologists har yanzu suna tattaunawa game da asalin char, nau'ikan nau'ikan halittarta, fasalin wurin zama, da dai sauransu. Saboda haka, yana da lafiya a ce har yanzu ba a yi cikakken nazarin wannan nau'in kifin ba.
Bayani da fasali
Babban sanannen yanayin layin shine ƙananan sikelin sa, waɗanda kusan kwayar ido ba zata iya gani ba. Yana santsi da taushi, saboda haka yana ba da ra'ayi cewa kifin tsirara ne. Saboda haka sunan wakilin dangin salmon. Char a cikin hoton yana da kyau sosai kuma yana da daraja, a bayyane ya bayyana cewa kifin yana da kwarewa, sabili da haka ba kawai kyakkyawa bane, amma kuma yana da amfani.
Babban fasali wanda yake rarrabe laya da sauran nau'ikan jan kifi shine mafi karancin duhun tabo a jiki, ko rashin su gaba daya. Dogaro da jinsin, ƙila ba shi da baƙar fata, amma fari, baƙi ko ɗigon ruwan hoda, wanda shine alama ta farko da ke nuna cewa irin wannan kifin yana gabanka.
Hakanan, fasalin layin shine halinta: yana iya zama mai nutsuwa ko ƙaura. Activaura daga wasu nau'ikan ana kunna su a lokacin bazara. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, wannan kifin ya fi son kaɗaici, da ƙarancin kafa makarantu. Sauƙaƙe haƙuri da ƙananan yanayin zafi, char yakan canza mazauni. A wannan yanayin, naman mazaunin ruwa yana canza launi.
Duk da nau'ikan, ban da abubuwan da aka ambata a sama na wannan mazaunin ruwa, duk nau'ikan sa suna da halaye na gaba ɗaya masu zuwa:
- ana motsa jiki, mai siffar torpedo, wanda ke taimakawa cikin saurin motsi cikin ruwa;
- kai babba ne, idanuwa jawur ne, an saita su sama;
- truncated wutsiya fin;
- ƙananan muƙamuƙi yana da tsayi dangane da babba, bakin yana da girma;
- a gaban tabo, a warwatse suke cikin jiki;
- babban launi na gishiri mai gishiri shine ciki mai haske, bangarorin azurfa da baya mai ruwan toka-kore-kore; a cikin ruwa mai kyau, ɓangaren sama na jiki yana samun shuɗi mai shuɗi mai shuɗi wanda yake rufe mutum cikin ruwan famfo;
- girman layin ya dogara da mazauni da jinsin: mutanen da ke cikin ruwa za su iya kaiwa tsawon ya kai 1 m kuma nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 15 zuwa 16, waɗanda ke da ruwa mai ƙanƙana sun fi ƙanana - tare da tsayin zuwa 50 cm sun auna nauyin 1.5-2. Mafi yawan samfuran sune ruwan sha. Nauyin mutum ɗaya na iya isa 30 kilogiram.
Loach nama, idan har an shirya shi da kyau, ana kiransa kayan abinci. Don cin abincin ya zama ba mai daɗi kawai ba, har ma da ƙoshin lafiya, dole ne a sanya wannan kifin cikin maganin zafi mai kyau.
Ba za ku iya ɓata samfuri mai mahimmanci ba idan kuna amfani da dabarun yin burodi a cikin tsare ko tafasa tururi lokacin dafa shi. Ana amfani da kashin kashin sau da yawa don yin miyar kifi.
Irin
Wurin zama na char yana nuna cewa jinsunan kifin salmon na ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan da akwai. Daga cikin mafi yawan sune:
1. Arctic. A cewar ichthyologists, wannan ita ce tsohuwar ƙirar da ta yadu a yankunan arewa. Wannan nau'ikan shine ɗayan mafi tsada. Samfurori suna da girma sosai, suna da nauyin kilogram 15-16, kuma tsawonsu yakai cm 90. Irin wannan mutum yana cikin Lissafi, don haka an hana kama shi.
2. Ozerny. Nau'in nau'in char wanda ke da saurin ƙaura. Yana da ƙananan raƙuman ruwa da yawa, waɗanda suka bambanta da juna a cikin girma da abinci. Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar mutum yakai cm 45. Matsayin rikodin rikodin ƙananan raƙuman ruwa ya kai kilogiram 30 tare da tsawon jiki na 150 cm.
3. Ruchevoy. Irin wannan layin ya fi son girma da ninka a cikin manyan koguna da kogunan tsaunuka. Yana girma a hankali, amma yawanta yana da girma har ya fara sauya ƙwaya daga jikin waɗannan ruwa. Wani nau'ikan wannan nau'in kifin shine tiger char, wanda, a cewar wasu masana kimiyya, ya bayyana ne sakamakon tsallakawa mazaunin ruwa da ake tambaya da kifi.
4. Fasifik (Kamchatka). Kowane ɗayan wannan nau'in suna da girma, a kan matsakaita 10 kilogiram, ana bambanta su daga arctic ta launi. An rarraba jinsin a matsayin mai lalacewa - a lokacin ɓarna, ƙirar Kamchatka fara fara ƙaura zuwa koguna da koguna.
5. Boganidskiy. A cewar masana kimiyya daga Siberia, wannan nau'ikan layin an san shi a matsayin ɗayan mafiya amfani saboda yawan adadin omega acid a cikin naman. Lambarta karama ce, saboda haka yana da wuya a hadu da irin wannan kifin.
6. Gashin-baki (avdyushka). Jirgin na cikin tsari ne na carps, ana samun sa a cikin ƙananan koguna, tafkuna da wuraren tafki, inda akwai ƙasa mai yashi da kuma saurin gudu na ruwa. Fishananan kifin da wuya ya kai 20 cm a tsayi. Wani fasali daban na jinsin shine gaban eriya sau uku. Kafin hunturu, avdyushka ta shiga cikin yashi mai yashi a ƙasa, don haka babu ma'ana a kamashi a wannan lokacin.
Baya ga abin da ke sama, akwai kuma char char, char, davatchan, Dolly Varden char, da dai sauransu Duk da cewa wasu mutane suna cinye mafi yawan rayuwarsu a cikin ruwan teku na gishiri, ba za a iya kiran wannan kifin da kifin teku ba. Dalilin haka kuwa shi ne kasancewar ba a rarraba mazaunin cikin ruwa nesa da teku, amma a duk tsawon rayuwarsa ya fi son kasancewa a bakin kogin da ya yi hijira.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Char kifi ta yanayinta, baƙauye ɗayan mutum, da wuya ya zama garken tumaki. Mutanen wannan nau'in kifin na salmon ba shi da ma'ana ga yanayin ƙarancin ruwa, saboda haka mazauninsu ruwa ne a cikin arewa mai nisa.
Mai sauƙin yana yarda da canje-canje a cikin matakan gishirin, wanda ya sa ya yiwu ga wasu nau'ikan yin ƙaura daga mazauninsu zuwa wani. Samun laya a cikin abinci shima yana taimakawa ga yawan rayuwa; tare da daidaito daidai zata iya ciyar da kwayoyin halittu masu rai, tana bayyana kanta a matsayin mai farauta, da kuma fure na ruwa.
Gidan zama yana da yawa. Don neman wadatar abinci, ya ci gaba da "tafiye-tafiye", yana yin ƙaura mai nisa daga jikin ruwa na ƙasar sa. A cikin Rasha, wakilin salmonids da ake la'akari da shi galibi ana samunsa a Yammacin Siberia, yankin Baikal da Amur, da Yankin Trans-Ural.
Masunta sun lura cewa a cikin ƙananan koguna da tafkuna, kogunan tsaunuka char yana zaune matsakaici. Mutane masu nauyi suna gama gari a cikin tafkunan manyan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, kuma basa barin wuraren da aka haifa na nesa.
Abinda ke tattare da char shine samfurin da ke rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai ɗorewa, a ƙa'ida, zuwa teku don haihuwa, kuma waɗanda suka girma cikin ruwan gishiri sukan sa ƙwai a cikin ruwa mai tsabta. Iyakar abin da aka keɓance sune char char, waɗanda ke zama marasa nutsuwa kuma suna da ƙira a inda suka girma.
Gina Jiki
Amfanin wannan kifin shine gaskiyar cewa bashi da mahimmancin abinci. Bayan sun kai shekaru 2-3, mazaunan ruwa na wannan nau'in sun fara yin samamen abinci, inda suke bayyana kansu a matsayin masu cin kazamar rayuwa. Codananan codan cod ne, capelin, pollock, gerbil, goby, smelt, da sauransu. Loach kuma baya ƙin ƙananan ƙwayoyin ɓawon burodi, molluscs da tsutsotsi na cikin ruwa, kwari.
Duk da cewa ana ɗaukarsa kamar kifi ne wanda ya fi son kaɗaici, a lokacin ciyarwar, masu lalata suna taruwa a makarantu (makarantu). Wannan yana taimakawa farauta sosai, kuma yana adanawa daga hare-hare ta manyan kifaye masu kama da cuta. A lokaci guda, samari na samari koyaushe suna ƙarƙashin kariya da kariyar tsofaffin mutane. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga karuwar yawan rayuwar halittu.
Saboda keɓaɓɓen ikon iyawar da ke tattare da yanayin sarrafa narkewar abinci, da kuma girman hanji, wanda, tare da farauta mai nasara, ya cika ƙarfinsa, kifin yana iya rayuwa ba tare da abinci na dogon lokaci ba. Koyaya, lafiyarta da nauyinta ba zasu canza ba ta kowace hanya.
Bambancin char kuma ya ta'allaka ne da ikon yantar da sarari a cikin ramin ciki ta tilas. Wannan gaskiyane a lokacin haɓakawa. Koyaya, bayan gajiyar ƙaura don haihuwa a haɗe tare da rashin abinci, layin yana rasa ƙarfinsa kuma yana fara mutuwa gaba ɗaya.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Fara farawa jan kifi char ya faɗi a tsakiyar bazara, Afrilu, kuma ya ƙare a watan Mayu-Yuni. Koyaya, wasu jinsunan masu farauta sun fara ɓacin rai kusa da kaka. Shekarun manya mutane shekaru 3-5 ne. Wannan lamarin ya dogara da yanayin yanayin yankin da kuma wurin zama.
Wakilan dangin kifin salmon da ke zaune a cikin tafkunan ruwa mai kyau suna zabar ruwa mara zurfi, rafuka ko magudanar ruwa don samarwa da zai iya samarwa zuriya ta gaba isasshen oxygen.
Gudun raƙuman ruwa da ke ƙaura suna barin wuraren zama kuma suna zuwa spaw a cikin koguna da tabkuna tare da ruwa mai kyau. A lokaci guda, ba su ga cikas ko dai a cikin akasin kogin, ko kuma a ƙasan hanyar ba.
Shafin yana zaɓar shuke-shuke a ƙarƙashin ruwa a wuraren ɓarna. Wasu nau'ikan suna bazuwa kai tsaye cikin yashi, tsakuwa, ko tsakuwa a cikin ruwa. Yayinda ake saduwa, maza da mata suna canza launinsu domin jan hankalin kishiyar. A wasu nau'ikan larura, tarin fuka da ci gaban jiki suna bayyana akan sikeli na waje.
Mace ta tsunduma cikin shirya “gida”, tana fitar da hutu a ƙasan ƙasa tare da jelarta. A can ta sa ƙwai na lemu ko launin ja, 4-5 mm kowanne. Bayan aiwatar da kwayayen ƙwai daga namiji, mace da kanta take yin bacci a cikin ɓacin rai, yayin da take yin ƙaramin matsayi. Generationarnin farko na farko ya bayyana a farkon kaka ko bazara (ya danganta da nau'in char). Yana ciyar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin da suke rayuwa a ƙasan tafkin.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa roe kifi char yana da babban darajar abinci mai gina jiki. Sabili da haka, a yau yawancin kamfanoni suna tsunduma cikin aikin keɓaɓɓiyar naman wannan mai cutar. Koyaya, caviar kawai da aka samo daga mutane ke jagorantar hanyar ɗabi'a, ta hanyar ɗabi'a ta rayuwa ke kawo fa'ida mafi yawa.
Matsakaicin rayuwa na layin shine shekaru 7. Koyaya, irin wannan nau'in kamar arctic zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 12. Tsohuwar mutum, gwargwadon yadda ya zama hannu ɗaya, ya ƙi shiga cikin garken tumaki, musamman yayin neman abinci.
Char kamun kifi
Masunta a fagen taro galibi suna raba nasarorin da suka samu a harkar kamun kifi. Bayan duk wannan, wannan mai farautar shine ganimar da ake son kowannensu. Ta hanyar raba shawarwari, kwararrun masanan masanan suna ba da shawara don char kamun kifi yi amfani da cokali, wanda yake da matukar kyau ga mazaunan bangaren ruwan. Idan aka yi amfani da sandar shawagi ta yau da kullun azaman magancewa, to yana da kyau a yi amfani da filletin kifi, tsutsa a matsayin koto.
Mafi kyawun lokacin kamun kifi don farashi shine faduwar rana da fitowar rana. A wannan lokacin ne mai farautar ya fara neman abinci, yana kama kwari da suka faɗo saman ruwan. A lokutan sanyaya, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da abin da ke ƙasa don kamun kifi - mai farautar a wannan lokacin ya fi kusa da ƙasan don matsakaicin lokaci, inda yake nemo tsutsa, ɓawon burodi, tsutsotsi, da sauransu don neman abinci.
Dole ne a zaba, bait da kuma tarko don laushi, suna mai da hankali kan lokacin, yanayin fasalin tafki, nau'in nau'in da ake zaune a wurin. Wararrun masunta kuma suna ba da shawarar yin amfani da cizon mai ɗorawa wanda ke jan kifi tare da taimakon pheromones na musamman wanda ke kunna sha'awar mai farauta. A wannan yanayin, akwai kowace dama don kama ganimar da aka daɗe ana jira.
Kifi na daya daga cikin abincin da ya kamata kowane mutum ya samu a irin abincin da yake ci. Kifi char char shine kyakkyawan zaɓi don tasa wanda ba kawai zai kawo farin ciki na girke-girke ba, har ma ya cika jiki da microelements masu amfani. Wannan mafaraucin, wanda aka kama shi da hannunsa, yana ba da farin ciki na musamman. Ba abin tausayi ba ne don ciyar da lokaci ko kuzari don wannan.
