A cikin ajin dabbobi masu rarrafe, rukunin kada sun hada da wakilai iri-iri. Gavial wanda nau'in jinsin kawai ya wakilta a cikin dangin suna daya. An rarrabe shi da ɗan gajeren bakin bakin ciki, sau uku ko sau biyar fiye da ƙanƙan girman.
Yayinda mutum ya girma, wannan alamar kawai tana ƙaruwa. Don ciyar da kifi, kada yana da hakora masu kaifi, waɗanda suke kaɗan a tsaye. Labarin kasa da mazaunin sa shine Indiya, koguna da kewayen su. A Pakistan, Bangladesh da Burma, irin wadannan samfura sun kusan bacewa. A Nepal, ba mutane fiye da 70 ba.
Bayani
Don haka, dangin Gavial na kada kadarorin suna da nau'in jinsi daya ne kawai -Ganges gavial... Girma mai girma, a lokacin haihuwa kusan ba za'a iya rarrabe shi da sauran nau'ikan iri daban daban ba.
Amma akwai kuma babban fasalin, wanda aka bayyana sosai - kunkuntar bakin bakin ciki da dogon jaws. Tare da shekaru, wannan karbuwa ga abincin kifi yana kara zama sananne, gwargwado suna ta'azara. Bakin elongated ya kai daga 65 zuwa 105 cm.
An samar da bakin gavial da yawan hakora, wadanda suke a hankali kuma a bayyane. Suna da kaifi da tsayi a cikin sifa, daga 24 zuwa 26 a ƙasan muƙamuƙi, kuma sama da 27 a cikin muƙamuƙin sama. Ana bayyane koda da rufaffiyar baki. Duk wannan yana taimaka wa dabbobi masu rarrafe su farauta kuma su ci abin da suka samu.
Kashin kashin baya kwance kamar yadda ake gani a wasu kada. Gaban gaba na muzzle an fadada, yana da wasu kayan aiki masu taushi - wata alama ce wacce ake gane tagavial a cikin hoton.
Wannan shine resonator na sautin da ke faruwa yayin fitarwa. Aruwar ta tunatar da jama'ar yankin game da tukunyar ghara India. Wannan shine yadda sunan jinsin gavial ya fito daga kalmar "ghVerdana". Wannan samuwar ana samun sa ne a kan bakin maza. Tana da rami don ɗaukar iska, saboda haka maza suna zama a ƙarƙashin ruwa fiye da mata.
Hakanan akwai alamomi masu zuwa:
Tsawon jikin namiji ya kai mita 6.6, na mace ya ragu sau 2. Nauyin namiji har zuwa 200 kg. Baya baya launi ne na kofi, tare da launuka masu launin kore da launin ruwan kasa, ɗigon ruwan kasa da ratsi a cikin samari. Tare da girma, duk wannan zangon yana haske. Ciki ya dan rawaya, ya zama fari ko cream a launi.
Ci gaban ƙafa mara kyau, yana sanya motsi akan ƙasa yana da wahala. Gudun rarrafe kawai a ƙasa, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna haɓaka saurin motsi a cikin yanayin ruwa. Galibi ana kwatanta kai da kada mai kama da karya. Abubuwan da aka tsara a cikin yanayin balagaggu sun ƙara zama sirara.
Cketsananan kwandunan ido. Ido yana kiyayewa ta membraing walƙiya don zama cikin ruwa. Utesanƙarar suna farawa a bayan kai kuma tafi zuwa wutsiya, suna ƙirƙirar wani nau'in carapace na layuka 4 na farantin ƙashi waɗanda ke sanye da ridges. A kan wutsiyar akwai ƙira 19 da kuma ma'auni iri ɗaya tare da zage-zage.
Kodayake girman dabbar yana da ban sha'awa, ba ya auka wa mutum, ba a lura da irin wadannan lamuran ba.Girman kada yana matsayi na biyu a girma bayan ɗabi'a (Crocodylus porosus).
Asali
Iyalan Gavial sune tsoffin kada. Asalinsa yana da alaƙa da lokacin da ke faruwa a duniya kusan shekaru miliyan 65 da suka gabata - Cenozoic. Ra'ayinau'in gharials yanzu bai yi aiki ba, saboda ɗayansu ne ya tsira har zuwa yau. Kodayake rami ya nuna nau'ikan halittu guda 12 da aka yi wassu. Abubuwan binciken sun samo asali ba a Indiya kawai ba, har ma a Afirka, Turai, Kudancin Amurka.
Sunaye na Gangetic,Indian gavial daidai suke. Wani suna shi ne kada mai dogon hanci. Yanzu shine kawai jinsin halittu da iyali Gavialidae. Koyaya, bisa ga bayanan encyclopedic, har ila yau ya haɗa da kada mai ban sha'awa, wanda ake la'akari da dangi mafi kusa.
Gidajen zama
Gavial dabba ce (Gavialis gangeticus, lat.) Ba ya farauta a wajen yanayin ruwa, amma galibi yana zuwa bakin teku don yin kwalliya a rana ko lokacin kiwo. A cikin ruwa, ana iya kiran motsinsa mai daɗi, tare da samun saurin gudu, kusan rikodin don kadoji. Wutsiya da sarƙaƙƙiya a ƙafafun bayan na taimaka wa ninkaya. A ina za a iya samun irin waɗannan mutane? Azumi da zurfafa koguna sune mahalli da aka fi so.
Gavial yana zaune a cikin wurare marasa nutsuwa tare da manyan bankuna, suna zaɓar ruwa mai tsafta. Tafkuna masu zurfi a cikin ambaliyar ruwa tare da iyakokin yashi sun dace da shi shima. A can ne yake yin gida-gida kuma yana yin kwalliya - dumama jikin mai rarrafe da hasken rana.
Gida (daga gidan Ingilishi - gida) abu ne na musamman ga manya. Wato, dabi'ar dabbobi masu rarrafe ta komawa gida, zuwa mazaunin da ya gabata, wanda ake furtawa sosai. - A cikin yanayin ruwa, wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna neman yankuna da kifi da yawa.
Yankunan maza suna da tsayi har zuwa kilomita 20 tare da bakin teku. Yankin mata ya kai kilomita 12 a tsayi. Kada da ake magana a kanta tana yawan cinye lokaci a cikin ruwa, wuraren kwanciyar hankali. A kan ƙasa, yana rarrafe ne kawai, yana zamewa a ciki. Amma ci gaban matsakaiciyar gudun ma yana yiwuwa.
Yaɗa
Gavial galibi ana samunsa a Indiya. Yankin shine arewacin Hindustan, wanda aka tsara ta tsarin kogunan Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra. A Pakistan, Bangladesh da Nepal, yanzu kusan ba a same shi ba, domin kuwa ya ɓace a wannan yankin.
A kudanci, wurin zama na halitta ya isa gaɓar Mahanadi (Indiya, jihar Orissa). An kuma gano Gavial a cikin wani yanki na Brahmaputra, Kogin Manas da ke kan iyakar Bhutan da Indiya. Amma yanzu wannan kusan ba zai yiwu a tabbatar ba. Hakanan za'a iya faɗi ga Kogin Kaladan da ke yammacin Burma. Kodayake a farkon karni na XX. makamantan kadoji sun kasance a wurin.
Hali, halayya, salon rayuwa
Ana ɗaukar gavials iyayen kirki. Mata suna da halin musamman da wannan ƙimar. A farkon lokacin saduwa, suna haifar da gida. Sannan suna kula da zuriyar har zuwa farkon lokacin samun yanci.
Irin wadannan kadoji ba sa tashin hankali. Amma yaƙin mata da rarraba yankuna banda wannan dokar. Masu rarrafe masu cin kifi suna zaune ne a cikin iyali da ke da namiji daya da mata da yawa. Al'adun Indiya sun yarda da su azaman dabbobi masu tsarki.
Abin da ke ci, abinci
Farautar Gavial don kifi, wanda shine abincin da ya fi so. Amma kuma tsofaffin mutane suna cin tsuntsaye, ƙananan dabbobi suna zuwa rafin kogin. Abincin kuma ya kunshi kwari, kwadi, da macizai.
Hakanan ana kiyaye gawar cin abinci, gami da gawar mutum. Bayan duk wannan, bisa ga al'ada ana binne su a cikin Ganges, tsarkakken kogi. Saboda wannan gaskiyar, cikin cikin dabba wani lokacin yakan ƙunshi kayan ado. Wannan rarrafe kuma wani lokacin yakan hadiye kananan duwatsu, suna karfafa narkewar shi.
Lokacin farautar kifi, alal misali, kifayen da suka tagu, kadoji ya kama shi tare da motsin kai tsaye, yana motsa shi daga gefe zuwa gefe. Hakoran suna riƙe ganima, suna hana ta zamewa da ficewa. Ga mutane, wannan nau'in ba shi da haɗari, kodayake yana da girma cikin girma.
Sake haifuwa
A lokacin shekarun farko na rayuwa, wani saurayi ya zama mutumin da ya balaga. Tsarin bayyanar dabbobi dabbobi na faruwa a matakai masu zuwa. Lokacin saduwa ya riga ya wuce oviposition. Kadoji suna aiki ne don amfanin kiwo daga Nuwamba zuwa Janairu.
Maza suna cika "harem", suna zaɓar mata da yawa, dangane da abin da ake faɗa a wasu lokuta a tsakanin su. Kuma girma da karfin kada ne ke tantance yawan mata a ciki. Wannan lokacin daga hadi har zuwa kwan kwan yana daukar watanni 3 zuwa 4.
Nesting yana faruwa a lokacin rani - Maris da Afrilu, lokacin da yashi yashi ya buɗe. Mata na haƙa wa kansu rami da daddare don su sa ƙwai a cikin yashi a tazarar mita 3 ko 5 daga ruwa. - A wurin dafa shi, har zuwa ƙwai 90 na ƙwai suna kwanciya (galibi 16 - 60).
Girman su ya kai kusan 65 zuwa 85 mm ko kuma ƙari, nauyinsu ya wuce sauran nau'o'in kada kuma yana da gram 160. Gida an rufe mashi gida ta kayan shuka. - Bayan watanni 2.5, an haifi gavialchiks. Mahaifiyar ba ta ƙaura da su zuwa yanayin ruwa ba, tana koya musu rayuwa da kulawa.
Yanayi na yanayi da girman kada suna tantance girman kamaƙin da aka binne a cikin yashin zurfin ruwa, wanda aka rufe shi da ciyayi. Shiryawa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 90 (a matsakaita), amma kuma yana iya kasancewa daga kwanaki 76 zuwa 105.
Mace tana kare gidan gida, masu kada kansu, kuma tana taimaka musu wajen kyankyasar kwan. Tana zuwa wurin qwai kowane dare. Kowane ɗa namiji yana da ma'amala da mata da yawa, wanda ba a yarda da sauran kadoji ba.
Tsawon rayuwa
Balaga na mace na faruwa ne tun yana da shekara 10 a girman mita 3. Amma bisa kididdiga, a dabi'a, kashi 1 cikin 40 ne kawai ke riskar sa. An kiyasta cewa kashi 98% na gharials ba su kai shekara 3 ba. Saboda haka, matsakaicin yawan jama'a sakamako ne mara kyau.
An yi rikodin ingantaccen bayanai game da ɗayan mata waɗanda ke zaune a Gidan Zoo na London. Yana da shekaru 29. An yi imanin cewa ƙarshen balaga da girma sun ƙaddara tsawon rayuwa. A dabi'a, ana alama ta lokacin 20 ko 30 shekaru. Adadin hukuma na shekaru 28 ba za a iya samunsa ba saboda ayyukan mafarauta, gurɓatar jikin ruwa, magudanan ruwa.
Kariyar jama'a
Canji a yankin mazaunin ƙasa ya faru ne sakamakon farautar wannan dabba. Kuma kuma akwai dalilai masu zuwa. Kisa na mutuwa yayin kamawa da ragar kamun kifi galibi ne. Rage hannayen jari na kifi Rage wuraren zama. - Tattara kwai don maganin cututtuka da dama, farauta don ci gaba akan hanci, wanda shine maganin ciwon huhu wanda ke ƙara ƙarfin namiji.
Hannun jarin abincin da ake buƙata sun ragu a kan lokaci, wanda ke haifar da raguwar lamba. Baya ga abubuwan dabi'a, mafarauta suna cikin damuwa. Yanzun haka halin da ake ciki yana cikin mawuyacin hali, tunda an danniya yawancin alumma.
Amma a Indiya har yanzu suna nan, kamar yadda ake taimaka musu ta hanyar shigar kwai da wucin gadi a gonakin kada. Ana samar da ƙananan dabbobi, waɗanda daga nan aka sake su zuwa cikin mahalli mai kyau. Ana gudanar da adana gwal bisa aikin Gwamnatin India daga 1975, tun 1977.
Shirin don canza wa kadoji masu shekara daya zuwa cikin daji bai inganta ƙaddararsu ba. Don haka daga cikin yara 5,000 da aka saki, kawai mutanen da ke zaune a wurare 3 da ke cikin ajiyar ƙasa sun sami nasarar kiwo.
A cikin 1978, an ɗauki irin wannan matakan a gandun dajin ƙasar Nepal. Anan, a haɗuwa da koguna biyu (Rapti da Rue), ana kiyaye manyan mutane. Abubuwan da suka faru suna da kyakkyawan fata. Koyaya, wannan wakilin da ba a cika samun irinsa ba a cikin Red Book. Dalilin yana cikin hatsari.
Ana iya adana dabbobi masu rarrafe ta hanyar tsarkake kogunan Indiya daga dafin da kuma shara. Amma a yau mazaunin ya ƙazantu sosai. Yanayin rayuwa - tsaftataccen ruwan kogi ba'a sadu dashi azaman wajibcin muhalli ba. Wannan yana nuna cewa jinsin ya lalace. Tsohuwar kada an sanyata azaman kusan ƙarewa kuma mai raunin wakilcin dabbobi.
