Rayuwar ruwan teku ta zama wata alama ta tsaurin Arctic. Babban goro yana da wuya a rasa, mai saukin ganewa ta manyan hankulan sa. An fassara sunan dabba a zahiri daga Girkanci - "rataye a hakora." A can arewacin duniya, wannan dabba mai shayarwa ita ce babbar wakiliyar masu tsini.
Bayani da fasali
Dabbar teku tana da ban sha'awa cikin girma. Yawancin galibi suna da tsayin mita 3.5, amma akwai mutane da suka kai mita 5. Mata ba su da ƙarfi - 2.7-3.7 m. Yawan ɗin ƙattai ya kai tan 1.5-2. Walrus din ya fi na maza sau daya cikin uku. A cikin nauyi, zakunan teku da ke zaune a Antarctica suna gasa tare da walruses.
An rufe gawarwakin dabbobi masu laushi tare da fata mai laushi tare da gashin ruwan kasa. Sannu a hankali suna ɓacewa, tsoffin mutane gaba ɗaya "tsirara suke". Kaurin fatar shine 4-8 cm, layin mai a karkashinshi ya kai cm 15. Wutsiya tana da siffofin da ba su dace ba.
Launi mai launin ruwan kasa na matasa a hankali yana haske, launin ruwan hoda ya bayyana da tsufa. Farar walrus - wannan ba rabe-raben daban bane, amma yanayi ne na ɗan lokaci na dabba, lokacin da ake wanka a cikin ruwan kankara, magudanan jini ƙarƙashin ƙyallen fata, wanda ke ba da iyakar walƙiyar mahaɗin.
Duk da yawan su, walruses filastik ne. Kuraren kira masu sassauƙa Limwanin baya na motsi ne, don haka dabbar ke motsawa da tabbaci. Walrusta na iya tafiya ba kamar like rarrafe ba.
Canananan canines na dabbobi, waɗanda aka karkatar da su ƙasa, abin lura ne. Kowane ɗayan yana da nauyin kusan kilogram 3-4, tsawonsa ya kai 60-80 cm. Walrus fang yana taka rawar gani - ma'abota ɗayan biyu mafi girma sun mamaye rukunin. Ana nuna aikace-aikacen aiki a cikin faɗa tare da abokan gaba da abokan hamayya. Tallafawa a kan hammata yana taimaka wa dabbobin su fita daga ramin zuwa farfajiya, don yin ramuka a cikin kankara.
An rufe bakin walrus da gashin baki. Kawai akan leɓen sama akwai setae 700. Babban haushin gashin yana taimakawa walruses samun molluscs na karkashin ruwa.
Ba a bambanta idanun dabbobi da hangen nesa. Kyakkyawan ƙamshin ƙanshi yana taimakawa wajen tafiyar da kyau cikin ruwa. Babu auricles. Jakankunan makogwaro na musamman suna bawa katuwar damar canzawa zuwa iyo don kiyaye saman tafkin. Cike da iska, suna kumbura kamar ƙwallo, suna barin dabbar tana bacci. Jakar makogwaro suna da hannu cikin samar da sauti.
Rayuwar walruses, mai tsayayya da mummunan yanayin Arctic, yana da alaƙa da ƙananan ƙaura. Tare da farkon lokacin hunturu, suna motsawa daga lattocin arewa zuwa gabar kudu ta Alaska, zuwa Yankin Kamchatka.
Yawan dabbobi ga fadada arewa ba komai bane. Shakka idan ta juyo walrus a cikin Littafin Ja ko a'a, ba ma da daraja. Yawan mace-macen daga farautar ya kasance mai yawa. An hana fitar da dabbobi ta hanyar kasuwanci don samar da fata, nama, kitse, hakora.
An ba da izinin iyakantaccen kamun kifi ga 'yan asalin kasar da ke rayuwa daga samar da wannan nau'in. A cikin fadin sararin samaniya, ban da mutane, babbar dabba tana da abokan gaba - polar bear, whales killer.
Mutane da suka raunana ko 'ya'yan walrus wadanda suka sami kansu a cikin ƙasa ba tare da kulawa ba sun zama masu fama da beyar polar. A cikin ruwan teku, zai zama da wahala ga beyar ta jimre da su. Ko dabbar da ke jin yunwa ba za ta iya kusantar kai hari ga wata dabbar mai ƙarfi ba, don kada ta zama abin fada a cikin yaƙin.
Bears galibi suna amfani da wayo don kayar da walrus mai ƙarfi. Don haka, wani lokacin sukan shuka fargaba domin gano raunin mutane da nakasassu don samun sauki. Idan dabbobi sun natsu sun bar rookery, to, bears za a bar su ba tare da abinci mai daɗi ba. Lokacin da walruses suka ruga zuwa wurin fararen farauta, zai iya ja da baya cikin rashin jin daɗi, da sanin cewa raunin da ya faru daga ƙattai na teku na mutuwa ne.
Eskimos sun lura da wata hanyar mafi dabara. Warewar beyar ta bayyana kanta a cikin gaskiyar cewa ya sami walrus na bacci kuma ya jefa ƙwanƙolin kankara a kansa. Bai kasance mai wahala ga mai farautar ya jimre wa abin da ke cikin ganimar ba.
A Intanet zaka iya samun su hoto na walrus, kwance kwance lafiya kusa da polar bear. Dabbobin da suke da abinci mai kyau ba sa nuna girman kai; sun fi so su kalli kishiyoyi masu ƙarfi har zuwa lokacin da ya dace.
Babban haɗari ga walruses yana wakiltar kifayen kifayen kifaye, waɗanda suka fi ƙarfin yawa da girma. Jaarfi mai ƙarfi, haƙori masu kaifi sun fi ƙarfin canines masu ƙarfi. Rukunin kifayen kifayen da suka kashe sun fada cikin rafin gandun daji don farfasa su gunduwa-gunduwa, bayan haka sai su afkawa dabbobin da ke kewaye da su cikin tsari. Walrus tsere kawai ta gudu zuwa ƙasa.
Irin
Daga cikin wajan gida, akwai manyan ragi biyu - Pacific da Atlantic. Keɓewar walrus na Laptev yana da rikici. Masana, dangane da binciken DNA, sunyi la'akari da shi a matsayin mutanen yamma na ƙasashen Pacific.
Wakilan Pacific suna zaune a arewacin yankin na Gabas ta Tsakiya. Ana samun manyan gardayoyi, wadanda nauyinsu ya kai tan 2, a cikin Chukchi, Tekun Bering, a gabar Kamchatka, Alaska. Yawan su yakai mutane dubu dari biyu.
Ana samun wall na Atlantic a arewacin Kanada, a yamma da Arctic Russia, a cikin Greenland. An kusan kusan kashe wakilan ƙira a cikin masunta mara iko. Walrus na Atlantic karami a cikin lamba da lamba. Yawan ya ƙunshi fiye da mutane dubu 20. Theananan raƙuman da ke ƙarƙashin ragi suna cikin Littafin Ja.
Yawan lampus na Laptev mutane dubu 5 ne kawai. Ya samo sunan daga kasancewa a cikin Tekun Laptev. Girman dabbobin tsaka-tsakin ne - ƙasa da Pacific kuma ya fi ƙasashen Atlantic.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Rayuwar dabbobin teku tana da alaƙa ta asali tare da yankunan arewacin Turai, Arewacin Amurka, Asiya, da tsibirin Arctic. Suna kewaye da Pole ta Arewa a cikin zobe, suna kusa da bakin teku, suna gujewa sararin ruwa, kankara mai dorewa.
Walrus na zaune a cikin yankuna marasa zurfin ciki - yanayi mai kyau don dabbobi masu shayarwa. Yankin walruses, saboda raguwar lambobi, a halin yanzu an tsage shi zuwa yankuna daban. Migaura daga lokacin zuwa kudu ƙananan kuma gajeru ne.
Walrus dabba ce gregarious. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna yin ƙananan yankuna na mutane 10-20 na wakilan maza da mata. Babu wani tsayayyen matsayi a cikin rukuni-rukuni, duk membobin garken suna yin komai lami lafiya. Wararrun mazan maza cikin nutsuwa suna bi da ƙananan dabbobi ba tare da nuna zalunci ba.
Manyan rookeries sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin dabbobi na ɗari ɗari, wani lokacin dubbai, na walruses. Dabbobin suna kusa da juna. Ana kafa cunkoson mutane da gangan, kuma ba wai saboda rashin sarari ba. Nauyin rayuwa yana motsawa saboda motsin dabbobi zuwa ruwa da baya. Kowane mutum yana yin gaba ɗaya cikin lumana, kodayake wasu rikice-rikice na lokaci-lokaci ma suna faruwa.
Sauran masu rookery suna kiyaye su ta wurin matsaran tsaro. Kodayake gani ya kasa dabbobi, jin ƙamshi koyaushe zai ba da alama cewa mutum yana gabatowa. Suna ba da sanarwar barazanar ta hanyar ruri, suna cacar juna.
Jirgin manyan gawarwaki zuwa ruwa wani lokacin yakan ƙare da mutuwar jarirai tsakanin jikin kiba. Yaran da suka sami damar hawa kan iyayen mahaifiyarsu suna ceton kansu. Wani lokacin firgici ya fi karfi fiye da yadda ake shirya garken. Gurguntattun wadanda abin ya rutsa da su abu ne mai sauki ga beyar belar. Walruses suna ɓoyewa a ƙarƙashin ruwa, inda zasu iya tsayawa daga iska har tsawon mintuna 10, amma a shirye suke suyi iyo duk rana.
Dabbobin suna maye gurbin kasancewa a cikin teku tare da kasancewa a kan ƙasa, inda suke hutawa kusa da gefen ruwa. Suna hawa kankara na kankara, suna dogaro da hauren haushi. Zasu iya yin bacci ko'ina, kasancewar basu da tabbas saboda yawan kitse. Dabbobi suna motsawa suna farauta tare da garken garken. Ana nuna zamantakewar jama'a a cikin tallafi, taimako ga wasu mutane.
Gina Jiki
Babban abinci na walruses ana samun sa a kan tekun - waɗannan sune mollusks na lamellar-gill. Vibararrawa mai saurin girgizawa akan fuskar dabba na taimakawa wurin kama su. Tare da fang, flippers, muzzle, rips din dabba ya buɗe ƙasa mai laka, ya kwance ƙasa, yana tayar da girgije na bawo.
Yana goge su da fikafikan ƙira don harsashi ya karye ya daidaita zuwa ƙasan. Dabbar tana haɗiye jikin mollusks tare da ruwa. Jikewa yana zuwa lokacin da girman abinci yakai aƙalla kilogram 50. Sassauran ƙasa yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan ƙarancin yanayin ƙasa - yana haifar da yanayi mai kyau don ci gaban ƙwayoyin halitta.
Waltus ba sa yin zurfin zurfafa don neman abinci, suna ciyarwa a yankunan bakin teku, ba zurfin zurfin mita 80 ba. Dietaramar abinci mai sauƙi yana bawa dabbobi dabbobi damar saurin ɗaukar nauyi, wani yanki na kitse wanda yake kare dabbobi daga hypothermia, yana inganta buoyancy.
Walrus na teku Yana ciyarwa akan tsutsotsi na ƙasa, ɓawon burodi, kifin cucumber, wani lokaci kifi, mushe lokacin da babban abincin bai isa ba. Dabbobin da ke fama da yunwa a wasu lokuta sukan kai hari kan hatimai, hatimai, narwhals, kodayake wannan ba halayyar ciyarwa ba ce. Cin naman mutane ba halayyar dabbobi ba ce. Walrus suna kula da dangantakar abokantaka a tsakanin su, suna tsaye don kare dangin su, kuma mata a shirye suke su sadaukar da kansu saboda theira theiran su. Idan walrus ya mutu, to, sauran mata suna kula da zuriyar.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Balaga ya isa ga mata - sun shirya saduwa da shekaru 4-6. Maza sun fi tsayi, sun fara nuna sha'awar walr tun suna shekara bakwai, amma fara kiwo daga baya - zuwa shekara 15. Bayyan zuriya a cikin rayuwar mace yana faruwa a tsakanin tsakanin shekaru 3-4. Lokacin buɗewa ya buɗe a watan Afrilu - farkon Mayu. Dabbobin da suka manyanta game da jima'i suna canza halayensu, suna nuna sha'awar wasu maza da mata.
Maza masu son zaman lafiya sun zama masu zafin rai a cikin yaƙin don kulawa da mata. Akwai faɗa tsakanin abokan hamayya, amma ba tare da sakamako mai ban tsoro ba. Dabbobi na iya cutar da juna da hammatarsu. Fata mai kauri har zuwa 3-4 cm, wani yanki na kitse yana kiyaye gabobin ciki, don haka yaƙin maza ba tare da sakamako mai tsanani ba. Walrus ba gasa kawai suke yi ba, har ma da fasahar iya magana, suna karfafawa mata gwiwa su hadu da wadanda suka fi so a cikin su. Ana yin aure a cikin ruwa.
Tsawon lokacin haifuwa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 330-370, ko kimanin makonni 16. Mata masu juna biyu ba sa bin sauran maza, suna tafiya cikin aminci ta cikin ruwa. A lokacin da ya dace, ana haihuwar ɗan maraƙi, a wasu lokuta ba a cika samun tagwaye ba. Nauyin jaririn ya kusan kilo 60, tsawon abin da aka haifa ya kai mita 1. Theayan yana iya iyo tun daga lokacin da aka haife shi, saboda haka, idan akwai haɗari, yakan bar ƙanƙarar kankara, ya shiga cikin ruwa tare da mahaifiyarsa.
Ciyar da jariri tare da nono yana ɗauke da tarihin - har zuwa shekaru 2, kodayake ƙarin ciyarwa tare da abinci na yau da kullun yana farawa tun yana ɗan wata shida. Jarirai sun fara cin abinci da kansu ne kawai bayan da hakoran suka kara karfi. Da shekara uku suka zama masu cin gashin kansu. Kula da maraƙi ba ya bawa mata damar sake samun wani ɗan maraƙin na ɗan lokaci. Kashi 5% na walrus ne kawai ke yin ciki shekara mai zuwa idan sun rasa zuriyar su.
Dukan garken suna kula da samfuran samari. Mata ba tare da son kai ba suna rufe zuriyar da jikinsu, idan haɗari ya yi barazanar, a shirye suke su mutu, suna kare jariran. Walrus na yara don kariya da hutawa, zai iya hawa ta bayan kowane baligi, ya ji daɗi.
A cikin daji, rayuwar walrus tana kimanin shekaru 30-35. Walrus yana ta shekaru 20 kenan. Akwai mutane da suka daɗe suna da shekaru 40. Yanayin mummunan yanayi na rayuwar Arctic, mummunan yanayin bayyanar mahaukaci bai sanya dabbar ta zama mai tashin hankali ba. Nazarin walruses yana nuna jituwa ta ban mamaki da kuma duniyar duniyar waɗannan dabbobin.
