Siffar Infusoria - ra'ayi mai mahimmanci. Akwai nau'ikan dubu 7 da suka ɓoye a bayan sunan. Kowane mutum na da tsayayyen jiki. Yana kama da tafin takalmi. Saboda haka sunan mafi sauki. Duk da haka, duk masu haɓaka suna da ƙa'idar aiki, ma'ana, suna daidaita matsin lambar yanayin cikin jiki. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar kwastomomi guda biyu. Suna kwangila kuma basa kwanciya, suna tura ruwa mai yawa daga takalmin.
Bayani da halayen kwayar halitta
Infusoria slipper - mafi sauki dabba. Dangane da haka, kwayar halitta ce. Koyaya, wannan tantanin halitta yana da komai na numfashi, hayayyafa, ciyarwa da cire sharar waje, motsawa. Wannan jerin ayyukan dabbobi ne. Wannan yana nufin cewa sun haɗa da takalma.
Ana kiran mafi sauki kwayoyin halittun unelel don kayan aiki na zamani idan aka kwatanta da sauran dabbobi. Daga cikin kwayoyin unicel, akwai ma siffofin da masana kimiyya suka danganta ga dabbobi da tsirrai. Misali koren euglena ne. Jikinta yana dauke da chloroplasts da chlorophyll, launin shuke-shuke. Euglena tana yin photoynthesis kuma kusan ba ta da motsi a rana. Koyaya, da daddare, unicellular yana ci gaba da ciyar da ƙwayoyin halitta, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwayoyi.
Takalman Infusoria da koren euglena tsaya a gaban dogayen sandunan ci gaban protozoan. Jarumar labarin an yarda da ita a matsayin mafi hadadden kwayoyin cikin su. Af, takalmi wata aba ce ta halitta, tunda tana da alamun gabobi. Waɗannan sune abubuwan da ke cikin tantanin halitta ke da alhakin wasu ayyuka. Ciliates ba su nan daga wasu hanyoyin. Wannan ya sa takalmin ya zama jagora a tsakanin kwayoyin halittar unicel.
Abubuwan haɓaka na ciliates sun haɗa da:
- Kwancen kwangila tare da bututun isarwa. Na karshen suna aiki ne kamar nau'in jirgi. Ta hanyarsu, abubuwa masu haɗari suke shiga cikin tafkin, wanda yake shi ne kwazon kanta. Suna motsawa daga protoplasm - abubuwan ciki na kwayar halitta, gami da cytoplasm da tsakiya.
Jikin ciliates slippers ya ƙunshi kwantaragin aiki biyu. Tattara abubuwa masu guba, suna jefa su tare da yawan ruwa, a lokaci guda suna riƙe matsin lamba na ciki.
- Abincin narkewa. Su, kamar ciki, suna sarrafa abinci. A lokaci guda, injin yana motsawa. A daidai lokacin da kwayar halitta ta kusan zuwa karshen kwayar halittar, abubuwan da ke gina jiki sun riga sun hade.
- Foda. Wannan buɗewa ce a ƙarshen ƙarshen murfin, kwatankwacin na dubura. Aikin foda iri daya ne. Ana cire shara mai narkewa daga tantanin halitta ta hanyar buɗewa.
- Baki. Wannan damuwa a cikin membrane ta cell yana kama ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran abinci, yana aikawa da shi zuwa cikin cytopharynx, wani siraran bakin ciki wanda yake maye gurbin fatar. Samun ta da bakin, takalmin yana yin nau'ikan tsiraici na abinci mai gina jiki, ma'ana, kama ƙwayoyin halittar cikin jiki.
Wani madaidaicin sililin mai sauƙi an yi shi da 2 kernels. Ofayan su babba ne, ana kiran sa macronucleus. Tsakiya na biyu karami ne - micronucleus. Bayanin da aka adana a jikin kwayoyin abu iri daya ne. Koyaya, a cikin micronucleus, ba a taɓa shi ba. Macronucleus bayanai suna aiki, ana amfani dasu koyaushe. Saboda haka, wasu bayanan na iya lalacewa, kamar littattafai a ɗakin karatu na ɗakin karatu. A yayin irin wannan gazawar, micronucleus yana aiki azaman ajiya.
Infusoria silifa a ƙarƙashin madubin likita
Babban gishirin ciliate yana cikin siffar wake. Organananan kwayar halitta ta mai faɗi. Slippers na Organoids infusoria bayyane bayyane a ƙarƙashin haɓakawa. Duk mafi sauki a tsayi bai wuce milimita 0.5 ba. Ga mafi sauki, wannan shine gigantism. Yawancin membobin ajin ba su wuce milimita 0.1 ba.
Tsarin takalmin ciliate
Tsarin takalmin ciliate wani bangare ya dogara da rukuninta. Su biyu ne. Na farko ana kiran sa ciliary saboda an rufe wakilansa da cilia. Waɗannan su ne tsarin-kamar gashi, in ba haka ba ana kiran su cilia. Girman su bai wuce micrometer 0.1 ba. Za a iya rarraba cilia a jikin sililin a ko'ina ko a tara shi a cikin wani nau'ikan daure - cirrus. Kowane cilium shine nau'in fibrils. Wadannan sunadaran filamentous ne. Filaye guda biyu sune jigon cilium, wasu 9 suna kusa da kewaye.
Lokacin da aka tattauna ciliated aji, takalmin ciliates na iya samun dubban cilia. Tsaran tsotsa tsotsa sun banbanta. Suna wakiltar aji na daban, rashin cilia. Tsotar takalmi da baki, pharynx, narkewar narkewa, halayyar mutane "mai gashi", ba su nan. Amma ciliates tsotsa suna da kamannin tanti. Akwai nau'ikan gomman irin wannan akan dubban ciliates.
Tsarin takalmin ciliate
Tanti na takalman tsotsa bututu ne na jini. Suna dauke da abinci mai gina jiki a cikin karshen kwayar halitta. Sauran ladaran suna zama abinci. Watau, tsotsan takalmin farauta ne. Ba a ba da sililin tsotsa, saboda ba sa motsi. Wakilan aji suna da kafar tsotsa ta musamman. Tare da taimakon sa, kwayoyin halittun unicel suna kan wani, misali, kaguwa ko kifi, ko a cikin su da wasu hanyoyin. Ciliated ciliates suna rayayye motsi. A gaskiya, wannan shine abin da ake kira cilia.
Wurin zama mafi sauki
Gwarzuwar labarin tana rayuwa a cikin sabbin tafkunan ruwa masu ƙarancin ruwa tare da ruwa mai kauri da yalwar kwayoyin halitta. Abubuwan dandano sun yarda takalmin ciliate, amoeba... Suna buƙatar tsayayyen ruwa don kada su shawo kan na yanzu, wanda kawai zai tafi da shi. Ruwa mara kyau yana tabbatar da dumi da ake bukata don ayyukan halittun unicellular. Yawaitar ruɓaɓɓen ƙwayoyin halitta shine tushen abinci.
Ta wurin jikewa da ruwa tare da kayan kwalliya, mutum na iya yin hukunci da matakin gurbatar da kududdufin, kududdufi, kwarya Shoesarin takalma, mafi ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki a gare su - lalata kwayoyin halitta. Sanin abubuwan da ke cikin takalmin, ana iya yin su a cikin akwatin kifaye na yau da kullun, banki. Ya isa sanya ciyawa a can kuma cika shi da ruwan kandami. Ciyawar da aka yanke za ta yi amfani da matsakaiciyar hanyar gina jiki.
Habitat ciliates silifa
Rashin son ciliates don ruwan gishiri ya bayyana lokacin da aka sanya shi a cikin ƙananan gishirin tebur. A ƙarƙashin haɓaka, mutum na iya ganin yadda unicellular ke iyo ke nesa da ita. Idan kwayar cutar ta gano tarin kwayoyin cuta, akasin haka, ana tura su zuwa garesu. Wannan shi ake kira rashin hankali. Wannan kayan yana taimaka wa dabbobi su guji mummunan yanayi, su sami abinci da sauran mutane.
Abincin abinci na Infusorian
Abincin abinci na ciliate ya dogara da rukuninsa. Flananan flan iska suna amfani da tanti. A wurinsu tsaya, tsaya, suna yawo a jikin unicel. Infusoria silifa abinci mai gina jiki za'ayi ta hanyar narkar da membrane ɗin tantanin halitta na wanda aka azabtar. Fim ɗin yana cin abinci a wuraren hulɗa tare da tanti. Da farko, wanda aka azabtar, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, kama shi ta hanyar tsari ɗaya. Sauran tanti "sunzo kan teburin da aka riga aka saita."
Ciliated siffar takalmin ciliate ciyarwa akan algae na unicellular, yana kama su a cikin ramin bakin. Daga can, abinci ya shiga cikin huhun hanji sannan kuma ya shiga cikin narkewar abinci. An daidaita shi a kan dokin "makogwaro", ba tare da ɓoye shi ba kowane minutesan mintuna. Bayan wannan, vacuole yana wucewa ta gefen agogo zuwa bayan bayanan. Yayin tafiya, cytoplasm yana cinye abubuwan abinci masu amfani. Sharar ruwa ana jefawa cikin hoda. Wannan rami ne kamar na tsuliya.
'Yan wasan ma suna da cilia a bakinsu. Swaying, suna ƙirƙirar halin yanzu. Yana ɗaukar ƙwayoyin abinci cikin baki. Lokacin da abinci mai narkewar abinci ke sarrafa abinci, sabuwar kwaya za ta kasance. Hakanan yana haɗuwa da pharynx kuma yana karɓar abinci. Tsarin yana zagayawa. A yanayin zafin jiki na kwanciyar hankali, wanda yake kusan digiri 15 a ma'aunin Celsius, ana samar da kwayar abinci a kowane minti 2. Wannan yana nuna yawan saurin takalmin.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Takalmin Infusoria a cikin hoto na iya zama sau 2 fiye da daidaito. Wannan ba ruɗin gani bane. Ma'anar tana cikin kebantattun abubuwa na haifuwa guda-guda. Akwai tsari iri biyu:
- Jima'i. A wannan yanayin, ciliates biyu suna haɗuwa tare da saman fuskokin su. Bawo ya narke a nan. Yana juya wata gada mai haɗawa. Ta hanyarsa ne kwayoyin halitta suke canza tsakiya. Manya manyan sun narke gaba ɗaya, kuma ƙananan sun raba sau biyu. Uku daga cikin nuclei da suka haifar sun bace. Sauran an sake raba su. Kwayoyin nan biyu da suka haifar sun koma kwayar dake kusa da su. Gabobi biyu ma suna fitowa daga gare ta. A cikin wuri na dindindin, ɗayansu ya canza zuwa cikin babbar cibiya.
- Asexual. An kuma kira shi rabo. ‘Yan ciliates din sun kasu kashi biyu, kowanne. Kwayar tana rarraba. Ya zama biyu. Kowane - tare da cikakken saitin tsakiya da kuma sauran sassan gabobin. Ba sa rabuwa, ana rarraba su tsakanin sababbin ƙwayoyin halitta. Elwayoyin da suka ɓace suna haɗuwa ne bayan ƙwayoyin sun rabu da juna.
Kamar yadda kake gani, yayin haihuwar jima'i, adadin ciliates ya kasance iri ɗaya. Wannan shi ake kira conjugation. Musayar bayanan kwayoyin ne kawai ke faruwa. Adadin ƙwayoyin yana zama iri ɗaya, amma su kansu protozoa hakika sababbi ne. Musayar halitta yana sa ciliates ya zama mai ƙarfi. Sabili da haka, takalma suna amfani da haifuwa ta jima'i a cikin yanayi mara kyau.
Idan yanayi ya zama mai mahimmanci, unicellular cysts suna samuwa. Daga Girkanci wannan fassarar an fassara ta da "kumfa". Iliaƙƙarfan abin ƙyama, ya zama na sarari kuma an rufe shi da harsashi mai yawa. Yana kare jiki daga mummunar tasirin muhalli. Mafi sau da yawa, takalma suna shan wahala daga bushewa daga tafkunan ruwa.
Sake bugun takalman ciliates
Lokacin da yanayi ya zama abin dogaro, mafitsara na faɗaɗa. Ciliates suna ɗaukar siffar da suka saba. A cikin mafitsara, ciliates na iya zuwa na tsawon watanni. Jiki yana wani irin bacci. Kasancewar takalmin da aka saba yana ɗaukar makonni biyu. Bugu da ari, kwayar halitta ta raba ko wadatar da jigidar halittarta.
