Zander gama gari shi ne kifin mai matsakaiciyar sikila. Masana ilimin halittu suna daukar pike perch a matsayin daya daga cikin jinsin dangin dangi. Masunta - a matsayin abin kamun kifi. Chefs da matan gida - a matsayin tushen abincin kifi.
Pike perch sananne ne a matsakaici da manyan koguna na Eurasia. A arewa, ana samun sa a bakin kogunan Siberia. A cikin Gabas mai nisa, ana iya kama shi a cikin ruwan Tafkin Hanko. A kudu, ya mallaki koguna da tafkunan Anatolia. A yamma, pike perch ya mallaki duk yankunan ruwa na Turai.
Bayani da fasali
Zander — kifi mai cin nama. Ya yi daidai da ruwa mai sanɗa guda biyu, sanannen mashahuri kuma mai farautar dabbobi: perch da pike. Jiki na pike-perch yana kama da pike, tsawaitacce, tare da ɗan matse gefen gefe. Yana farawa da hancin hanci, manna hanci.
Baki, kamar yadda ya dace da mai farauta, yana da girma. Dukansu muƙamuƙin sun ba da canines a sarari, biyu a kan ƙananan muƙamuƙi biyu a kan babba. Teethananan, kaifi, haƙoran hakora suna baya da tsakanin canines. A bayyane yake, irin wannan kayan aikin na maxillofacial na iya kamowa da kuma riƙe kifin da ke da rai.
Don kama farauta, dole ne ku fara gani ku ji shi. Tsarin gani shine nau'in tsinkayen farko wanda pikeperch ya dogara dashi. Idanun kifin suna da girma, zagaye, masu launin iris mai ruwan kasa. A cikin koguna da tabkuna, ruwa ba koyaushe yake cikakke cikakke ba. Amma hangen nesa na ɓarkewar jirgin ba ya kasawa.
A gaban gangaren kan zander, akwai hancin hancin: ramuka biyu a gaban kowace ido. Daga cikinsu akwai hanyoyi na ciki zuwa gabobin ƙanshi. Ba kamar gabobin gano ƙanshi ba, na'urar jin ji da kunnuwan kullun ba ta da kayan haɗin waje. Ana watsa sauti ta cikin kasusuwa na kokon kai zuwa na’urar ji da ji na hagu da dama. Pike perch yana da kyakkyawan ji. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa kifin yana jin ƙarar da ake fitarwa a gabar teku, misali, ƙafafun ɗan adam.
Ba kamar ji ba, ba a gwada gabobin dandano na pike perch ba. Amma suna. Groupsungiyoyi ne na ƙwayoyin rashi masu saurin yaduwa a cikin baki da cikin jiki. Kwayoyin azanci suna yin aikin taɓawa. Ba a keɓance su zuwa takamaiman wuri ba. Pike perch "yana ji tare da fata" ya taɓa.
Mafi kyawun gabobin kifi shine layin layi. Yana gudana tare da jiki. Cutangaren sashin layi na layin shine magudanar ruwa tare da ƙwayoyin rai. An haɗa shi da duniyar waje ta ƙananan ramuka. Aika bayanai ga kwakwalwar kifi game da shugabanci da ƙarfin kwararar ruwa. Kifin da ya rasa gani zai iya rayuwa bisa ga bayanai kawai daga layin gefe.
A cikin pike-perch, ana iya lura da layin layi tare da tsawon tsawon hanyar sa. Yana farawa daga operculums. An shirya su kamar wainar burodi: da farko akwai masu layi, sannan masu rufewa, sannan murfin, kuma a karshe masu binciken. Wannan ƙirar tana ba da amintaccen buɗewa da rufewa na raƙuman gill.
Arshen ƙarewa yana farawa a matakin da gill yake rufewa. Yana kusan kusan dukkanin layin bayan jiki kuma ya kasu kashi biyu. Na farko ya ƙunshi sp-15 12-15. Sashi na biyu na ƙarshen ƙwanƙolin dorsal ya ta'allaka ne da haskoki kamar na 20. Lokacin da aka buɗe, ƙarshen ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙwasa, musamman rabin farkonta, yayi kama da ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙwasa kuma ba shi ƙasa da shi a taurin kai.
Inda ƙarewar ƙarshen ta ƙare a zander, wutsiya ta fara. Hakanan, bi da bi, yana da kamanceceniya, daidaita daidaituwa tare da lobes masu ƙarfi. Girman da zane na fin ɗin ya nuna cewa mallakar kifin mai sauri ne.
Kamar dorsal fin, wutsiyar fin, in ba haka ba fin ƙarfin fin na pike perch ba a gyara ba. An ɗauke da sanduna 3, ɓangare an rufe shi da fata. Partananan ɓangaren jikin pike perch an sanye shi da ƙarin masu haɓaka biyu: pectoral da ƙashin ƙugu. Dukansu gabobin ninkaya suna hade, masu daidaituwa.
Girman jiki, cikakkun bayanai game da jikin mutum, gabobin ji suna fuskantar yanayin rayuwa. Halin yanayi na pike perch shine haɗiyar abincin ganima. Wani lokacin su kifin kifi ne, kwaɗi, amma galibi suna zama kifi. Raffen da aka kama na iya zama babba ko ƙarami, amma koyaushe yana da wayo.
Sabili da haka, pharynx da esophagus na pike perch suna da ƙarfi da na roba. Ciki baya kasa na roba. Duk gabobin ciki na pike perch ana sanya su a haɗe a cikin ɓangaren sama kuma suna kusa da kai. Wani sashi tafi ƙarƙashin gill.
Yankin ciki kusan kyauta ne. Yana cika idan zander ta haɗiye kifin. Cikin da ya ɓata rai ya ɗauki sararin fanko a baya. Bayan ya hadiye kifin, sai pike din ya jira ya narke shi gaba daya, sai daga baya ya koma farauta.
Irin
Jirgin pike na yau da kullun yana da hasan uwa. Dukansu suna cikin dangin Percidae, sunan gama-gari na dangi shine perch. Jinsin da ke tattare da nau'in pike-perch yana dauke da sunan kimiyya Sander. Ya hada da nau'ikan 9.
- Jirgin ruwa na gama gari. Mafi na kowa da sanannun nau'in. Sunan tsarin sa shine Sander lucioperca.
- Yellow pike perch. An haɗu da mai nazarin halittu a ƙarƙashin sunan Sander vitreus. Don launi mai haske na fins, ana kiran wannan nau'in sau da yawa pike perch.
- Yankin Arewacin Amurka shine Kanada pike. An samo shi a cikin Kogin St. Lawrence, ya ƙware a mashigarta da tabkuna da aka haɗa cikin wannan tsarin ruwan. Sander canadensis shine sunan kimiyya na wannan mazaunin Sabuwar Duniya.
- Tekun jirgin ruwa - kadai jinsin da ya sayi sabon kogi da ruwan tabki domin teku. Yana zaune a cikin yankin Caspian da yankunan bakin teku. Sunan Latin shine Sander marinus.
- Endasashen Rasha shine Volga pike perch. Masunta da mazauna yankin suna kiransa bersh. Ba a yi la'akari da wannan kifin a matsayin ɗan fashin jirgin ruwa ba, amma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin jinsin jinsunan kifaye masu farauta. Kodayake bersh nau'in nau'in pike ne tare da sunan tsarin Sander olgensis.
Pike perch yana da sunaye da yawa iri ɗaya. Mazaunan arewa maso yamma sun san Ladoga pike perch, da masunta Novgorod suna kama da kwalekwalen Ilmen, mazaunan Karelia suna kama kifin Chelmuzh. Akwai wasu sunaye na gida: Syrdarya pike perch, Ural pike perch, Amudarya pike perch, Kuban pike perch, Don pike perch, kogin pike perch... Lokacin da suke magana game da kullun pike gabaɗaya, suna kiran wannan sunan ba tare da cancanta da siffofi ba, suna nufin kullun pike na yau da kullun. Za a iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin shugaban shuwagabannin yara.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Kullun jirgin ruwan pike shine kifin ruwa mai kyau, amma ya wanzu ta siffofi biyu: mazaunin, mazauni ko mai tundra, da kuma rashin nutsuwa. Yawancin nau'ikan kifayen sun yi la'akari da ciyarwa a wuraren da koguna ke hada sabbin koramu da ruwan gishirin tekuna a matsayin mafi kyawun dabarun rayuwa. Don ci gaba da jinsi, suna hawa zuwa saman koguna da rafuka. Sander-anadromous zander shima yana nuna hali.
Wurin zama na dindindin yana hade da teku. Wannan na iya zama, alal misali, yankin ruwan gishiri dan kadan na Azov ko tekun Caspian. Anan yake ciyar da kayan kwalliya, gobies, sabrefish. Don haɓakawa, ƙananan haɗarin pike yana shiga cikin koguna kuma ya tashi tare da rafin. Sau da yawa spawning yana faruwa ne a ɗan tazara daga teku, a cikin Volga ko Ural Delta.
Semi-anadromous pike perch ana samunsa a cikin adadi mai yawa a cikin yankunan bakin teku na Baltic. Yana kiyaye bakin koguna a cikin Gulfs na Riga da Finland. A halin yanzu, tare da ɗimbin kusan ruwa mai ɗanɗano, suna ɗaukar kifin tare da ruwan tashar jirgin ruwa. Pike perch yana son irin waɗannan wuraren kuma ya zauna kusa da madatsun ruwa, koguna, da ambaliyar ruwa.
Semi-anadromous pike perch galibi ya fi na masu zama girma. Wannan mai yiwuwa ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, pike perch, wanda baya birgima zuwa teku don ciyarwa, yana da ƙaramar ganima azaman abinci. Hanyoyin zama na zander suna zaɓar koguna, tafkuna, da tafkunan ruwa iri daban daban a matsayin wurin kasancewar su koyaushe. Babban yanayin: kuna buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, kuma ingancinsa ya zama mai girma.
A cikin tafkin da aka zaɓa don rayuwa, pike perch yana samun wurare masu zurfi. A ƙasan, kasancewar snags da duwatsu kyawawa ne. Pike perch yana da buƙatu masu yawa a ƙasan ƙasa. Ba shi da kyau ga yankunan da ya cika da algae. Ya fi son duwatsu, wurare masu yashi.
A kan wannan ƙanƙan dutse, '' farin ciki '' na rairayin rairayin bakin teku yana zuwa farauta. Yana yin wannan a kowane lokaci na rana. Pike perch yana zaɓar sa'o'i da yawa na rana don hutawa. Wadda yake ciyarwa a tsakanin duwatsu da daskararru a cikin wurin waha.
Yin kamun kifi
Ana kama Zander a kowane lokaci na shekara. Daya daga cikin mafi kyaun yanayi don wannan shine hunturu. Ana amfani da cokali sau da yawa azaman magance. An maye gurbin ta da ma'auni. Wannan nau'in kaya ne na zamani. Hakanan a cikin ruwan buɗewa, ana iya ɗaukar zander a kan tulle.
Don irin wannan kamun kifin, ana siyan kifin tulka a gaba. Ana ajiye shi a cikin firiji har zuwa kamun kifi. A kan kankara, zaka iya ciyar da kifin 20-25 kowace rana. Ba shi yiwuwa a faɗi nawa ne zai kawo matsalar pike.
Don kamun kifin mai cike da nasara, babu isassun abubuwan da za a iya magance su, kuna buƙatar ilimin tafki, wuraren da manyan pike perch ke iya tsayawa. Wannan shine, ramuka, burrows tare da snags a kasa. Lokacin hunturu, kamun kifi a tsaye yana ba da damar kamawa.
Tare da zuwan bazara, ƙwarewar zander na iya raguwa. Tare da narkewar kankara, dusar kankara, ruwa ya fara isa. A wannan lokacin, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar sandar kode. Neman wuraren da pike perch ya zauna ba da wahala ba musamman. A lokacin bazara, yana haɗuwa a ƙananan garken tumaki waɗanda ke kusa da ramuka na lokacin hunturu.
Wayoyi masu juyawa daga ƙasa suna ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za'a nemo pike perch. Wani samfurin da aka kama yana nuna cewa ya kamata a ci gaba da jigging a wannan wurin. Irin wannan ƙirar mai sauƙi yana ba mu damar ɗaukar kamun bazara.
Zuwan bazara yayi daidai da farkon lokacin bazara: pike perch ya sami nauyi kafin haihuwa. A wannan lokacin, sandunan juyawa suna ba ku damar kama kifi da ƙyama ta daban: cokali ko sprat iri ɗaya. A lokacin ɓatancin haihuwa da ɗan lokaci bayanta, ɓarkewar jirgin ba ta mai da martani ga dabarun masunci ba.
Motsawa daga tashin hankali, kifin ya sake sabunta ƙoshinsa. Kifin lokaci-lokaci yana nuna son rai: yana fara watsi da ƙudirin da a baya ya yi aiki ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba. Gaba ɗaya, bazara lokaci ne mai wahala don kifi. Don neman hanyar kusanci da shi, masunci dole ne ya riƙa neman wurare mafi kyau da kyawawan ƙira.
Troll hanya ce da ake amfani da ita ta kamun kifi. Ana iya la'akari da shi azaman ingantaccen hanyar zamani ta kamun kifi akan waƙa. Bugawa ta wannan hanyar suna da tasiri a kowane lokaci na shekara, musamman a lokacin bazara.
Ana amfani da nau'ikan juyawa daban-daban azaman koto don tursasawa. Wobblers suna shahara. Kwarin dama da zurfin da aka jefa shi abubuwa biyu ne na nasarar zander trolling. Wannan ya tabbatar da yawan zander a cikin hoton.
Masunta suna karkata ga hanyoyin gargajiya suna zaɓar kamun kifi na kai tsaye. A cikin wannan sigar, yawancin ya dogara da mahimmancin ƙarfi, motsi na kifin bututun ƙarfe. Sau da yawa ana zaba murdiya a matsayin kayan aiki na gama gari. Wannan tabbataccen gwagwarmaya ne wanda ke aiki cikin nasara a lokacin rani da damuna.
Gina Jiki
Sabuwar haihuwar tsutsa tana cin abincin zooplankton, kowane irin diaptomuses, cyclops. Girma, yana wucewa zuwa ƙwayoyin kwari, sauran kifaye, ɓataccen invertebrates. Sannan tadpoles da kananan kifi suna cikin abinci.
Nau'in zama da na ƙananan anadromous suna da irin wannan abincin. Amma pike-perch da ke zaune a wuraren da koguna ke kwarara zuwa cikin teku suna da zaɓi mafi fadi. Abincin da suka ci karo da shi ya fi girma, don haka suna girma da sauri. Bugu da kari, suna buƙatar ƙarin riba mai yawa don tafiya zuwa wuraren da spawning na zander.
Lokacin samun abinci daga pike perch, wata keɓaɓɓiyar haɗuwa da tsarin gabobin cikin ta ya bayyana. Bayan haɗiye orarami ko preasa da babbar ganima, sai pike perch ya miƙe a cikin mafaka kusa da dutse ko itacen busasshe kuma yana jiran ƙarshen narkewar kifin da aka kama. Sannan ya koma inda yake farauta.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Duk cikin kewayon sa, Pike perch ya fara shirya don haihuwa a watan Fabrairu-Afrilu. Sander-anadromous zander ya shiga cikin kogin Delta. Zai iya yaduwa daga ƙasan Delta zuwa wuraren da ke da nisan kilomita da yawa daga sama.
Wnaddamarwa a cikin Volga da Ural Delta suna ɗaukar makonni 2-3, daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa Mayu 5-10. A cikin dumamar Kura, pike perch spawn na daidai makonni 2-3, amma aikin yana farawa a ƙarshen Fabrairu.
Don haɓakawa, raƙuman ruwa, tabkuna, rassan rafin da ya cika, an zaɓi matattarar ruwa mai rauni. Matan pike na yau da kullun suna yin ƙwai a ɗan tazara daga bakin teku. Duk wani abu da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa ya dace a matsayin tushen shimfiɗa caviar: itacen bushewa, tushe, duwatsu.
Tsarin spawning sabon abu ne. Kafin haihuwa, namiji ya tsarkake gidan da aka nufa. Sannan an kirkiro ma'aurata. Namiji ya kawo ɗayan da aka zaɓa a shafin da ya dace da lalata. Mace ta saukar da kanta, ta tayar da wutsiya, ta tsinci kanta cikin kusan tsaye.
Tsarin sakin caviar ya fara. A lokaci guda, mace ba ta yin motsi kwatsam. Fitowar ƙwai yana motsawa ta juyawar jela. Mahalkas, kamar yadda masunta ke kiransu, ana bayyane akan saman ruwan. Ana lura da su a cikin adadi mai yawa a cikin wuraren da ake haifar da pike perch.
Maza da mata suna tafiya kusa da mace kuma suna sakin madara. Pike perch caviar ya sauka zuwa gida. Kafin qwai su hade wuri guda, suna da babbar damar hayayyafa. Kowane kwai kifi bai wuce 1-1.5 mm a diamita ba. Mace na iya haihuwar yara dubu 100 zuwa 300 nan gaba.
Bakin caviar na da danko, don haka dukkan ƙwai ɗin da aka riƙe a cikin "gida". Bayan kwanciya, namiji yana kiyaye zuriya ta gaba - taruwar ƙwai. Ya kori yawancin pike na gaba waɗanda suke son ci. Bugu da kari, ta hanyar yin aiki da fika-fikai, yana haifar da magudanar ruwa a kusa da kama, yana ba da damar samun kwai na oxygen. A saman "gida" pike perch yana tsaye kafin tsutsa ta bayyana.
Macen da ke cikin jirgin, bayan da ta haihu, ta bar matsuguni na dindindin. Semi-anadromous pike perch ya sauka zuwa teku. Siffofin zama suna zuwa mai tsabta, wurare masu zurfin kogi, tafki, tafki. Makonni 1.5-2 bayan haihuwar 'ya'ya, ɓarkewar maza da mata suna bi hanya ɗaya kamar ta mata.
Farashi
Shagunan kifin cikin gida suna ba da pike daskararre daga yankuna daban-daban na Rasha. Ana sayar da kifin da ba a yanke ba a 250-350 rubles. da kilogiram. Pike perch fillet ya ɗan tsada sosai: 300-400 rubles. A cikin yankuna da ke nesa da wuraren da ake kamawa da kiwo, farashin na iya zama mafi girma.
Ana iya rarraba Pike perch azaman kifi tare da ƙimar farashi. A wasu jita-jita, an fi so a yi amfani da shi daidai Pike perch... Misali, aspic. Ana amfani da wannan abincin don Sabuwar Shekara, ranar tunawa, biki. Wataƙila akwai wani abu na biki game da ɓarkewar jirgin kanta.
Cincin "Royal Pike perch" ya dace da wannan yanayin. A girke-girke ya hada da namomin kaza, zai fi dacewa porcini. An tafasa kifin na tsawon minti 20-25 a cikin cakuda miya da ruwan lemon tsami. Sannan an soya shi. Pike perch yanki suna haɗuwa da soyayyen naman kaza, kayan lambu, ganye har ma da cuku.
Yawancin jita-jita na pike ba su da rikitarwa. Suna ƙunshe da ƙananan ƙwayoyi. Zander — kifi, dafa abinci wanda baya bukatar wata fasaha ta musamman. Amma abinci mai daɗi, mai daɗi da na halitta daga pike perch koyaushe ana samun shi.
