Raunana yayin raira waƙa Lokacin dabbar ciki filayen ƙasa waƙa don haka wahayi cewa duniya da ke kewaye da shi ba su ji. Wannan ya sa tsuntsu ya kasance da alaƙa da raƙuman itace. Latterarshen ma ya sami sunan ta saboda rashin ji yayin halin yanzu.
Waƙar masarar masara, kamar gandun daji, yana jan hankalin mata kawai, har ma da mafarauta. Suna amfani da rashin jin daɗin tsuntsaye na ɗan lokaci, suna zuwa gabansu ta nesa da kusa. Masana ilimin tsabtace jiki sun kusanci kawai don nazarin masarar masara.
Bayani da fasali na masarar masara
Crake - tsuntsu rabu da kama, kamar makiyayi. Tsoffin Girkawa sun sanya jinsunan a matsayin kwarto. Koyaya, suna cikin kajin. Ana kiran dangin kwarto da sunan goro. Dangin masara sune sultanka, babba, makiyayan uek da ruwa, gama gari.
Abubuwan fasalin masara sune:
- nauyi a tsakanin gram 100-200
- tsawon jiki daga santimita 20 zuwa 25
- kimanin fuka-fukai 46 cm
- mai danshi, babba, jikin dan kadan yana matse jiki
- dogon wuya da madaidaiciya
- zagaye, karamin kai
- gajeren wutsiya tare da madaidaicin gashin tsuntsu a ƙarshen
- zagaye fikafikan matsakaici tsayi
- gajere, mai kaifi da kuma ɗan lanƙwasa baki
- mai yawa, launin ruwan kasa-ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan toho a wuya da bayan tsuntsu
- powerfularfi, gajerun kafafu don ɗakuna masu doguwar ƙafa da kaifi
- murya mai raɗaɗi, wanda ake kiran masarar masassara da shi
- launin toka mai launin toka a cikin mata da kuma ja a cikin mata
Mace ta hagu da kuma kwarkwarar namiji
Baya ga kalar goiter, maza da mata na masarar ba za a iya rarrabe da launi ba. Girman wakilai na jinsi daban-daban shima iri daya ne.
Nau'in masarar masara
Bayanin fashewa samu ba koyaushe iri ɗaya ba. Nuances suna dogara ne akan nau'in tsuntsaye. Ee a:
- Kuskuren gama gari Mafi girma. Kowane mutum ya kai santimita 30 a tsayi. Tsawon fikafikan zai iya zama santimita 54. Yawan nau'ikan ba sa fuskantar barazanar bacewa, amma ya kasa da yawan masarar Afirka.
- Afirka crake. Yana da ƙanƙanci fiye da yadda aka saba, nauyinsa bai wuce gram 140 ba, kuma bai wuce tsawon santimita 23 ba. Tsuntsu yana da yawa, ba a saka shi cikin littafin Ja.
Afirka crake
Dukkanin nau'ikan masara sun fita waje tsakanin tsuntsayen makiyaya ta karamin abin da suke haɗewa da fadama. Jaruman labarin sun fi gamsuwa da filaye masu fadi.
Yanayin Crake
Hanyar rayuwar masara ya dogara da jinsinsu. Tsuntsayen gama gari suna son busassun wuraren zama tare da ciyawa mai tsayi. Masarar alkama ta Afirka suna zaɓar ƙananan ciyayi da kuma yankuna masu ɗumi. Bugu da kari, wakilan jinsin ba su da sirri kamar tsuntsayen talakawa. Sauran siffofin rayuwar jinsin iri daya ne:
- duk masarar masara suna tashi ba da son ransu ba kuma ba tare da wata wahala ba, ba tare da sun sa ƙafafunsu a cikin gudu ba, wanda kawai ke tawaya cikin iska
- tsuntsayen nau'ikan suna iya rufe tazara mai nisa a kafa, wanda ke bayanin ci gaban, muscularity na kafafun tsuntsaye
- tsuntsayen masara aiki da dare, yana hutawa da rana
- wakilan jinsin suna rera waka, suna daga kawunansu sama da ciyawa kuma galibi suna juya wuyansu, wanda hakan ke da wahalar tantance wurin da dabba take da sautinta
- har sau 300 a jere an ji sauti, masarar masara ihu "crack-crack-crack", wanda yayi kama da "kiɗa" da aka samar ta riƙe sandar katako tare da haƙoran tsefe
- wakilan jinsin suna da babbar murya, ana jin kukan tsuntsaye daga kilomita daya
- da ake firgita, fashewar masara kamar magpies
- da sauri yana gudana akan ciyawa, masara suna iya canza alkibla ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da rage saurin motsi ba
- duk masarar ta ƙaura ce, yayin da na gama gari ke kwarara zuwa Turai da Afirka don hunturu, kuma na Afirka suna tsallaka babban yankin, suna gujewa fari
- masara suna gudu, suna lanƙwasa wuyansu ƙasa, wanda zai basu damar ɓacewa a cikin ciyawa, amma lokaci-lokaci tsuntsayen zasu ɗaga kawunansu don lura da hanyar
Kuskuren gama gari
Ana rarrabe shi ta masarar masara da salon rayuwa mai kadaita. Ko da kan dogon jirgi, tsuntsayen ba sa rakiya. Ana lasafta hanyar don tsayar da tsayawa mai yiwuwa. In ba haka ba, mummunan hatsin jirgin masara mai hatsari ba zai isa inda suka nufa ba.
Gidan tsuntsaye
Kodayake ba a ɗaure masarar da fadama ba, tsuntsaye suna zaɓar ciyawa mai dausayi. Yawancin waɗannan suna da iri, wanda ba ya damun tsuntsaye. Akasin haka, a kusancin ƙasashen da aka noma, masarar masara kuma tana samun kusanci da tushen abinci.
A Rasha masara:
- Suna yawan shiga taiga. Tsuntsayen sun zaɓi hanya ta tsakiya. Don kamawa masarar masara a hoto zaka iya, misali, kusa da Krasnoyarsk. Anan, ana samun wakilan dangin makiyaya a cikin yankin Kansk, a cikin kogunan ruwan kogin Mana da Chulym, a ƙasan Kizir.
- Hawan duwatsu. Hakanan akwai ciyawar ciyawa. Menene masarar masara? ana iya gani a tsaunukan Sayan. Akwai makiyaya iri-iri masu tsayi.
- Yana sauka a fadamar kudu ta bel din taiga. Akwai waɗancan, alal misali, a ƙasan Angara.
- Wani lokaci yakan zabi yankan itace da kuma matakan mara dadi don gida, kamar wadanda aka samu a Buryatia.
Idan mazaunin masara an iyakance shi ne ga alamomin wuri, ana samun tsuntsaye har zuwa digo 620 arewa latitude.
Abincin alkama
Abincin abincin masara ya kunshi na dabbobi da na tsire-tsire. Thearshen ya haɗa da harbe-harbe matasa, iri da hatsi waɗanda ke fadowa daga kunnuwa a cikin filayen. Daga abincin dabbobi, tsuntsaye suna zaɓar:
- kwari
- katantanwa
- tsutsar ciki
- tsakiya
- kwari
Jerin a kaikaice ya amsa tambayar, corncrake ƙaura ko a'a... Girman fuka-fukai ba a shirye suke ba da abincin dabbobi. Babban abincin masara ba ta da "tauri". Ba za ku sami kwari da tsutsotsi a lokacin sanyi ba. Don haka dole ne ku tashi zuwa yankuna masu arzikin abinci.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Corncrakes sun isa wuraren shakatawa a watan Mayu. Kimanin makonni 2, tsuntsayen sun sauka, bayan haka sun fara haihuwa. Ma'aurata suna da aure guda ɗaya, ma'ana, abokan tarayya suna da aminci ga juna. Lamarin auren mata fiye da daya, yayin da namiji a lokaci guda ya fara hulɗa da mata da yawa, ya zama na musamman tsakanin masararrun masara.
Can kwalliyar masara
Cin mata, maza:
- yi kuka mai sauti biyu kamar yadda ake yin kwadi
- rawa, nuna alamun lemu a fuka-fuki
- ba mata kyauta, alal misali, ciyawar ciyawa da tsakuwa
Gida na Crake shirya cikin ciyawa mai yawa, haƙa rami a ƙasa. Mace ta tsunduma cikin wannan. Ta shimfida gida-gida tare da gansakuka, ciyawar ciyawa da ciyayi. Tsuntsayen suna kafa ƙwai 7-12 akan wannan katifa. Yawancin lokaci masara suna yin kama ɗaya a kowace shekara, amma kuma akwai biyu.
Gida ta fashe tare da kwai
Qwai suna kyankyasar kwan sati 3. Ana haihuwar kaza da launin ruwan kasa-toka, bayan kwanaki 3 a shirye suke don rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Don zama mai aminci, uwa tana kula da zuriyar har tsawon wata ɗaya. A shekara ta tsuntsaye suna balaga, kuma zuwa shekara 7 yawanci sukan mutu.
