Lakedra - makarantar kifin makala mai manyan girma. Yana faruwa a cikin tekun da ke makwabtaka da yankin Koriya da tsibirin tsibirin Jafanawa. Yana da muhimmin bangare na kiwon kifin na Jafananci kuma saboda haka akan kira shi lakedra na Japan. Bugu da kari, tana da wasu sunaye da yawa: yellowtail, lacedra ruwan kasa.
Bayani da fasali
Lakedra cin abinci ne, kifi mai ɗanɗano. Nauyin wannan mai cutar ya kai kilogiram 40, tsawonsa har zuwa 1.5 m. Kan yana da girma, an nuna shi; tsayin sa ya kai kusan 20% na tsayayyen jiki. Bakin yana da fadi, yana dan zamewa kasa. A tsakiyar ɓangaren wanda akwai zagaye idanu tare da farin iris.
Jiki yana elongated, an ɗan matse shi daga ɓangarorin, yana ci gaba da daidaita madaidaitan kai. Scaananan sikeli suna ba lachedra ƙarar ƙarfe. Baya na yellowtail duhu ne mai duhu, ɓangaren ƙasa kusan fari ne. Yatsi mai launin rawaya tare da gefuna marasa haske yana gudana tare da ilahirin jiki, kusan a tsakiya. Ya faɗaɗa kan ƙararrakin caudal kuma ya ba shi saffron zane.
An raba fin fin Na farko, gajeren bangare ya ƙunshi 5-6 spines. Dogon sashi ya mamaye rabin rabi na biyu na baya zuwa wutsiya. Yana da haskoki 29-36, yana raguwa yayin da yake kusanto jela. Finfin farji yana da jijiyoyi 3 da farko, 2 cikinsu an rufe su da fata. A bangaren karshe, akwai haskoki 17 zuwa 22.
Irin
Lakedra yana cikin rukunin nazarin halittu karkashin sunan Seriola quinqueradiata. Wani ɓangare na jinsi Seriola ko Seriola, ana kiran waɗannan kifayen a gargajiyar gargajiyar launin rawaya. A cikin wallafe-wallafen Turanci, ana amfani da sunan amberjack, wanda ana iya fassara shi da "amber pike" ko "amber tail". Tare da lacedra, jinsin halittu ya hada nau'ikan 9:
- Rawanin Asiya ko Seriola aureovitta.
- Guinean yellowtail ko Seriola kafinta.
- Amberjack na California ko Seriola dorsalis.
- Babban amberjack ko Seriola dumerili.
- Amananan amberjack ko Seriola fasciata.
- Samson kifi ko Seriola hippos Günther.
- South Amberjack ko Seriola lalandi Valenciennes
- Fata mai launin shuɗi ko Seriola peruana Steindachner.
- Taguwar launin shuɗi ko Seriola zonata.
Duk nau'ikan serioles masu farauta ne, an rarraba su a cikin dumi na Tekun Duniya. Yawancin membobin jinsin Seriola suna sha'awar ganimar masunta masu son sha'awa, kusan duka ana ɗaukar su ta kasuwanci. Baya ga hanyoyin kamun kifi na gargajiya, ana yin shuɗa a kan gonakin kifi.
Rayuwa da mazauni
An haife shi a yankin kudu na kewayon, a Tekun Gabas ta Gabas, yeananan yara masu launin rawaya suna yin ƙaura zuwa arewa, zuwa yankin ruwan da ke kusa da tsibirin Hokkaido. A wannan gundumar Lacedra yana zaune farkon shekaru 3-5 na rayuwarsa.
Kifin yana da nauyi mai kyau kuma yayi tafiya kudu don haihuwa. A watan Maris-Afrilu, ana iya samun rukunin lachedra masu launin rawaya a ƙarshen Honshu a kudancin. Baya ga ƙaura daga manyan wuraren zama zuwa yankunan kiwo, lakedra yin ƙaura da abinci sau da yawa.
Kasancewa a ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman matakin jerin kayan abinci, abubuwan rawaya suna rakiyar makarantun ƙananan kifi: anchovies na Japan, mackerels da sauransu. Waɗannan, bi da bi, suna motsawa har ma da ƙaramin abinci: crustaceans, plankton. Cin kwai a hanya, gami da wutsiyar rawaya.
Wannan fa'ida, ta mahangar abinci mai gina jiki, wani lokacin mahalli yakan mutu. Makarantar koyon kifi kamar su anchovies sune abin da ke sa tarko. Tafiya don azurta kansu da abinci, lakedra mai launin rawaya mai bin raƙuman ruwa na yuwuwar abinci. A sakamakon haka, sun zama wadanda ke fama da kamun kifi da nufin wasu kifin.
Kasuwanci da nishaɗin kamun kifi lacedra
Ana niyyar kamun kifi na kasuwanci don lata mai launin rawaya a yankunan bakin teku. Kayan kamun kifi galibi ya zama abin ƙyama. Dangane da haka, ana amfani da jiragen ruwa na kamun kifi kamar dogaye. Ana aiwatar da kamun kifin ruwan teku a kan ƙananan sikelin, kusan an maye gurbinsa gaba ɗaya ta hanyar kiwo yellowtail a gonakin kifi.
Wasan kamun kifi don lachedra mai launin rawaya ya zama abin sha'awa ga masunta mai son son zuciya a cikin Gabas ta Gabas. Wannan shugabancin kamun kifin na Rasha ya bunkasa ba da daɗewa ba, tun daga shekarun 90 na ƙarni na ƙarshe. Masunta na farko da suka yi sa'a sun zaci an kamasu tuna. Lakedra ba shi da masaniya ga magoya bayan gida na kamun kifi.
Amma dabarun kamun kifi, da dabarun kere-kere da kuma kwalliya sun mallaki kusan yanzu. Yanzu, masunta daga garuruwa da yawa na tarayya suna zuwa theasar Gabas ta Rasha don jin daɗin jin daɗin lacedra. Wasu suna zuwa kamun kifi zuwa Koriya da Japan.
Babban hanyar da ake kama yellowtail shine trolling. Wato, jigilar koto a cikin jirgi mai sauri. Zai iya zama jirgin ruwa mai ƙanƙara ko jirgin ruwa mai fitacce.
Mafi yawan lokuta, lachedra masu launin rawaya suna taimakawa masunta masunta. Da fara farautar fararen fata, ƙungiyar rawaya sun kewaye makarantar kifi. Anchovies suna haɗuwa tare kuma suna tashi zuwa saman. Abinda ake kira "tukunyar jirgi" an ƙirƙira shi.
Tsuntsayen teku masu sarrafa ruwan teku sun taru a kan kaskon ruwa, suna kai hari ga tarin anchovy. Masu kamun kifin, bi da bi, suna jagorantar tekun, sun kusanci tukunyar jirgi akan jirgin ruwa kuma suka fara kamun kifi don ruwan sanyi. A wannan yanayin, ana iya yin amfani da simintin gyare-gyare na zobba da goge abubuwa.
Gogaggen masunta suna da'awar cewa za'a iya kama mafi girman samfurin a iyakokin kudancin lakedra - kusa da tekun Koriya. Mafi yawanci, ana amfani da abin da ake kira "pilker" don wannan. Ana amfani da wannan jan hankali don kamun kifi a tsaye don fitar da launin ruwan kasa mai nauyin 10-20 har ma da kilogiram 30. Wannan ya tabbatar lachedra a cikin hotonwanda mai sa'a mai sa'a yayi.
Noma ta wucin gadi ta lachedra
Yellowtails koyaushe suna taka rawa a cikin abincin Jafananci. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa mazaunan tsibirin Jafan ne suka zama masu bin ƙa'idodin noman ganye na lachedra mai launin rawaya.
An fara shi duka a cikin 1927 a tsibirin Japan na Shikoku. A cikin Kagawa Prefecture, wani yanki na yankin ruwa mai fadin muraba'in mita ɗari an katange shi da hanyar sadarwa. An saki wutsiyoyi masu launin rawaya da aka kama a cikin teku a cikin iska mai iska. A matakin farko, waɗannan kifaye ne na shekaru daban-daban kuma, daidai da haka, girman girman kifin-lacedra.
Kwarewar farko ba ta yi nasara ba musamman. Matsaloli tare da shirya abinci da tsarkakewar ruwa sun ji kansu. Amma gwaje-gwajen da aka yi akan girma na lachedra bai zama babban bala'i ba. An fara sayar da rukuni na farko na gonar rawaya a 1940. Bayan haka, samar da lachedra ya karu cikin hanzari mai sauri. Ya kai kololuwa a shekarar 1995 lokacin da aka sanya tan dubu dari da saba'in na lacedra a kasuwar kifi ta duniya.
A matakin da ake ciki yanzu, aikin samar da kayan leda mai santsi ya ɗan ragu. Wannan ya faru ne saboda daidaita daidaiton yawan kayayyakin ruwan teku da aka girbe a cikin yanayin muhalli kuma aka ɗaga akan gonakin kifi. Baya ga Japan, Koriya ta Kudu ta kasance mai taka rawa a cikin noman lachedra. A cikin Rasha, samar da yellowtail ba ta shahara sosai saboda yanayin yanayi mai wahala.
Babbar matsalar da ke tasowa yayin samarwa ita ce tushen tushe, watau larvae. An warware batun toya a hanyoyi biyu. An samo su ta hanyar shiryawar wucin gadi. A hanya ta biyu, ana kama soyayyen lacedra a yanayi. Duk hanyoyin guda biyu suna da wahala kuma ba abin dogaro ba ne.
Daga Kogin Kudancin China, yana yawo a tsibiran Japan, mai ƙarfi Kuroshio Current yana gudana a rassa da yawa. Wannan rafin ne yake ɗaukar sabon da ya fito kuma ya girma har yakai 1.5 cm na soyayyen lacedra. Masanan Ichthyologists sun gano wuraren bayyanar su da yawa. A lokacin ƙaura, an saita taru-kan raga-raga akan hanyar samari masu launin rawaya.
Kama yara lakedra masu dacewa da kara ƙiba ya zama mai fa'ida ta tattalin arziƙi. Baya ga masunta na Jafana, Koreans da Vietnam sun ɗauki wannan kasuwancin. Ana siyar da duk yankan ga gonakin kifi a Japan.
Yammatan da aka kama, yaran da aka haifa basu isa su cika gonakin kifin ba. Sabili da haka, an ƙware da hanyar samar da wucin gadi na lartae na yellowtail. Wannan dabara ce, mai sauki. Farawa tare da shiri da kiyaye garken kiwon kifi, yana ƙarewa da ƙirƙirar tushen abinci don ƙyanƙyasar soyayyen rawaya mai ƙyalƙyali.
A cikin ɗayan dabbobin samari da yawa akwai mutane masu girma dabam da ƙwarewa. Don guje wa cin abincin manyan kwatankwacin takwarorinsu, ana ware soya. Yin rukuni ta girman kuma yana ba da damar saurin saurin garken gabaɗaya.
Veniananan yara masu kamanni da girman ana saka su a cikin keji keji. A lokacin girma, ana samarda lakedra da abinci bisa ga abubuwan da ke cikin ruwan teku: rotifers, nauplii shrimps. Artemia Abincin matasa ya wadata da cikakken kitse mai mai, bitamin, ƙwayoyi masu mahimmanci da magunguna.
Yayin da yaran ke girma, ana canza su zuwa manyan kwantena. A cikin ingancin abin da keɓaɓɓun kekunan filastik sun nuna kansu a hanya mafi kyau. Don samun wutsiyoyi masu inganci masu inganci a matakin ƙarshe, ana iya amfani da shinge na raga masu ƙarfi na 50 * 50 * 50. Hakanan ana daidaita abun cikin abincin kifin yayin da kifin yake girma.
Kifin da ke da nauyin kilogiram 2-5 ana ɗaukar sun kai girman kasuwa. Lakedra na wannan kewayon yawanci ana kiransa hamachi a Japan. Ana siyar dashi sabo, sanyaya, ana kawo shi zuwa gidajen abinci, kuma ana fitar dashi daskarewa.
Don inganta fa'idodi, lakedra galibi yana girma zuwa nauyin kilo 8 ko fiye. Ana amfani da irin wannan kifin don yin abincin gwangwani da kayayyakin gama-gari. An ƙayyade nauyin lachedra da aka noma ta hanyar buƙatun kasuwa, amma kuma na iya dogara da yanayin yanayi. Da dumi ruwa, da sauri girman kifin.
Yawancin kifin da ake nomawa ana kai wa abokan ciniki kai tsaye. Amma wannan bai shafi yellowtail ba. Kafin aikawa zuwa mabukaci, ana kashe kowane mutum kuma an lalata shi. Sannan sanya shi a cikin akwati tare da kankara.
Bukatar kifi a cikin yanayi mafi sabo ya karfafa ci gaban kwantena na musamman don nunawa da isar da kifi. Amma wannan fasahar har yanzu tana aiki ne kawai ga abokan ciniki na VIP.
Gina Jiki
A cikin yanayinsu na yau da kullun, wutsiyoyi masu launin rawaya, lokacin da aka haife su, suna fara cinye crustaceans na microscopic, duk abin da ke ɗauke da babban sunan plankton. Yayin da kuke girma, girman kofunan yana ƙaruwa. Yellowtail Lacedra yana da ƙa'idar abinci mai sauƙi: kuna buƙatar kamawa ku haɗiye duk abin da ke motsawa kuma ya dace da girman.
Lakedra galibi yana tare da herring, mackerel, da garken kifi. Amma farautar wasu, za su iya zama ganima ga wasu, manyan mafarautan. Matasa na shekara sun fi shafa.
Yellowtails da sauran kayan kwalliyar doki a duk matakan rayuwa sun zama abin kamun kifi na kasuwanci. Lakedra ta ɗauki matsayin da ya dace a girkin girkin kifi na Gabas da Turai. Jafananci sune zakarun dafa abinci mai ruwan sanyi.
Mafi shaharar jin daɗin ƙasa shine hamachi teriyaki, wanda ba ma'anar komai face soyayyen lakedra. Duk sirrin dandano yana cikin marinade, wanda ya kunshi dashi broth, mirin (ruwan inabi mai zaki), waken soya da sake.
Duk ya gauraya. Miyarade da aka samu tana da shekaru 20-30 naman lachedra... Sannan an soya shi. Kamar yadda kayan yaji sune: koren albasa, barkono, tafarnuwa, kayan lambu da man dabba. Ana ƙara duk wannan a cikin lakedra, ko, kamar yadda Jafananci ke kiranta hamachi, kuma ana yin ta lokacin da aka gama.
Lakedra kyakkyawan tushe ne ba kawai don jita-jita na Jafananci da na gabas ba. Yana sanya kyawawan abubuwa na fuskantar Turai gaba ɗaya. Soyayyen yellowtail, dafaffe, gasa shi a cikin tanda - akwai bambance-bambancen da yawa. Taliyan Italiyanci tare da guntun lacedra na iya zama ɓangare na abincin Bahar Rum.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Don hayayyafa, kifi ya kusanci ƙarshen ƙarshen zangon su: gabar Korea, tsibirin Shikoku, Kyushu. Mata da maza suna da shekaru 3-5 a lokacin da suka fara haihuwa. Kasancewa tsakanin mita 200 daga gabar teku, mata masu launin rawaya sun fantsama kai tsaye cikin layin ruwa, abin da ake kira pelagic spawning. Namijin da ke kusa da lakedra yayi kadan: suna sakin madara.
Lacedra caviar karami, kasa da 1 mm a diamita, amma dayawa. Wata mace mai launin ruwan sama tana samar da ƙwai dubun dubbai, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu suna haɗuwa. Fatearin makomar tayi na rawaya lachedra ya dogara da dama. Yawancin kwayayen suna lalacewa, ana cin su, wani lokacin daga lachedra ɗaya. Shiryawa ya ɗauki tsawon lokaci har zuwa watanni 4.
Rayuwar soyayyen yadudduka lacedra na ciyarwa da farko akan ƙwayoyin cuta. Jafananci suna kiran soya 4-5 mm a girma kamar mojako. Oƙarin rayuwa, suna bin yankunan bakin teku tare da yalwar cladophores, sargas, kelp da sauran algae. Bayan sun kai girman 1-2 cm, lachedra na samari a hankali yana kasancewa ƙarƙashin kariya ta kore. Ba su sha ruwan plankton na microscopic kawai, har ma da ƙwai na sauran kifin, ƙananan ɓawon burodi.
Kifin da nauyin sa ya haura 50 g, amma bai kai kilogiram 5 ba, mutanen Japan ne ke kira hamachi. Mazaunan tsibirin suna kiran wutsiyoyi masu launin rawaya, sun wuce alamar kilo 5, buri. Bayan sun isa matakin homachi, lakedras sun fara cika sosai. Girma, tare da raƙuman ruwa suna wucewa zuwa iyakar arewacin iyaka.
Farashi
Lakedra — dadi kifi. Ya samu ne bayan ci gaban nomar roba a gonakin kifi. Farashin kuɗi don shigo da leda mai launin rawaya bai wuce 200 rubles. da kilogiram. Farashin kuɗi sun fi girma: kimanin 300 rubles. da kilogiram na daskararre lakedra.
