Wakilin babban dangin salmon, bawo kifi ko cuku abu ne na kama kifi mai son kifi da kamun kifi a sikelin masana'antu, da kiwo a gonakin kifi.
Bayani da fasali
Peled - kifin ruwa mai hade da irin kifin farin kifi na dangin kifin salmon, launin toka mai launin toka mai dauke da karfen karafa, yayin da bayan kifin ya kusan baki. Akwai birgewa mai ban sha'awa a saman kai. Arshen dorsal fin da kai suna da diga-digo da ɗigon duhu.
Muƙamuƙin na sama ya rataye kaɗan bisa ƙananan. Wannan fasalin tsarin da adadi mai yawa na gill masu ba da gudummawa ya ba da damar iya ware cuku tsakanin sauran wakilan farin kifi. Jikin peled ɗin yana da babban tsayi mai tsayi, ya daidaita daga gefuna.
Abubuwan da ke gefen gill na yankewa kuma wutsiya wani lokacin na iya samun jan launi. Kamar kowane dangin kifin salmon, peled din yana da fin din adipose a bayansa kusa da wutsiya. Sikeli ya dace sosai da jikin kifin.
A lokacin lokacin saduwa da lokacin bazara, launin cuku yana haske, ya zama shuɗi mai haske a kai da baya. A lokacin da ake taƙama, ana yin farin tubercles na farin epithelial tare da tsawon tsawon gefen cuku. Masunta suna kiran su masu saka lu'u-lu'u, waɗanda aka daidaita su da ƙarshen lokacin bazara. Peled a cikin hoton Shin babban misali ne na irin wannan canjin launi.
Matsakaicin nauyin kifi kusan 500-700 g ne, kodayake akwai samfurin da ya kai kilogiram 5 cikin nauyi da rabin mita a tsayi. Cuku yana rayuwa a matsakaici -10 shekaru. Wasu mutane suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 13. Wurin da aka keɓe na peled yana cikin ruwan Amur da kogunan da ke kaiwa ga Tekun Arctic.
An samo peled a cikin tafkunan arewacin yankin Eurasia - daga Kolyma a gabas zuwa Mezen a yamma. Hakanan, ana iya samun cuku sau da yawa a cikin rafin Central Russia da kuma yankunan kudancin Siberia, inda yake da yawa ta hanyar kayan aiki. Mafi yawan jama'ar peled ana zaune da Kogin Ob.
Peled jinsunan
Ichthyology ya bambanta iri uku na peled:
- kogi - yana yin rayuwarsa a cikin koguna, yana da alamun saurin ci gaba, balaga tana faruwa a shekara ta uku da kasancewar;
- tabki na yau da kullun - yana rayuwa a cikin tabkuna, ba tare da barin iyakar tafkin asalin ƙasar da aka haife shi ba;
- dwarf lacustrine - yana zaune a ƙananan tafkuna tare da talauci mai laushi, yana girma a hankali, ba ya kai matsayin ƙimar talakawa.
Zamanin kogi da iri iri iri suna girma 50-60 cm a tsayi kuma suna kaiwa matsakaicin nauyin 2-3 kilogiram, wani lokacin ma fiye da haka. Nauyin lacustrine dwarf na peled bai ma isa 0.5 kilogiram ba.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Baƙin da aka ƙwace ya fi son tsayayyen ruwa, tabkuna da tafkuna waɗanda babu saurin gudu a cikinsu. Wannan yanayin kifin yana sa kiwo ya zama da sauki. Nau'in kogin da ke gabansa yana yin ƙaura mai tsawo tare da gadajen kogin. Peled ba ya iyo a cikin teku, kodayake lokaci-lokaci yakan haɗu a cikin ƙananan gishirin Kara Bay.
Peled yana jin daɗin zama a cikin tabkuna da ke kewaye, wanda ke son amfani da shi a cikin kamun kifi na kandami. Cuku ba shi da izini ga yanayin rayuwa. Har ma yana jure ruwan dumi sosai a hankali, amma har yanzu ruwan da ya dace da shi bai kamata ya fi digiri 22 ba.
Gurasan cuku suna ƙoƙari su zauna a cikin garken tumaki, dabbobin matasa suna da ruwa a bakin teku da ciyayi na ƙasa. Wasu mutane masu ƙarfi sun rabu da garken a lokacin rani mai dumi kuma suna samun mafaka a cikin zurfin.
Wani lokaci lacustrinekogi peled yana shiga cikin ruwan dutsen deltas, amma bai taɓa isa teku ba, don haka yi magana game da sifar peled teku - Kuskure, tunda cuku shine mazaunin ruwa mai kyau.
A lokacin bazara, lokacin da manyan yankuna na Arctic suka cika ambaliyar ruwa, kifayen suna rugawa gaba-gaba zuwa yankunan da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye, inda suke samun abinci mai yawa. Cuku yana kula da ruwa da kwari, inda yawancin abinci ke tara shi ta bazara. Koyaya, idan ruwan ya janye, sai ya koma madatsun ruwansa.
Gina Jiki
Peled ciyarwa akan ƙananan crustaceans da zooplankton. Lokacin da irin wannan abincin ya ɓace, cuku yana zuwa abincin kwari, tsutsotsi, ƙwayoyin jini, amphipods, gammarids.
Peled — kifi masu farauta, abincin nata ya hada da kayan marmari da sauran kifi, don haka akwai yiwuwar tsutsotsi su shiga jikinta tare da abinci. Mai saukin kamuwa ga mamaye cuku da tsutsotsi ke ƙayyade yankin maƙwabcinsa.
Yana da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar yayin cikin ruwa guda tare da cyprinids, wanda aka gane a matsayin masu ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta. Rarraba gaskiyar kamuwa da cuta ba shi da wahala.
Tsutsar tsutsotsi suna kama da dunkulallen hatsi fari kama da shinkafa. Ko kadan shakkar cewa kifin ya kamu, ya kamata ku ƙi cin shi. Bayan kutsawa cikin jikin mutum, tsutsotsi a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci sun isa kyallen hanta da gallbladder, wanda a ciki suke kwan ƙwai da sauri.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Daga soya zuwa matakin manya bawo kifi ya bunkasa cikin watanni shida, amma, an gama balaga a cikin jinsunan kogin har zuwa shekaru 3, a cikin jinsunan kogin - zuwa shekaru 5-7. Baƙen rai ya rayu shekaru 8-11. Kifi mai yawa ya tafi spawn kan ya kai shekaru 6.
Don sake haifuwa, yana buƙatar wurare masu nutsuwa tare da ruwa mai tsafta. Lokacin jinkiri yana faɗuwa a farkon kaka, a wasu shekaru a farkon hunturu, lokacin da kankara ke bayyana akan ruwan tafkin. Don haka, yanayin yanayi yana tantance lokacin farawa, wanda zai iya shimfidawa daga Satumba zuwa Disamba.
Wurin da za a samar da wuraren da za a tsirar da tabkin zai zama wuraren da maɓuɓɓugan ke fitowa, da kuma kogi - yankin da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa tare da ƙanƙara ko ƙasa mai yashi da ƙarancin zafin ruwan da ke kwarara. Haɗin al'ada na peled ya ƙunshi ruwan ɗumi wanda bai fi digiri 8 ba, ya fi kusa da sifili.
Mace da aka yiwa kwalliya na iya ba da kusan ƙwai dubu 80 kimanin 1.5 mm a faɗi, kalar rawaya, kwatankwacin kalar ƙasan pebbles. Nan da nan bayan ƙyanƙyashe, tsutsa ta kai 7-8 mm a tsawon jiki.
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, bayan sati daya zuwa biyu, sun riga sunyi kokarin cin zooplankton. Lokacin shiryawa yana ɗauka ne daga watanni 6 zuwa 8, toya ƙyanƙyashe lokacin da ƙwanƙwasa ya fara. Bayan resor na jakar kwai, an ciyar da samari gaba daya akan zooplankton.
Farashi
A al'adance, farashin kifin da ke cikin ruwa tsari ne mai girma fiye da na kifin teku, wanda ke da babbar hujja wajen yanke shawarar wane kifi - nautical ko kogi - ba da fifiko.
Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, kifin kogi, gami da kogi peled, yayi kama da darajar abinci mai gina jiki da naman kaji kuma ana ɗaukarsa tushen wadataccen furotin ga jiki. Hakanan peled nama yana da halayen gastronomic masu girma, yana da taushi, kusan ba tare da ƙasusuwa ba, yana da ɗanɗano kamar naman omul, yana da amfani ƙwarai, kamar naman dukkanin kifin kifi.
Nama da peviar caviar dauke da adadi da yawa wadanda suka dace da lafiyar tsarin kulawa, tsarin hanji, na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, wanda ya shafi aikin sabunta kwayar halitta a jiki:
- chromium - yana ba da kwarin gwiwa na matakan sikarin cikin jini;
- potassium - kula da sautin tsokar zuciya;
- phosphorus - yana daidaita ayyukan tsarin haihuwa;
- alli - yana da sakamako mai kyau akan ƙashi da ƙoshin hakori.
Yin amfani da tsari peled nama a cikin abinci yana inganta natsuwa, yana kawar da alamomin gajiya na yau da kullun, yana inganta bacci mai ƙoshin lafiya, yana taimakawa wajen kawar da bayyananniyar damuwa da rashin jin daɗi, faɗa cikin rikice-rikice a cikin aikin hanji, inganta yanayin fata da gashi.
Za a iya siyan cuku a shagunan kifi na musamman ko manyan kantunan. Yawancin lokaci akan sayar da kifi ne a cikin sabon daskararre, kyafaffen ko busasshiyar siga.
Farashin peled ya dogara da nau'in sarrafawa, da girma: manyan ƙimomi suna da daraja sama da ƙananan. A cikin Moscow, matsakaicin farashin kiri na kilogram na peled yana jujjuyawa kusan 200-400 rubles:
- bushe bawo - 375 rubles a kowace kilogiram;
- kyafaffen peled - 375 rubles a kowace kilogiram;
- sabo ne mai daskarewa - 215 rubles a kowace kilogiram.
Hakanan suna cin caviar peled, wanda ya ƙunshi dukkan abubuwa masu amfani a cikin tsari mai mahimmanci. Farashin sayarwa na katako na gram 450 na caviar mai ɗauke da sauƙi shine 900-1000 rubles.
Kamawa peled
Duk da cewa cuku nau'ikan kasuwanci ne masu daraja, ba za'a iya kiran girman kamun nasa da girma ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa kifi ya fi son jikin ruwa a wani yanki mai nisa kuma ba shi da yawa, kuma a wasu lokuta ba a zaune yankunan arewa kwata-kwata.
Kamawa peled an gudanar da shi kusa da townsan garuruwa da ƙauyukan Arctic. Can baya a zamanin Soviet, kamun ruwan pele da kyar ya kai tan 200 a shekara, kuma a wannan lokacin wannan adadi ya ma fi ƙasa. Saboda haka, ba ma'ana a yi magana game da kamun kifin masana'antu don cuku. Peled abu ne mai kyau don kamun kifin wasanni a yankunan arewacin ƙasar.
Na kama peled za'a iya samar dashi duk tsawon shekara. Ba ta jin daɗi saboda ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga lafiyarta a duk tsawon lokacin sanyi. A karshen watan Fabrairu, lokacin da kayan abinci na madatsun ruwa suka ƙare, kifayen suna ninkaya zuwa saman ruwa a ƙarƙashin kankara sosai, wanda hakan ke ƙara haɗarin zama farauta ga masunci.
Mafi kyawun yanayi don kamun cuku sune kaka, hunturu da bazara. A lokacin bazara, kamun kifi ya kasance kasancewar kasancewar isasshen abincin ƙasa a cikin tafki. Koyaya, kamun kifi na da ƙalubale a wasu lokuta na shekara. Idan babu plankton, kifin zai canza zuwa ciyar da kwayoyin halittu, kuma bait na yau da kullun zai daina sha'awar su.
Baƙƙen fata yana jin kunya, saboda haka shiru shine yanayin da ya fi dacewa don kama shi, yayin simintin ya kamata a yi shi gwargwadon iko. Zai fi kyau mai baka ya zaɓi albarushin da ya haɗu da launi tare da shimfidar ƙasa kewaye.
Fantsama ruwa da da'irori na musamman zasu taimaka wurin tantance wurin kifin. An yi imanin cewa idan cuku bai bayyana a cikin sa'a ɗaya ba, yana nufin cewa babu ɗaya ko kaɗan, kuma yana da daraja neman wani wuri.
A lokacin hunturu, zaku iya amfani da sandar kamun kifi na yau da kullun, kuma a lokacin rani zaiyi tasiri don amfani da sandar shaƙatawa ba tare da amfani da mashigar ruwa ba. Bugu da kari, gogaggen masunta suna amfani da shi kamun kifi tashi kifi da sanda na mita 5, seines da gillnets.
Cizon cuku kamar mai kaifi ne. Manyan samfura na iya zama da wuya a yi wasa. Anan, ana bukatar taka tsantsan yayin da ake haɗawa, tun da leɓunan da aka huɗa na peled suna da taushi, kuma yana iya ɓarkewa da sauƙi zuwa zurfin. A wannan yanayin, dole ne ku gwada ƙugiya tare da gajeren gajeren motsi.
Lokacin kamun kifi, ana amfani da layi tare da diamita 0.2 mm, an zaɓi ƙugiya don lamba 4 ko 5. Don kamun kifi a kan peled, pobradok yana da amfani - sandar talakawa mai tsawon mita, wanda aka haɗa layin mita 3-4 zuwa biyu tare da leashes biyu ko uku ba tare da shawagi da masu zina ba.
Ana amfani da alamu da yawa a lokaci ɗaya. Masunci ya gangara zuwa ƙasa yana ƙoƙarin laka ruwan, kasancewar ruwan lakar yana jawo cuku. Kifin yana fatan samun abinci a cikin gajimare. Lura da ƙugiyar, peled ɗin ya kama shi.
Kuma masunta, ta hanyar riƙe gemu a kusa da ƙafafunsu, suna samun sauƙin kamawa. Gudun kogin yana ɗaukar bait, don haka lokaci-lokaci dole ne a ja da baya. Bayan kimanin kwata na awa ɗaya na irin wannan kamun kifi, ya zama dole a yi tafiyar mitoci da yawa sama da kogin kuma maimaita dabarar.
A lokacin bazara, masu kamun kifi sun yi amfani da tsutsar ciki, mollusks ko ƙwarjin jini don koto. Maggot ba ta da tasiri sosai, amma wani lokacin ana amfani da ita. Peled yana son tsayawa a nesa na kusan mita da rabi daga ƙasa.
A lokacin sanyi, zai zama mafi kyau duka don maye gurbin live baits da jig. Kuna iya ƙara ingancin kamun kifi a cikin hunturu tare da taimakon ramuka masu inuwa: ƙwararrun masu sana'a suna rufe da'irar ramin da dusar ƙanƙara don inuwar daga ƙwanƙolin dusar ƙanƙaniyar ta mamaye saman ruwan a cikin ramin.
An gina murfin dusar ƙanƙan kusan tsawan mita. Ana saka baitin kusan 5 cm daga gefen layin kankara a cikin haɗuwa da ruwa. Idan wannan dabarar bata yi aiki ba, zaku iya gwada saukar da bait zuwa zurfin matsakaici, ko sanya shi kai tsaye ƙarƙashin kankara.
Baya ga kamun kifi a cikin yanayin yanayi, cuku na da ban sha'awa kamar kifin kandami don noma a gonaki. Ana kiɗa a Tsakiyar Rasha, a arewa da tsakiyar Turai, har ma a Tsakiyar Asiya.
