Shafin, a matsayin abin farautar kasuwanci, an lura dashi a Rasha kawai a cikin karni na 19. Rashin fursunoni masu mahimmanci sun haifar da wannan. Yan kasuwa sun rina fata kuma sun siyar da ita ga kasar Sin da sunan sanfaran sable.
Pricesananan farashin siye, rashin lalacewar lalacewar fur ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa masu iya magana ya rasa darajarta ta kasuwanci. Ana amfani da mutanen da aka kama cikin tarko don kwaikwayon mafi kyawun fur, kuma ana amfani da wutsiyoyi na dabbobi don yin goge na fasaha.
Bayani da fasali
Filin da ake yiwa lakabi da dangin marten dan karami ne (tsayin jiki daga bakin fuska zuwa saman wutsiya ya fi rabin mita kadan) kuma ba ta da nauyi fiye da 800 g. A kan wani kyakkyawan tsawa mai danshi, zagaye da idanu masu kyau, radaye a fuska zuwa gefen baki da hanci baki. Gungura a hoto - kyakkyawa dabba mai tarin yawa tare da kunkuntun kunnuwa zagaye.
Launi mai launin ja na Shafin Siberia, wanda ya fi tsananta a kan jela, ya zama da haske a lokacin sanyi. A gajerun kafafu, ana iya ganin ƙananan membran. Maski mai duhu yana tsaye akan fuska, da farin iyaka kewaye da leɓɓa da ƙugu.
A farkon Nuwamba, bayan kaka mai narkewa, gashin gashin dabbar yana da kauri musamman, kuma jelar, wacce ta dauki kashi daya bisa uku na tsawonta, tana da taushi. Canji daga hunturu zuwa Jawo lokacin rani yana farawa ne a watan Maris kuma yana ɗorewa har zuwa watan Agusta. Wutsiya ita ce ta ƙarshe da za a zubar.
A cikin kayan rani mai haske lasifikar lasifika flaunts ba dogon. Tuni a watan Satumba, lokacin kaka ya zo, wanda yafi wucewa. Ulu falls yana faɗuwa a cikin dunkule, yana yin facin bald a gefen, baya. Sautunan da weasels keyi suna birgima, suna kuwwa, suna busawa.
Irin
Baya ga yaduwar Siberia, masanan dabbobi sun bambanta wasu nau'in shafi... Jafananci, sunan na biyu itacesi, an kawo shi. Sakhalin daga game da. Hokkaido. Wakilanta suna da siraran jiki, kunkuntar kai. A lokacin hunturu, wutsiyar ta zarce mink a ɗaukaka.
Canza launi, kamar launin Siberia, amma tare da inuwa masu wadata - peach, red-brown, orange. Idan shafi na Siberia yana da ciki sautuna da yawa fiye da baya, to Jafananci yana da duhu. Babban bambanci shine dimorphism na jima'i. Mata suna da nauyin rabi. Tare da matsakaicin tsawon jiki na namiji 38 cm, tsayin mace bai wuce 30 cm ba.
Itatsi suna zaune a kudancin tsibirin a cikin maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, kwarin kogi. Yanayi mai tsananin yanayi ya hana ci gaban sassan arewacin. Dabbobin sun ragu sosai saboda farauta, shigo da salat da mink. Yanzu adadin dabbobi bai wuce mutane dari uku ba.
Masana kimiyya har yanzu basu iya yarda akan rabe-raben Jafananci ba. Wasu suna ganin itatsi a matsayin jinsinsu daban, wasu kuma a matsayin tsibirin.
Far gabas shafi, wanda ke zaune a babban yankin, ya banbanta da na yankin Siberia a wurin sasantawa. Layin rarrabuwa na ƙauyukansu ya gudana tare da Zeya. Dangane da haruffan siffa, jinsunan Gabas ta Tsakiya sun fi girma da haske.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Shafi dabba ce ta Asiya. An samo shi akan yankunan tsibirin Japan, Korea, China. A cikin Rasha, yana zaune a tsibiri, daɗaɗɗen bishiyoyi ko gauraye, bishiyoyi na itacen oak a kudu na Gabas ta Tsakiya da Siberia zuwa Uwar Ural.
Abun da ake buƙata don mazaunin shafi shine kasancewar tafki. Ya sauka kusa da magudanan ruwa na koguna, a gefen tafkuna tare da daskararru masu yawa, ko a gefen fadamar da ciyawar ruwa ke ɓoye. Yana faruwa a cikin dazuzzuka a kan tuddai. Tana hawa zuwa tsayi har zuwa kilomita dubu 1.8 daga matakin teku. Yana son gandun daji tare da tsofaffin bishiyoyi masu rami.
Shafi yana rayuwa Har ila yau kusa da ƙauyuka waɗanda ke jawo hankalin kayan abinci (beraye, ɓeraye). Kunyas suna aiki da yamma da dare, amma ba a bayyana wannan a sarari ba. Sau da yawa dabba tana farauta yayin rana da bazara da hunturu mai sanyi.
Ya bambanta da sable, wanda ke jiran ganima, weasel na Siberia yana zagaye yankinta, yana duba ƙarƙashin itacen da ya mutu, yana bincika ramuka. Zai iya tonowa kuma ya kutsa cikin cikin burrow na rodents. Kyakkyawan mai iyo, kolokin yana samun abinci a jikin ruwa.
Daga cikin masu magana da weasel, mafi tattalin arziki. Ya fi sau da yawa kuma ba tare da la'akari ba fiye da yadda wasu ke sanya kayan abinci a cikin ramuka na itace ko kawai binne ganima a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. A wata fita daga mafaka, ginshikan suna gudu har zuwa kilomita takwas don neman ganima.
Idan ya yi sa'a ya kama babbar ganima, sai ya koma gida, kuma bai fito a wannan ranar ba. Underarkashin matsuguni, burukan buɗaɗɗen rami, ramuka da ke ƙasa daga ƙasa, wurare a tsakanin ruɓaɓɓen tushen itacen, tsibin busassun rassa an daidaita su.
A cikin watanni masu dumi, marten ya fi aiki. Ginshiƙai a cikin hunturu a cikin tsananin sanyi ko dusar ƙanƙara, ba ta barin mafakarsa tsawon kwanaki. A kan Sakhalin, an lura da bishiyoyi da yawa a cikin matsuguni guda. Siberians sun yi imanin cewa marten hibernates a cikin tsananin hunturu. Amma masana kimiyya sunyi bayanin rashin kasancewar gaskiyar cewa mafi yawan lokuta dabbobi suna farauta a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, saboda haka ba su ganuwa.
Dabbobi sun zama masu wayewa da yawa a lokacin faduwa, lokacin da aka kayyade iyakokin sabbin shafuka lokacin da dabbobin dabbobi suka bayyana kuma a watan Fabrairu kafin lokacin auratayya. Kolonok dabba ce mai zaman kanta, yanki, amma haɗewa zuwa rukunin yanar gizon ta dogara da yankin sasantawa.
Abun lura ya nuna cewa wasu mutane suna zaune a wuri ɗaya har zuwa shekaru masu yawa, yayin da wasu ke matsawa zuwa nesa a lokacin kaka, a lokacin sanyi, ba tare da la'akari da wadataccen abinci ba.
Mata sun fi haɗuwa da yankinsu, sun fi na maza. Girman shafin ya bambanta daga kadada takwas zuwa murabba'in kilomita biyar. Tare da sasantawa sosai, dabbobin basa mutunta iyakoki, suna toshe wuraren farautar makwabta. Dabbobin mutum ɗaya ba su da yankinsu kwata-kwata. Lokacin da suke neman abinci, suna rufe har zuwa kilomita 15-20 kuma suna jiran mutuwar maƙwabcinsu ya mamaye shafinsa.
An lura da ƙaurawar yanayi na yau da kullun a yankunan tsaunuka. A lokacin bazara-bazara, dabbobi sun fi son gandun daji da ke kan gangaren, kuma kusa da hunturu suna gangarowa zuwa magudanan ruwa na koguna. Masana ilmin namun daji suna bayanin ƙa'idodin gida na ginshiƙai ta yawan ambaliyar shekara-shekara, ambaliyar bakin teku a lokacin bazara.
A cikin buɗaɗɗun wurare, a cikin kewayen birni, shahidai suna bayyana lokacin da ƙarar yawan kayan abinci ya faɗi ƙwarai ko dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa ta faɗi, ɓawon burodi mai kauri ya kafu. Gurbin yana da sauƙin rarrabewa daga sauran gashin ƙafa ta sawun kafa.
A lokacin rani, dabbar ba ta tsalle, amma tana tafiya. Wani fasalin rariyar waƙoƙin shine cewa an sanya ƙashin baya a gaban gaba. A lokacin hunturu, yana yin tsalle iri ɗaya, matsakaicin tazara tsakanin wanda rabinmita ne.
Dawakai, kerkeci, sable, mink, lynx sune manyan abokan gaba na shafi. Baya ga dabbobi masu shayarwa, manyan mikiya, mujiya, da hankaka masu farauta. Foxes da sabulu suna haifar da asara mai yawa a adadi. A cikin tafkunan ruwa, shafi na gasa tare da mink, yana shiga cikin yaƙin da bai dace dashi ba. An lura da lamuran mutuwar dabbobin da ke iyo a hayin kogin daga hare-haren kifin kifi, taimen da pike.
Kolinka yakan cinye ragowar wasan da wasu mahara suka cinye. Baya ga yin gogayya da tsuntsayen da ke ciyar da beraye, weasels, ermines, macizai, shi ma parasite ne. Gaskiyar cewa sabulu suna kai hari tare da fitar da masu magana daga yankunansu suna da masaniya a matsayin wani lamari na al'ada. Sables sun koma mazauninsu, sun mamaye lokacin baƙin su na baƙi.
Masu magana suna saba da rayuwa a cikin bauta, amma yana buƙatar kulawa da haƙuri da yawa. Yana son kutsawa cikin kowane rami, ya hau labule a saman ƙorafi, zai iya yin amfani da ƙafafun kabad. Sabili da haka, ana ajiye dabbar a cikin keji, kuma ana kulawa da kewayen ɗakin. Kasancewa a cikin gida yana canza rayuwar dabbar gaba daya. Lasifika yana daidaitawa zuwa yanayin masu masaukin.
Ana sayen abinci a shagon dabbobi, inda suke bayar da ba kawai ɓeraye masu rai ba, har ma da abinci na musamman don sanduna. Dabbar tana son ruwa, saboda haka dole ne ruwan ya kasance cikin wadataccen juzu'i kuma ya samu a kowane lokaci.
Zai zama mai godiya idan kun samar da dama don fantsama cikin wanka. Masu magana zasu iya daidaitawa da tiren a sauƙaƙe. Tare da dogon lokaci, ya kasance yana haɗuwa da 'yan uwa. Ya zama mai ƙauna, yana son shafawa.
Gina Jiki
A kowane yanki ginshikan ginshiƙai, tushen abincin shine:
- berayen ruwa;
- beraye;
- guntaye;
- sunadarai;
- tsuntsayen mai wucewa da umarnin kaji;
- kwadi;
- ragowar ganimar wasu mafarauta.
A Primorye, Priamurye, a cikin tsibirin tsibirin, kolinsky yana cin kifin da ke cike da farin ciki. A wasu wuraren, ana cin kifi ne a matsayin banda kuma galibi a lokacin sanyi. Ana cin Pikas a cikin Transbaikalia. Farauta don muskrat ta yadu a yankin gandun daji.
Masu magana da Yakut sun banbanta da danginsu ta yadda suke kai hari ga zomo. A wuraren kamun kifi, suna cin dabbobin da aka kama cikin tarko, ba tare da banbanci ga wakilan jinsinsu ba.
Grouse, baƙar fata, baƙin itace, ɓoyayyen itace a ɓoye a cikin dusar ƙanƙara don dare a cikin hunturu, wanda ke ba da damar farautar shafi. Kama ƙananan rodents a cikin hunturu, mustelids suna iya gudu zuwa mita talatin a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Masu magana manyan gourmets ne. Suna zaune na dogon lokaci kusa da lalatattun amya. Ba sa son kwadi, amma suna cin su ne saboda rashin ingantaccen abinci a lokacin tsananin damuna, suna samun su daga jikin ruwa.
Dabbobin da ke zaune kusa da ƙauyuka suna cin abincin banza. Suna farautar kaji; an lura da batun kai hari ga kuliyoyi. Masu cin nasara mafi cin nasara suna cin ragowar sau da yawa a yankin dazukan Gabas ta Tsakiya, inda yawancin wuraren zama da bambancin jinsunan dabbobi ya fi yawa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
A watan Fabrairu, yawancin masu magana suna fitowa daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Gwanin haihuwa ne yake motsa su. A wannan lokacin, maza suna da damuwa don neman abokai, suna watsi da iyakokin ƙasarsu. Bayan sun kai shekara, dabbar ana daukarta ta balaga, mata suna shirye don saduwa daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa tsakiyar Mayu.
Idan murfin ya baci ko tsintsiyar ta mutu, hadi zai yiwu a karo na biyu. Kuna buƙatar kasancewa cikin lokaci kafin watan Agusta, lokacin da maza suka ƙare aikin jima'i. Mata na shirya gida a gidajensu. An ƙirƙiri matashin kai mai taushi daga ragowar tsire-tsire bushe, gashin tsuntsu, gashin dabbobi.
Ciki yana dauke da kwanaki 35-40. Yawancin lokaci 'ya'yan ƙabila 3-7 suna bayyana, matsakaicin lamba shine 12. An sami ɗan kwikwiyo a cikin gidan Itatsi na ƙasar Japan. An haifi brood ne kurma da makaho, a cikin kayan ado masu haske. Hakoran farko sun ɓullo a cikin kwanaki 15, hangen nesa da ji a cikin wata ɗaya.
Bayan wasu makonni biyu, gashin gashi yana da launi mai launi mai launi mai zafi, wani abin rufe fuska yana bayyana akan bakin bakin. A lokaci guda, rarrafe na farko daga gida yana faruwa. Uwa ita kadai ke shiga cikin ciyarwa da kiwon 'ya'yan. Idan ta tafi farauta, sai ta yi wayo ta ɓoye ƙofar gidan da za ta sauka. Idan ya cancanta, da ƙarfin zuciya kare 'ya'yan.
Watanni biyu na farko brood din suna ciyar da madara, daga baya kan kananan beraye da tsuntsayen da mata ke karba. A lokacin kaka, ƙuruciya ta girma ta zama girman babba, ya bar mafaka, ya fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. A cikin gandun daji ko a gida, masu magana suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru 9-10. A cikin daji - shekaru 2-3. Akwai masu shekaru dari wadanda suka mutu sanadiyyar dabi'a suna da shekara shida.
