A ranar 21 ga Maris, 2018, wani abin ban mamaki ya faru a Volokolamsk - Yara 57 daga sassa daban-daban na birnin sun zo asibiti tare da alamun cutar guba. A lokaci guda, a cewar rahotanni na kafofin watsa labaru, mazauna sun koka game da:
- wani wari mai ban tsoro yana fitowa daga kwandon shara na Yadrovo;
- rashin gargadi game da sakin gas a daren 21-22 ga Maris a kafofin watsa labarai.
A yau, yajin aiki da tarurruka na ci gaba a yankin tare da buƙatun rufe kwandon shara ba wai kawai a Volokolamsk ba, har ma a wasu yankuna, waɗanda mazauna yankin ke cikin fargaba game da kyakkyawar fata ta guba.
Bari muyi kokarin daga wani bangare daban, me ya faru, yake faruwa kuma zai iya faruwa?
Sharan shara
Ga galibin mutane a kan titin, kalmar "landfill" tana da alaƙa da babban juji, inda motoci ke zubar da tarin shara mai wari. A cikin encyclopedia, sun rubuta cewa an tsara shi ne don "keɓewa da zubar da shara mai ƙazanta". Ofayan manyan ayyukan da wannan wurin dole ne ya cika shi ne "tabbatar da aminci da tsabtar jiki da lafiyar annoba ta jama'a." A yau, "kiyaye" dukkan maki a bayyane yake.
Gas gas
Sakin gas yayin bazuwar sharar ma'adinai lamari ne na al'ada, na al'ada. Ya ƙunshi kusan rabin methane da carbon dioxide. Adadin abubuwan da ba na methane ba sun wuce 1%.
Yaya daidai wannan yake faruwa?
Lokacin da aka ajiye shara mai ƙazamar birni a kwandon shara, ana yin taɓarɓarewar iska, wanda ke samar da ƙananan methane. Bayan haka, yayin da matakin tarkace ke ƙaruwa, zagayen anaerobic yana farawa kuma ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke samar da wannan gas mai cutarwa sun fara lalata rubbun sharar tare da samar da methane. Lokacin da adadinsa ya zama mai mahimmanci, fitarwa yakan auku - ƙaramin fashewa.
Tasirin methane da carbon dioxide a jikin mutum
Methane a cikin ƙananan allurai ba shi da ƙamshi kuma ba shi da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam - rubuta masana kimiya masu daraja sosai. Alamomin farko na guba a yanayin juzu'i suna faruwa ne lokacin da hankalinsa a cikin iska ya wuce 25-30% na ƙarar.
Carbon dioxide ana samunsa a cikin iska da muke shaka a kullum. A wuraren da suke nesa da iskar gas ɗin sharar birane, matakinsa ya kai kashi 0.035%. Tare da kara maida hankali, mutane sun fara jin gajiya, rage kaskantar hankali da hankali.
Lokacin da matakin CO2 ya kai 0.1-0.2%, ya zama mai guba ga mutane.
Da kaina, bayan nazarin duk waɗannan bayanan, tambayar ta tashi - shekara nawa, da kuma yawan ɓarnatar da aka yi a tashar Yadrovo, idan sakin gas a cikin yanki ya haifar da gubar mutane da yawa? Wannan lokaci. Adadin wadanda abin ya shafa, ina da tabbacin wannan, ya wuce adadin mutane 57 da aka nuna a kafofin watsa labarai. Sauran, wataƙila, kawai ba su kuskura su je asibiti don taimako ba. Wadannan guda biyu ne. Kuma mafi mahimmiyar tambaya da ta taso shine me yasa suke neman rufe wannan shara da kuma jigilar shara zuwa wani? Gafarta dai, amma mutane basa zama a wurin?
Lambobi
Idan kuna da sha'awa, to bari mu kula da wannan gaskiyar - a yankin na yankin Moscow akwai kusan wuraren aiki 44, masu ruftawa da sake kwato yankin ya bambanta daga hekta 4-5 zuwa 123. Mun yanke ma'anar lissafi kuma mun sami kilomita 9.44 km2 da datti.
Yankin yankin Moscow shine 45,900 km2. A ka'ida, ba sarari da yawa aka tanada don shara, idan bakayi la'akari da cewa dukkan su bane:
- samar da gas a cikin abubuwa masu guba;
- gurbata ruwan karkashin kasa;
- yanayin guba.
A duk faɗin duniya, yanzu ana ci gaba da shirye-shirye don rage hayaƙin CO2 a cikin sararin samaniya, kiyayewa da adana albarkatun ruwa, muhalli, fure da fauna. Mai girma sosai, kuma, yayi kyau a takarda. A aikace, mutane suna yajin aiki, kuma jami'ai suna neman wuraren da za su kirkiro wani sabon tushen iskar gas mai guba, suna kara yankinsu kowace shekara. Muguwar da'ira?
Bari muyi la'akari da matsalar daga wancan bangaren. Idan tambaya ta taso, bari mu warware ta. Idan mutane sun hau kan tituna - don haka bari mu buƙaci a kawar da matsalar, kuma kada a sauya ta daga "ciwon kai zuwa mai lafiya." Me ya sa ba zai yiwu a rubuta fastoci tare da bukatar sanya shuke-shuke na sarrafa shara a yankin ba da kuma magance matsalar daya daga cikin matsalolin sharar gida, sakamakon duniya kuma, a matsayin kyauta, bar gas mai cutarwa cikin tashar lumana? Shin ba wanda ya kula da gaskiyar cewa ta hanyar gabatar da ikirari ga manema labarai da rufe juji daya, ba mu magance matsalolin muhalli a yankin?
Ina son duk wanda wannan matsalar ta shafa - kuma wannan dukkan mu ne - muyi tunani, mu yi nazari mu bayar da amsoshi ga tambayoyin da aka gabatar. Kada ku yi tsammanin abin al'ajabi - ba zai faru ba. Yi abubuwan al'ajabi da kanka - saita buƙatun da suka dace kuma sami aikin da ya dace. Ta wannan hanya ne kawai, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa, za mu iya (duk yadda ya ji tsoro) don kiyaye yanayin rayuwar kanmu, zuriyarmu da mahalli mai kyau.
