Bayani da fasali
Kites tsuntsaye ne na ganima babban, dangin shaho. Sun kai tsayi har zuwa 0.5 m, babban kayan manya yayi nauyi 1 kg. Fukafukan sun fi kunkuntar, amma girma a tsayi - tare da tsayi har zuwa 1.5 m.
Launin fuka-fukai sun bambanta, galibi masu launin ruwan kasa ne, launin ruwan kasa da fari sun fi yawa. Kites yawanci suna da ƙananan yatsun kafa, da ƙaramin baki. Don neman abinci, suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo a cikin iska, a hankali suna shawagi a filayen farauta.
Mazaunan wannan tsuntsaye na ganima suna ko'ina, amma, ƙananan ɓangaren kites ne masu zaman kansu. Kamar irin wannan yankuna, galibi suna zaɓar daskararrun itace, kusa da jikin ruwa.
Irin
1. Black kite. Shi talaka ne. Tsawon jiki 50-60 cm, nauyi 800-1100 g, fuka-fuki 140-155 cm tare da tsawon reshe na 41-51 cm.
Mazauna bakin kaya ko'ina, yayin da ya dogara da yankin tsuntsu na iya haifar da zaman kashe wando da kuma rayuwar makiyaya.
Saurari muryar baƙin kite
Rukunin ƙananan kite:
- Abincin Turai, wanda ke zaune a Turai (kudu maso gabas da yankunan tsakiyar sa), lokacin hunturu a Afirka. Kan nasa yana da launi mai launi.
- Kite mai kunnuwa, yana zaune a Siberia, a yankin yankin Amur.
- Iteananan kaya na Indiya da ke zaune a gabashin Pakistan, a cikin yankuna masu zafi na Indiya, da Sri Lanka.
- Kite mai yatsu, daga Papua da Gabashin Ostiraliya.
- Kite na Taiwan, yawo cikin Taiwan da Hainan.
Hoto hoto ne na ƙugiya mai yatsu
Filin farautar baƙar fata shine farin ciki na gandun daji, filaye, bankunan kogi da takunkumi. Ba safai yake farauta a cikin daji ba. Kamawar kite yana bayyana shi a matsayin polyphage.
Kodayake babban abincinsa shine gopher, yana iya farautar kifi, ɓeraye iri-iri, kuli-kuli, hamster, bushiya, kadangaru, ƙaramin tsuntsaye (gwarare, ɓarna, finchi, masu sare itace), da kurege.
2. Whistler Kite... Duk inda ke zaune a yankunan Australia, New Caledonia da New Guinea. Tsuntsu ne na dazuzzuka, yana rayuwa kusa da ruwa. Gabaɗaya, yana haifar da salon rayuwa mai nutsuwa, a cikin wannan kwayar halittar, amma wani lokacin tana iya yin ƙaura zuwa yankunan arewacin nahiyar yayin lokutan fari.
Ya sami sunan laƙabi saboda halin hayaniya. Wannan tsuntsu yakan busa bushe-bushe yayin tashi da yayin da yake cikin gida. Kukan kaza mai busa sauti kamar sauti mai ƙarfi na halin mutuwa, biye da gajere da yawa, kowanne ya fi na ƙarshe.
Abincin su ya hada da dukkan dabbobin da zasu iya samu: kifi, kwari, dabbobi masu rarrafe, amphibians, crustaceans, kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye. Hakanan ba sa ƙin mushe, kuma a cikin kifin na New Guinea, yana da kaso mafi tsoka na abinci. Masu bushewa suna cin gawa a lokacin sanyi kawai.
3. Brahmin Kite. Ana iya samun wannan nau'in a Sri Lanka, Indiya, Pakistan, Bangladesh, kudu maso gabashin Asiya, da Ostiraliya. Yana zaune a wurare masu zafi / wurare masu zafi, galibi gefen bakin teku.
Mafi yawanci yana rayuwa ne a cikin kwayar halittar, amma yana iya yin jirage na lokaci-lokaci hade da lokacin damina. Tushen abincin tsuntsaye shine gawa, mataccen kifi da kaguwa. Lokaci-lokaci yakan farautar kurege, kifi da satar ganima daga wasu mafarautan.
4. Red kite... Matsakaicin matsakaici (tsayin jiki: 60-65 cm, span: 175-195 cm). Akwai ƙananan raƙuman 2. Gidajen zama a duk duniya, daga Scandinavia, Turai da ƙasashen CIS har zuwa Afirka, Tsibirin Canary da Caucasus. Ya fi son yanayi mai sanyin yanayi, da daɗaɗɗen dazuzzuka kusa da filaye da filayen noma.
Saurari muryar jan kite
5. Kite hakora biyu. Ya sami babban suna don haƙori 2 akan bakin. Yana da ƙafa-ƙafa. Girma dabam ƙananan ne, matsakaicin nauyi: 230 g. A baya can, mallakar dangin falcon ne. Tana zaune a cikin gandun daji masu zafi / zafi, daga yankin kudancin Mexico zuwa Brazil. Yana zaune ko'ina a cikin kewayonsa.
6. Kaya mai ruwan toka. Kiwo a Gabashin Mexico, Peru, Argentina, a Tsibirin Ptiatsa, Trinidad. A lokacin sanyi, yakan tashi kudu. Dangi ne na kayan Mississippi, amma ya banbanta da shi a cikin launinta mai duhu-azurfa da gefen reshe mai launi-kirji.
Mazaunan savannas da gandun daji masu nisa. Babban abincin shine kwari masu yawo a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi da dabbobi iri-iri masu rarrafe.
Mississippi Kite yi la'akari da shi ƙananan yanki. Yana zaune a yankin Kudancin-Tsakiyar Amurka, yayi ƙaura zuwa ƙasashen kudu. Yana son yanayi mai sanyin kai, yaɗu ko'ina.
7. Katun tutsar sulug... Wanda ke zaune a Yankunan Kudancin-Tsakiyar Amurka. Tsuntsun yana da matsakaiciyar girma, mai tsawon jiki daga 36-48 cm, fikafikansa 100-120 cm kuma nauyinsa yakai 350-550. Abincinta kawai shi ne katantanwa masu sinadarai, wanda saboda su ne yake sauka kusa da fadama da ruwa. Tare da taimakon bakin bakin ciki, mai lankwasa baki, mai farautar yana fitar da zirin daga cikin harsashin.
8. Gwanin Chubated. An rarraba ko'ina cikin Ostiraliya, amma ba mutane da yawa ba. Yana haifar da salon rayuwa, amma wasu tsuntsayen suna yin ƙaura. Abincinta shine ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye da ƙwai, masu rarrafe, katantanwa da kwari.
9. Kitsen kunnuwa. Jinsi a arewacin Ostiraliya. Zaɓaɓɓun ƙanƙun wurare masu zafi, dazuzzuka, busassun makiyaya da hamada a matsayin mazauni. Ita ce mafi girman tsuntsu a Ostiraliya mai girman jiki 50-60 cm, ɗaukar fukafukai na 145-155 cm, kuma nauyinsu ya kai 1300 g.
Abincin sa dabbobi ne masu rarrafe, kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye da gidajen su. Bakin ungulu mai baƙar fata yana iya yanyanke ƙwai na babban tsuntsun da ke kwance a ƙasa da dutse.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Ba wanda zai iya jayayya ko wannan tsuntsayen yana ƙaura. Mafi yawa daga cikin waɗannan dabbobin daji masu ƙaura suna yin ƙaura yayin lokacin hunturu, kuma kawai 'yan jinsuna, ƙananan ko wasu mutane ke rayuwa ta "dawwamamme". Mafi yawanci, yakan tashi zuwa Afirka da ƙasashe masu dumi na Asiya, wasu jinsunan Australiya suna yin ƙaura a cikin nahiyar.
Don jirgin, kites suna haɗuwa a cikin manyan garken tumaki, wanda ke da wuya ga tsuntsayen ganima.
An lura da zuwan farkon mutane zuwa wuraren nest a farkon bazara, a cikin Maris. A cikin yankin ƙananan Dnieper, yana iya bayyana ko da 'yan kwanakin da suka gabata.
Tashi yana faruwa galibi a ƙarshen Satumba da farkon Oktoba. Yawan kites na Arewacin ƙasar suna zuwa daga baya a cikin bazara, kuma suna tashi a farkon lokacin bazara, zuwa kwana 7-9.
Wasu al'ummomin sun yi amannar cewa kites suna cinna wuta a dazuzzuka ta hanyar jefa kansu a gobara, don haka "shan sigari" daga mafaka
Kites sun fi son zama kusa da manyan ruwa, wanda ya basu damar da ba za a iya musu ba a cikin farauta da rayuwa. Ba abu bane mai sauki ga tsuntsaye su kare wuraren farauta. Don kare gidajensu daga cin amanar abokan aikinsu, kite sun rataya abubuwa masu haske da fatan za a kawar da su.
A cikin bincike, waɗannan tsuntsayen masu cin nama suna iya yin sama sama na dogon lokaci. Yawancin masu lura da tsuntsaye suna iya gano nau'ikan kite ta hanyar kwane-kwane na sararin samaniya.
Gina Jiki
Tsuntsayen ba sa son abinci. Suna cin kusan dukkanin abincin asalin dabbobi, yayin da basa kyamar hatta ragowar kayan abincin da aka karba daga wasu masu cin abincin. Bugu da kari, a cikin wasu nau'in, shi ke samar da yawancin abincin.
Kites suna cin duk abin da zasu samu: ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe, amphibians, kifi, ɓawon burodi. Ga mai cinyewa, babban abincin shine babban katantanwa na ampullary.
Ga harkar noma kites kawo kamar yadda fa'ida, Saboda haka da cutarwa, a gefe guda, karɓar iko da adadin beraye, tare da yin aiki a matsayin tsari, kuma a ɗayan, afkawa ƙananan dabbobin gida.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Kites na mata yawanci sun fi maza girma da nauyi. Dukansu suna cikin aikin ginin gida. Tsuntsaye suna amfani da rassa masu kauri daban-daban, kuma an shimfiɗa wajan shimfidar ciyawa da ciyawa bushe, dusar ruwa, zane, tarkacen takardu, ulu, da sauran abubuwa.
Lokacin da aka gyara gida, baƙar baƙar fata tana ƙarfafa shi da rassa kuma suna ƙirƙirar sabon tushe. Ana amfani da gida ɗaya da iri ɗaya har zuwa shekaru 4-5, wanda ke nufin cewa zai iya canzawa a cikin girma a duk tsawon wannan lokacin.
Gwari sukan zama ganuwar gida. Waɗannan gidajen sau da yawa suna kan bishiyoyi har zuwa 20 m sama da ƙasa, wani lokacin a tsawo na 10-11 m. Yawanci bishiyoyin gida suna kusa da jikin ruwa - itacen oak, alder, barkon birch.
A cikin yanayin yankin Dnieper, baƙar baƙin fata fara ba da ƙwai a watan Afrilu - Mayu. Lokacin kwanciya alama ce mai kyau na yawan hasken rana akan haifuwa.
Kwancen ƙwai na baƙar fata yana faruwa ne kawai a tsayin rana na awa 14.5-15. Shuka tana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 26-28 kuma tana farawa ne da ƙwan farko. Jimlar kama tsakanin ƙwai biyu da huɗu.
Kaji kaji
Kaji sun kyankyashe daga Mayu zuwa Yuni. Ana samun kaza na shekaru daban-daban a cikin gidajen yanar gizo. Masana kimiyyar halittar jiki sun lura da shari'ar mutuwar wadanda aka kyankyashe, saboda cin mafi yawancin abincin da tsoffin kajin suka yi, da kuma cewa bayan tashin jirgin, iyaye sukan daina kula da 'ya'yansu.
Gabaɗaya, ƙimar rayuwa na kajin kite baƙar fata a cikin gandun dajin Samara (bisa ga ƙididdigar AD Kolesnikov) ya kai 59.5%. Yawancin mutuwarsu suna da alaƙa da ayyukan mutum.
