Tagulla na zinare - kwaro mai tsaka-tsalle daga umarnin coleoptera. Kyakkyawan babban ƙwaro tare da ƙararren ƙarfe mai ƙyalli daga yanayin Bronze. Sunan Latin Cetonia aurata da bayanin kwarin da Linnaeus yayi a 1758.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoto: tagulla na zinare
Irin ƙwaro daga gidan dangin Bronzovka na ɗan ƙwaro ne. Wannan jinsin ya hada da kananan halittu guda bakwai masu launuka daban-daban, yanayin jikin mutum, girmansa, kuma suma suna da wuraren zama daban-daban. A cikin kowane yanki, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa tare da tabarau na launi, da yankunan balaga na jiki. Cetonia da sunan ƙwaro yana nufin ƙarfe, kuma kalmar aurata na nufin zinariya.
A duniyar tagulla, akwai nau'ikan da suka kai 2,700, suna da nau'uka daban-daban, misali, a Afirka, mafi yawan ƙwaro na tagulla a duniya, golaath, dangi ne na nesa da nau'in zinariya. A tsawon ya kai 10 cm, kuma ya auna 80-100 g.
Waɗannan manyan ƙwaroyen-zinari masu ƙarfi suna tashi da ƙarfi, kuma suna faɗawa cikin cikas, suna faɗuwa a bayansu da hayaniya. Da farko sun yi ƙarya, suna yin kamar sun mutu, sannan kuma, da ƙyar, suka juya.
Manyan kwari kwari ne. Suna cin inflorescences. Tsutsa, lardin, sarrafa abin da ya mutu, yana ƙaruwa da ƙasa. Suna bayar da kusan fa'idodi iri ɗaya kamar na tsutsar ciki.
Idan tagulla tana jin tsoro, to tana iya "yin harbi" da wani ruwa mai ƙanshi mara daɗin ji.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Zinariya tagulla irin ƙwaro
Abu na farko da ya kama maka ido shine launin kore mai haske mai ƙyalli. A zahiri, ƙwaro baƙar fata ne, kuma tsarin mahaɗan yana da alhakin irin wannan kyakkyawar ganuwa, wacce ke zagayawa da haske. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa launi ya zama mai canzawa yayin gani daga kusurwa daban-daban. Ainihin shi ƙarfe ne mai haske mai haske ko kore mai ƙyalli na zinariya, ana iya jefa shi tare da jan ƙarfe a gefuna, amma nau'ikan rabe-rabe suna da nau'ikan aberrations.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙwaro irin ƙwaro sun kunshi siraran da yawa. Ana maimaita haske akai-akai daga kowane launi kuma an ɗora shi, yana ƙirƙirar wasan kwaikwayo na inuwa na tabarau.
Girman ƙwaro yana daga 1 zuwa 2.3 cm. Jikin yana da faɗi - kimanin 0.8-1.2 cm, mai lankwasawa a baya, an ɗan taƙaita shi zuwa ƙarshen. Sashin sama na jiki an rufe shi da gashi, amma kuma akwai mutane tsirara. Yankin occipital na kai yana da tsawo da ɗigogi da eriya baki. Sauran kan yana da dige mafi girma kuma ya fi kauri. Akwai leji mai fasalin keel a tsakiya. Dukan kan an rufe shi da farin gashi.
Bidiyo: Tagulla na zinare
Matsakaicin mafi fadi shine sanarwa, yana kusa da kai, an kuma rufe shi da huda. An zagaye gefuna a gefuna. Sutellum, wanda yake tsakanin tsattsauran elytra da mai bayyanawa, yana da siffar alwatika uku na isosceles tare da kyan gani - wannan halayyar wannan ƙwaro ce. An rufe garkuwar da dige. Elytra suna da diga-daka tare da rabe-raben fata da ratsin farin farin.
Theafãfun beetles kuma suna da ɗigo, wrinkles, ratsi. Tashin gaba yana da hakora uku. Shinshin sauran kafafu suma suna da hakori daya. A kafafun baya, tibia suna da tsayi daidai da tarsi, kuma a sauran kafafun tarsi sun fi na tibia tsayi.
Bronzovki yayin jirgin baya matsawa elytra mai wahala. Suna da ƙira a gefuna, wanda abin yankewa wanda beetles ke shimfiɗa fikafikansu na haɗuwa yayin tashi.
A ina ne tagulla ta zinare take rayuwa?
Photo: kwarin tagulla na zinare
Wannan coleoptera yana da babban mazauni.
Ana samun ƙwaro a Turai da Asiya:
- daga kudancin Scandinavia zuwa yankunan kudanci na tsibirin Bahar Rum da tsibirai;
- a Asiya orarama da Yammacin Asiya, a Iran (ban da yankuna hamada);
- a cikin jamhuriya ta tsakiyar Asiya zuwa arewacin Tajikistan;
- a kudu, yankin yana iyaka ne a arewacin Tekun Aral, a gefen Kogin Syr-Darya ya isa rafin Osh da Gulcha;
- ya kame lardin Snjiang na kasar Sin;
- a Mongolia ya isa kogin. Kharagol.
A yankin Tarayyar Rasha, arewacin zangon ya yi daidai da Korelsky Isthmus, sannan ya ratsa ta cikin Yankin Perm, Yekaterinburg, ya kama arewacin yankin Omsk, sannan ya ratsa ta Yammacin Siberia zuwa gabar arewacin tafkin Baikal. Yammacin gabar tafkin Baikal shine iyakar gabas ta rabar da tagulla ta zinare, amma kuma ana samunta a Yankin Amur. A kudu ya isa Caucasus.
Wannan ƙwaro yana rayuwa ne a cikin dazuzzuka da daɓe. A yankin steppe, ya fi son wuraren fesku-fuka-fuka, saboda akwai shuke-shuken da ake buƙata don rayuwar rayuwar yau da kullun na Coleoptera. Inda babu daji ko shrub, ba a samo wannan nau'in ba. A cikin stepes, arthropod kuma yana iya zama a cikin kwari da wuraren koguna, inda akwai yanayi mai danshi kuma akwai bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi. Koda a cikin yankuna masu bushe bushe, zaku iya samun tagulla, amma kawai a cikin yankin Delta ko filayen ambaliyar ruwa. Misali shine Terek ambaliyar ruwa ta hamadar Caspian.
Kwarin sun fi son rana, wurare masu haske: gefunan daji, sarari, gandun daji da makiyaya, sharewa da wuraren da aka kone. Kamshin kamshin itace da na itace ne kawai ke iya jan kwari zuwa dajin daji.
A cikin yankuna na arewa, yana son zama a sarari, ɗumama wurare masu faɗi. A kudu, akasin haka, galibi ana samun tagulla a yankunan tsaunuka. Don haka a yankin tafkin Issyk-Kul, yana faruwa a tsawan sama da mita dubu 1.6, a kan tsaunukan Tien Shan ya hau zuwa mita dubu 2.3, a cikin Transcaucasia, a yankin Sevan - mita dubu 2, a cikin Ciscaucasia har zuwa 1 , Dubu 6 m.
Menene Gron Zinariya yake ci?
Hoto: tagulla na zinare
Ana iya ganin kwarin baligi a kan furannin shuke-shuke daban-daban. Su musamman kaunar wardi da fure kwatangwalo.
A wasu harsunan Turai ana kiran wannan ƙwaro ruwan hoda saboda son da yake yi wa waɗannan launuka.
Amma ba wai kawai suna shan tsirrai na furanni ba ne, suna kuma cin abincin mai taushi da na fure, kwandunan kwalliyar shuke-shuke na laima, kabeji. Hakanan ba a rena samari na shuke-shuke, kuma inda ruwan itace yake fitowa daga itacen, tagulla na iya shirya biki. Kwari ba kawai suna ciyar da furannin shuke-shuke ba, amma suna iya cin 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itace. A cikin abincin beetles, akwai da yawa da ake nomawa da tsire-tsire na daji.
Daga 'ya'yan itacen da aka noma, waɗannan sune: blackberry, apple, pear, apricot, plum, cherry, ceri mai zaki, dogwood, viburnum, ash ash. Daga kayan lambu, zai iya cutar da shi: kabeji, radish, legumes. Hatsi kuma suna wahala: masara, hatsin rai, buckwheat. Masu fure fure kuma suna yin zunubi akan tagulla saboda daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka zata iya lalata lambun fure: irises, peonies, wardi, lilacs, lupins da sauransu.
Daga tsire-tsire na daji, kwari suna da wadataccen zaɓi na abinci, akwai kowane irin rosaceous, cornelian, mallow, legumes, buckwheat, umbelliferae, beech, aster, ashberry, iris, clove da sauran dangin iyalai. 'Yan tsutsa suna cin abincin tarkace masu lalacewa, ana iya samunsu a cikin bishiyun ganye, rubabben itace, takin.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: tagulla na zinare
Zaman rayuwar mace tagulla shekara guda ce, a yankunan arewa shekaru biyu ne. A cikin bazara, ƙwaro beetles. Idan oviposition ya faru da wuri, pupation yana faruwa zuwa ƙarshen bazara. Bewayoyin kaka ba su fito ba, suna kasancewa zuwa hunturu a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, amma wasu mutane, idan yanayi na rana da bushe, sai su tashi daga mafakarsu.
Irin wannan beetles din suna buya a kebantattun wurare don hunturu, kuma a lokacin bazara sune farkon wadanda zasu tashi sama su fara gudanar da rayuwa mai inganci tun kafin yawancin wadannan coleopterans su fara shekarun su. Vawarorin da suka samo asali daga kwanciya daga ƙarshen lokaci sun kasance na lokacin sanyi a karo na uku, kuma bayan da suka fi ƙarfinsu, suka zama ɗan ɗabi'a a cikin bazara. Saboda irin wannan rayuwar ta cakude, ana iya samun kwari a lokaci guda a yanayi a matakai daban-daban na ci gaba.
Bronzovka larvae galibi suna rikicewa tare da tsutsa na ƙwaro na Mayu, wanda ke cutar da tsire-tsire ta hanyar cin rhizomes. Launin jikin duka kwari iri daya ne, amma kafafun kwayar tsutsar tsuntsu sun fi tsayi da yawa, kan ya fi girma kuma muƙamuƙan da ke buƙatar cin abinci a jikin tsirrai masu rai, sun fi girma.
Kwari suna aiki a rana yayin yanayin rana. A cikin gajimare da gajimare, suna yin bacci, galibi suna daskarewa a kan tsire-tsire. Daga sanyi suna ɓoye a cikin mafaka da ƙarƙashin ganye.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Zinariya tagulla irin ƙwaro
Don samun ƙwaro irin na beetles, suna amfani da kayan su masu haske, enzymes pheromone da ci gaba akan eriya. Suna kama da kwalliyar faranti da yawa kuma suna iya buɗewa kamar fan. Irin wannan eriyar suna da hankali sosai kuma suna taimakawa maza wajen neman abokan. Bayan an gama zamantakewar aure, sai hanyar rayuwar namiji ta kare.
Mata suna yin ƙwai a ruɓaɓɓen kututture, bishiyun da suka faɗi, humus, takin, a cikin gidan tururuwa, bayan haka sai su mutu. Bayan 'yan makonni, tsutsa sun fito daga ƙwayayen fari-rawaya kuma nan da nan za su fara ciyar da tarkacen tsire-tsire, ruɓaɓɓen ganye, itacen da yake ruɓewa, da kuma matattun tushen shuke-shuke. A yayin balaga, tsutsa ta shiga matakai uku ta zoben guda biyu.
Siffar tsutsa tana da siffa ta C. Jiki mai kauri an matse shi zuwa kai, mai launi-launi, tsayinsa yakai 4-6 cm.Kusan kai 3 mm ne, akwai hakora huɗu akan faɗi da gajere jaws. Akwai hakora a kan ƙananan muƙamuƙi; an sanye su da fatar waje. Muƙamuƙan suna da ƙarfi sosai. Kwari suna cizawa cikin tarkace mai lalacewa suna nika su da haƙoronsu, suna taimakawa sake sarrafa takin.
Antennae gajere ne kuma masu kauri kuma suna da sassa huɗu. Analarshen farji yana da layuka biyu na kaifin ƙafa. Jiki a rufe da bristles. Legafafu gajere ne tare da ƙarin abubuwa masu kamun kafa. Yana da wahala a matsa da taimakonsu.
Caterpillar na tagulla na zinare tare da saurin motsi, rawar jiki, ya motsa a bayansa.
Bayan ƙarshen azabar ta uku, tsutsa ta kanyi inda take ciyarwa. Kokarin pupa yana da kama da kama. Caterpillar ya kirkiri kwalliyar shimfiɗar jariri daga ƙasa, itace mai ruɓewa, hanjinsa, yana manna su tare da ruwan ɓoye. Yana tsaye daga ƙarshen duban ciki. Tsutsa na amfani da ƙananan ƙafafu don ƙirƙirar kwakwa. Bayan rabin wata, sai wani babban mutum ya fito daga jaririn.
Abokan gaba na zinariya tagulla
Photo: kwarin tagulla na zinare
Bronzovka larvae galibi suna rayuwa cikin gidan tururuwa. Badgers, dawakai da sauran dabbobin daji a lokacin hunturu suna tsinke tarin tururuwa don nemo salo a wurin - tsutsar tagulla.
Sau da yawa ana farautar tsuntsaye don ƙwarin kwari, daga cikinsu:
- baki-shrike;
- jay;
- magi;
- rook;
- jackdaw;
- abin nadi;
- oriole.
Daga cikin dabbobi, ana iya caterpillars ta moles, wakilan dangin weasel: ferrets, martens, weasels. Tagulla na iya zuwa cin abincin dare don bishiyoyi, kadangaru ko kwaɗi.
Sewari - scolias - suna da lahani musamman ga waɗannan ƙwayoyin bera. Mace ta wannan hymenoptera tana jefa jininta a cikin tsutsar tagulla, amma ba haka kawai ba, amma a cikin wani wuri na musamman - cibiyar jijiyoyin ciki, wanda ke da alhakin motsin ƙwarin. Wanda aka azabtar da scolia ya kasance da rai amma shanyayye. Don haka ba ya lalacewa muddin yana yiwuwa. Wannan guguwa mai cin nama tana sanya kwai a cikin ciki na tsutsa. Tsutsar da aka ƙyanƙyashe daga gare ta ba ta cin abincinta farat ɗaya. Da farko, ana amfani da gabobi marasa mahimmanci, a hankali yakan kai ga tsarin juyayi da jijiyoyin jini, a ƙarshe ma yana cinye su.
Makiyan kwaroron tagulla kuma na iya haɗawa da mutumin da kowace hanya ke kare gonakinsa da hannu, haka nan kuma da taimakon ilmin sunadarai yana lalata ƙwaro da kansu, kuma a lokaci guda tsutsa, yawanci suna rikita su da wasu makamantan irin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin May ɗin.
Gaskiyar cewa tagulla ba sa buƙatar ɗaga fikafikan yayin tashi yana ba su damar saurin tashi daga tsire-tsire, don guje wa haɗuwa da abokan gaba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: tagulla na zinare
Irin wannan kwarin a duniya abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare kuma ba ya cikin hadari, amma yana iya mutuwa sakamakon fada da wasu kwari da taimakon kwari. Lalacewar tagulla ga aikin noma ba shi da muhimmanci, tun da yawancin bishiyoyi da berriesa fruitan itace da berriesa berriesan itace sukan dushe a lokacin da tagulla ta tafi.
Ana shafar gadaje na furanni zuwa mafi girma. Wasu mutanen da suka riga sunyi sanyi a lokacin balaga sun tashi da wuri kuma suna iya lalata furanni, ƙananan harbe, da tsire-tsire. Manya na iya lalata girbin mulberries, inabi, cherries, cherries mai daɗi, raspberries.
Kwarin ya yadu ko'ina a cikin Turai kuma ana samunsa kusan ko'ina a cikin Asiya, ban da yankunan hamada. Wannan nau'in ba kasafai yake faruwa ba, kodayake kamar yadda wasu bayanai suka nuna, a yankunan da ke da masana'antun da suka ci gaba, ana iya samun keta haddin jinsin kwari (kusan maza sun ninka sau uku), kuma girman su na iya zama dan kadan fiye da na mutane a tsarin tsaftataccen muhalli.
Kyakkyawan Emerald koretagulla ta zinariya galibi masu aikin lambu suna kashe shi, kodayake ba ya cutar da shuke-shuke da yawa. Ana iya yin lura mai ban sha'awa game da rayuwar wannan kwarin tare da yara ta hanyar sanya ƙwaro a cikin babban jirgin ruwa na gilashi ko akwatin kifaye. Za'a iya ba fure, 'ya'yan itatuwa da ruwan' ya'yan itace mai zaki a matsayin abinci.
Ranar bugawa: 04.04.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 19.09.2019 a 13:29
