Yankin Siberia ya buge a cikin iyakar yankinsa - 77% na ƙasashen Rasha. Da farko rarrabe sassan Yamma da Gabas tare da yanayi daban-daban da fauna mai yawan gaske.
Tsuntsayen Siberia wakiltar fiye da nau'ikan ɗari biyu. Waɗannan tsuntsayen kudu ne waɗanda suka kutsa cikin zurfin zuwa arewa, mazaunan taiga, tsuntsayen bishiyun gandun-daji da yankuna-yanki. Sunayen tsuntsayen Siberia jerin zasu dauki sama da shafi daya na rubutu. Daga cikinsu akwai tsuntsaye da yawa, waɗanda aka sani a wasu yankuna, amma akwai wakilai ƙanana waɗanda ba za a iya samunsu ko'ina cikin duniya ba.
Tsuntsayen daji taiga
An rarraba rayuwar tsuntsaye ba tare da daidaituwa ba a kan manyan yankunan taiga. Tsuntsayen galibi suna rayuwa kusa da tabkuna da kwaruruka. Gandun daji na samar da abinci da wuraren kwana ga mazauna. Kodayake lokacin sanyi na taiga yana da tsauri, ana iya kiyaye iska a nan. Saboda murfin dusar kankara, dayawa tsuntsayen daji na Siberia sami mafaka daga yanayin sanyi da makiya na halitta.
Tsuntsayen Siberia a cikin hunturu kada kuyi jirgin sama na ainihi, kodayake ƙaura daga lokaci na faruwa. Keɓaɓɓiyar duniyar avian taiga ba ta da tasiri a cikin mutane fiye da, misali, tsarin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Tsuntsayen suna fama da gobarar dajin da ke canza yanayin wuri.
Rushewar wasu jinsuna na faruwa: ci gaban mazaunan tudun daji, da jan hankalin tsuntsayen da ke wucewa zuwa ciyawar da ke bushewar wuraren da aka kone. Mafi girman halayen tsuntsaye na taiga suna wakiltar dangi. Suna cin abinci a ƙasa, bishiyoyi, ciyayi kuma suna shuka abinci. Suna zaune.
Girkin itace
Nau'ikan 4 na katako suna zaune a Siberia, suna da bambancin halaye masu launi daga duhu zuwa farin ciki. Akwai bambance-bambancen sauye-sauye da yawa na mutane daban-daban a kan iyakar jeri. Ana samun su a cikin gandun daji da aka gauraye, amma sun fi son duniyar itacen al'ul da itacen al'ul - babban albarkatun abinci a lokacin sanyi. Rayuwar zama a wasu lokuta yakan canza tare da ƙaurawar bazara don neman tsakuwa. Hadiɗa ƙananan duwatsu wajibi ne don murkushe abinci a cikin ciki.
Tsuntsun yana da girma kuma yana da hankali, ya kasance koyaushe abin farautar kasuwanci. Nauyin mutum ya kasance daga 2 zuwa 5 kilogiram, akwai kuma manyan samfuran. Maza sun fi mata girma. Da rana suna cin abinci a kan allurai, buds, ƙananan ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire, da dare suna kwana cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Suna cikin garken mutane da dama, amma kuma akwai masu kaɗaici. Suna rayuwa a matsakaita har zuwa shekaru 10.
Mace katako
Teterev
Tsuntsu kwatankwacin kaza. Maza baƙi ne kuma masu launin shuɗi-violet, mata suna da ja-fari-launin ruwan kasa. Black grouses suna da halayyar halayyar halayyar halayya tare da farin ƙasan da kuma madubin farin fari.
Suna zaune ba kawai a cikin taiga ba, har ma a cikin yankin gandun daji. An samo shi a cikin dazuzzuka da keƙƙuƙƙu. Garken tumaki suna ciyarwa a kusa da wuraren da jama'a suke, a fili, wuraren da aka kone, suna tashi cikin dare zuwa dazuzzuka masu aminci.
Grouse
Representativesananan wakilai na baƙon baƙin fata, masu nauyi har zuwa 400 g, girman kurciya. Sunan yana nuna halaye iri-iri masu launuka masu launin ja-toka, fari, ratsi-ratsi da baƙaƙen fata. Sake kamanni na kariya yana taimakawa wajan sake kamanni a ƙasa da tsakanin bishiyoyin dajin taiga. Grouse ya fi son masassarar spruce, kusancin ruwa tare da kananan pebbles.
Tsuntsaye suna ci gaba da bibbiyu, son da suke yi wa juna ya bunkasa sosai. Suna tashi tsakanin gindin bishiyoyi, ta hanyar kaurin zare, da sauri, amma ba na dogon lokaci ba. Ba za su iya tsayawa a buɗe sararin samaniya ba, suna buƙatar bishiyar bishiyar da suke ɓoyewa cikin gwaninta cikin fasaha - suna ɗaukar takaddama a cikin ɓangaren rassa, suna laulaye suna miƙewa a kan ƙugu na bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi.
Dikusha (ƙasƙantar da kai)
Tsuntsu daga nesa zai iya zama cikin rudani tare da kayan hazel masu alaƙa, kodayake babban tsarin Siberia ya fi girma, yana da nauyi zuwa 600 g, tsawon jiki tare da jela - kimanin 40-43 cm.
Ana kiyaye paws daga sanyi ta fuka-fukai da ƙasa. Launi launin fata ne mai baƙar fata tare da tabarau masu toka da zane. Mata suna da jan launi.
Dikusha mazaunin ɓoye ne a cikin kusurwar taiga na dajin, da wuya a iya saninsa akan ƙananan rassan bishiyoyi. Tsuntsun an san shi da yin shiru da kuma annamimanci ga mutane, wanda mafarauta ke amfani da shi sau da yawa waɗanda ke lalata broya broyan broa broan.
Don wannan fasalin, ana kiran gishirin Siberia mai ƙasƙantar da kai ko dutse. Kasancewa mai yawan jini, yana gab da hallaka ta gaba daya. An jera tsuntsun a cikin Littafin Ja.
Cuckoo
An rarraba shi ko'ina cikin yankin gandun daji. Tsawon jikin tsuntsun yana da tsawon 23-34 cm, nauyin jikin mutum yakai 100-190 g. Launin ladin ya kasance launin toka akan baya, fuka-fuki, kai. Ciki da gwaiwa suna da haske, tare da ratsiyoyi masu ratsa jiki. Idanun rawaya-lemu ne. Sanannen damuwar tsuntsaye wani lokaci taku uku ce "cuckoo", har ma ya fi tsayi yayin tashin hankali.
Saurari muryar cuckoo
Cokoo yana nisantar da gandun daji masu ci gaba, yana fifita waɗanda ke gauraya ko waɗanda ba su da katako. Yana zaune a cikin bishiyoyi daban-daban, dazuzzuka na kogin ambaliyar ruwa, inda yake zama mai lahani a cikin gidajen tsuntsayen da ba su wucewa ba.
Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa shine cewa cuckoo na maza
Katako
Babban sandpiper, mai nauyin 250-450 g, sananne ne don dogon baki da gini mai yawa. Launi a sama daga launuka masu launin toka-ja da launin ruwan kasa ne, da ƙasa - tare da halayyar raƙuman ruwa na halayya. Tsuntsayen da ke yin ƙaura suna bayyana a cikin Maris kuma bayan gida da kuma renon 'ya'yan kajin suna barin gefuna a cikin kaka.
Abincin katako ya dogara ne da tsutsotsi na duniya, kwari, da tsutsa. Tana amfani da abincin kayan lambu zuwa ƙarami. Yana tattara ganima tare da dogon baki, wanda akan jijiyarsa yake kama duk wani motsi a karkashin ƙasa.
Akwai nau'ikan nau'in wucewa da yawa a cikin taiga, sun sha bamban da kamanni da kuma tsarin rayuwa. Tsuntsayen Siberia a kan hoto tabbatar da wannan bambancin.
Kuksha
Smallaramin mazaunin gandun daji na taiga da aka yi da spruce, itacen al'ul, fir, larch. A lokacin hunturu, yana yawo zuwa wurare kusa da ƙauyuka. Tsawon butar yakai 24-30 cm, nauyi 80-90 g. Zaka iya gane tsuntsu ta bakin kambi da fuka-fukan fure mai haske. Bayan baya launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, maƙogwaro yana da launin toka mai haske. Beak, ƙafafun baki. Wutsiya tana zagaye.
Tsuntsu yana cikin motsi koyaushe, yana tashi da sauri da sauƙi. Yana ciyar da 'ya'yan itace, bawo daga kwandunan, masu ɓarna a gidajen wasu mutane. Ba shi tsoron mutum sosai, yana ba shi izinin nisan mita 2.
Kuksha sanannu ne saboda tsananin jimrewa a cikin tsananin sanyi har zuwa debe 70 ° С - tsuntsun ya tsere a cikin wasu tsaffin squirrel ko dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi.
Gyada (goro mai goro)
Sunan tsuntsaye yana nuna buri ga babban abinci - pine nuts. Ana rarraba manyan hannayen jari, itacen alkama, goro zuwa ɗakunan ajiya a wurare daban-daban. Wannan yana kiyayewa daga yunwa a cikin damuna mai sanyi ba kawai uwargidan kayan abinci ba, amma kuma yana aiki ne a matsayin abinci mai kyau ga ɓerayen filaye masu laushi, hares, har da beyar.
A cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin rani, tsuntsayen da ke aiki tuƙuru suna tattara kusan goro 70,000, waɗanda ake ɗauke da su a cikin kashi kusan 100 a cikin jaka ta hyoid ta musamman.
Karamin tsuntsu mai dogon baki nauyinsa yakai 130-190 g kawai.Gankin jikinsa yakai kimanin 30 cm, tsawon wutsiyar kuma yakai 10-12 cm. Lumbin launin ruwan kasa ne masu launin fari. Kai daidai yake da launi.
Nutcrackers tsuntsaye ne masu hayaniya. Yin bushewa, raira waƙa, kururuwa - ana iya jin komai a cikin sadarwar waɗannan tsuntsayen masu ban mamaki. A cikin Tomsk, akwai abin tunawa ga goro, ƙaramar alama ce ta babbar Siberia.
Saurari waka da kururuwar masu goro
Finch
Chaffinch ƙarami ne a cikin jiki, tsawon jiki kusan 15 cm, an rarraba shi a kan yanki mai faɗi har zuwa gandun-tundra. Sun fi son gandun daji, daɗaɗɗun gandun daji. A cikin yankunan arewacin Siberia, finch suna barin gidajensu don hunturu, a ɓangaren kudanci suna rayuwa ta zama.
Filayen launuka masu haske: shugaban yana da launin toka-shuɗi, launuka masu launin ja-ja a kirji, kunci, fikafikan da wutsiya baƙi ne, jelar ta sama kore ce. Finch na rayuwa a wurare kusa da yankunan jama'a, suna guje wa jeji.
Wannan ya saukaka wa tsuntsayen samar da abinci. Tsaba, hatsi, ganye, kwari, kwari na lambun suna abinci.
Wintering tsuntsaye
Sanyi ba shine babban dalilin da yasa tsuntsayen suka bar gidajensu ba. Rashin samar da abinci shine babban dalili, kuma ga jikin ruwa - daskararren jikin ruwa. Wintering tsuntsaye na Siberia Shin tsuntsayen masu wahala ne masu wahala waɗanda ke cin duk abin da suka samu.
Babban Gangon Gano
Launin baƙi da fari na ƙaramin tsuntsu, ya kai kimanin 100 g, tare da jan hular sananne ga mutane da yawa. Bugawa da katako daga bugu mai ƙarfi na baki yana nuna rayuwar masu katako. Tailaramar wutsiya da aka yi da gashin tsuntsu na roba tana aiki a matsayin tallafi don motsi tare da akwati don neman abinci. Katako yana tashi da kyau, amma ya fi son hawa bishiyoyi. Tare da dogon harshe, yana cirewa daga ƙarƙashin bawon ƙwayoyin larvae da kwari iri-iri.
Sauran dangi suna zaune a Siberia: ƙaramin tabo na itace, kore da kuma bishiyoyi masu toci uku. Rarrabe tsakanin ƙananan siffofinsu na launi da tsari.
Wingwanƙwasa
Tsuntsu mai ƙugu a cikin Siberia ba za a iya gane shi ba ta hanyar launinsa na ban mamaki. Launin fuka-fukan galibi launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ne tare da baƙin makogwaro da abin rufe fuska, alamun rawaya da fari akan fuka-fukan. A lokacin hunturu, waxwings suna yawo don neman abinci. Suna ciyar da dukkan 'ya'yan itace, musamman' ya'yan itacen misletoe.
Araunar tsuntsayen tana sa hanjin abinci ya ragu. Nauyin da ake ci a kowace rana ya fi na tsuntsayen nauyi. Waxworms ana daukar su masu kyau iri. Wasu lokuta waxwings suna haduwa da 'ya'yan itace masu danshi, daga inda suke bugu, faduwa kuma galibi suna mutuwa.
Nuthatches an rarrabe su ta hanyar son 'ya'yan itace
Nuthatch
Tsuntsu mai tarin yawa kamar girman gwara. Kuna iya gane tsuntsu ta bayan farin launin toka-toka da kuma fari a ƙasan, madaidaicin dogon baki da baƙar fata da ke ratsa ido.
Sunan tsuntsu yana nuna kebantattun abubuwa na motsi - kwayayen yana bincikar kututture a tsaye daga kasa zuwa sama kuma akasin haka. Ana samun tsuntsu mai zama a cikin gandun daji masu gauraye, gauraye.
Tsuntsaye masu farauta
Bambancin iri iri da kwanciyar hankali na tushen abinci yana jan hankalin yawancin tsuntsaye masu ganima a Yammaci da Gabashin Siberia. Suna zaune ne a cikin dajin taiga da cikin tsaunuka da dazuzzuka. Tsuntsayen ganima na Siberia sun hada da nau'ikan tsuntsayen da basa zaune da wakilan kudanci masu yin ƙaura zuwa yankunan tsakiyar don hunturu.
Black kite
Tsaka-tsakin tsuntsaye mai ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa. Wutsiya tana da halayyar "ƙira". Yana shawagi kuma yana zagayawa a cikin jirgin sama a tsawan mita 100. Muryar maƙarƙanyar kamar trill ne, wani lokacin ana jinsa kamar busa.
Saurari muryar baƙin kite
A cikin abinci mai gina jiki - polyphage. Ba za ta iya kai hari ga ganima ba saboda rauni. A cikin abincin rodents, frogs, ƙananan tsuntsaye, gawa, datti, kifin agwagwa.
Hawk
Mai hangen nesa na matsakaici - tsawon reshe yana da kusan 30 cm, nauyin 1.0-1.5 kg. Idanun tsuntsun masu launin rawaya-lemu ne, an sa gaba, wanda zai basu damar ganin abun da kyau. Kaifin gani ya fi dan adam sau 8. Ji m.
Launin tsuntsun galibi yana da launi mai duhu tare da tabarau. Zan rage jiki zuwa sautunan rawaya-ocher. An yi wa yara ado da zane. Tsarin jiki yana bawa mai farauta damar tashi cikin sauƙin daji. Shaho yana da doguwar jela, a yanka a madaidaiciya, gajeran fikafikai. Toarfin motsawa, ɗauka da sauri, juyawa, tsayawa ba zato ba da fa'ida cikin farauta.
Abincin ya dogara ne akan tsuntsaye. Pigeons, pheasants, hazel grouses, tsuntsaye sun zama ganima. Hawks wani lokacin sukan farautar kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, kwari. Ana cin waɗanda aka cutar da fuka-fukai, ƙasusuwa, ulu.
Mikiya
Babban tsuntsu mai dauke da fuka-fuki mai tsawon mita 2. Launi na monophonic ne, mai ruwan kasa ne, a kan kan manya akwai baƙar "hular". Wutsiya tana da tsayi, zagaye. Feetafafu masu ƙarfi ƙwarai suna da gashin tsuntsu har zuwa yatsun kafa. Soars a babban tsawo. Yana tafiya da gudu da kyau a ƙasa. Muryar tana kama da haushi, amma tana iya fitar da abubuwa masu daɗi.
Saurari muryar gaggafa ta zinariya
Yana farautar kurege, gophers, agwagwa, jariri barewa da barewa. Akwai sanannun lokuta na hare-hare akan dabbobin gida. Kada ka raina gawa.
Kestrel gama gari
Falaramin falcon tare da doguwar jela. Launi ja-kasa-kasa. Don neman abin farauta, sai ta “girgiza” a wuri ɗaya tare da fiffiken fikafikan ta. Ya fi son gandun-steppe, yankuna masu budewa.
Abincin ya hada da berayen murine, dabbobi masu rarrafe, kananan tsuntsaye. Mai farauta yana da amfani don kawar da kwari na noma. Yana neman ganima galibi daga ƙasa.
Serpentine
Mai farauta yana da halayyar "mujiya". Launi mai canzawa ne, amma kasan ya kasance mai haske, saman yana da launuka masu yawa na inuwa mai launin ruwan kasa-toka. Gudun tsuntsaye yayi kama da na gaggafa. Suna tashi sosai, suna rataye a wuri tare da juyawa iska. Suna zaune a cikin gandun daji tare da fadama da farin ciki a bude. Babban yanayin shine adadi mai yawa na macizai da kuma nesa daga mazaunin mutum.
Kwalliya
Babban mai farauta mai launi iri biyu: saman mai ruwan kasa da fari fari. Wani wuri mai duhu akan farin kai ta ido. Yana farauta akan tafki. Akwai spikes a yatsunsu don riƙe kifin. Don farauta, tana gudu daga gudu, wani lokacin ana nutsar da ita gaba ɗaya cikin ruwa. Girgiza kan tashi. Filin farautar Osprey yana nuni ga matattarar ruwa mai arzikin kifi.
Ga mai farauta, ba wai kawai tushen abinci yana da mahimmanci ba, har ma da kasancewar ciyayi masu tsayi, wani zurfin, tsabta da saurin yawo na ruwa. Nesting Conservatism ya bunkasa. Ana amfani da shafin yanar gizo ɗaya na tsawan shekaru 15-18.
Tsuntsaye
A cikin Siberia, yankin sassan ruwa ya wuce girman dukkan yankuna na jihohin Turai gaba ɗaya. Lakes Baikal da Teletskoye sune mafi girma dangane da wadataccen ruwan sha. Da yawa tsuntsayen Yammacin Siberia kifayen ruwa Duniyar su cike take da tsabtar tsarkakakkun wuraren kariya.
Rariya
Babban tsuntsu mai kalar fari-fari. Nauyin mutum har zuwa 12-13 kilogiram. Baki mai launin rawaya. Ya bambanta a cikin taka tsantsan. Deafasashen kurame da ke da girma, inda babu masunta. Tsuntsu yana da hankali. Tana ciyar da bishiyoyi masu juyawa da shuke-shuke. Ba ya nutse don abinci, sai dai kawai ya afka kansa da wuyansa. Shigowar yanayi na swans na yau da kullun.
Rage yawan tsuntsaye yana da alaƙa da abubuwan hargitsi, lalata mazaunin, farauta.
Shiren swan
Zaka iya gane bebe ta jan bakinta tare da fitowar baki da kuma yanayin ninka fikafikansa kamar gida. Wuya tare da kwana mai kyau. Nauyin mutum yana kan kimanin kilogiram 6-14. Yana zaune a jikin ruwa na yankunan tudu da yankunan gandun daji na Siberia ta Yamma. Ya fi son tabkuna tare da sandar rami. Baƙi
Jaja-jaja loon
Girman tsuntsu yana da kusan babban agwagwa. Tsakanin dangi, ya yi fice tare da launin toka, ba wai baƙar baƙa ba. An yi wa makogwaron ado da wani wuri mai haske na kirji. Tana yin gida gida a cikin ƙananan ruwa, kamar yadda tsuntsu yake tashi sama kamar yana tsalle daga cikin ruwan.
Jirgin yana da sauri, galibi ana tare da tsananin tsuntsu. Yana jin kwarin gwiwa cikin iska da ruwa. Nutsewa tare da nutsarwa har zuwa minti 2. Ya fi son dausayi. Abincin ya hada da kifi, invertebrates na cikin ruwa. Yana faruwa a cikin jikin ruwa na Siberia daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba.
Baƙin stork
Tsuntsu mai nauyin kilo 3. Launi ya bambanta - saman baƙi ne tare da launin kore-jan ƙarfe, ƙasa fari ne. Bakin-baki, kafafu ja ne. A cikin tashi, tsuntsu ya miƙe wuyansa, ya buɗe fikafikansa sosai kuma a hankali. Tsuntsaye masu ban tsoro ma suna jefa gida tare da ƙwai da kajin cikin haɗari.
Yana zaune a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka-taiga, inda akwai yankuna masu dausayi da tabkuna masu zurfin ciki. Yana ciyar da kifi, invertebrates, molluscs, kwari. Kamar wasu ƙaura masu ƙaura na Siberia, storks suna ƙaura a cikin kaka a garken mutane 10-15.
Wake
Babban Goose mai launin baki da ratsin lemu da ƙafafu. Siffar baki da yanayin wurin lemu mai canzawa ne sosai a cikin yara da manya a wurare daban-daban. Tsuntsayen ba sa haɗuwa da ruwa sosai, kodayake suna iyo kuma suna nitso sosai.
Suna tafiya da kyau a ƙasa. Idan akwai haɗari, ba sa ɓoyewa, amma suna gudu. Da yawa tsuntsayen Gabashin Siberia, ciki har da wake wake, ya fi son kwarin kogin kwari, ganshin fadama, tabkuna.
Tushen abinci mai gina jiki shine abincin shuka: berries, ganye. Yayin tashin jirgi, ana ciyar dasu akan filayen hatsi da shinkafa.
Tsuntsayen fadama
Akwai wadatattun wurare a cikin Siberia waɗanda mutane ba za su iya shiga ba. Fadama mai cike da rufin asiri yana daya daga cikinsu.Keɓaɓɓun shimfidar wurare tare da yawan zafin jiki sun zama mazauni ga yawancin tsuntsayen da suka dace da muhalli mai ban mamaki.
Babban haushi
Girman ruwan zuma. Tsuntsun yana da launin ruwan kasa-ja-kasa-kasa mai launuka da yawa, a tsaye kuma masu wucewa. Yana zaune cikin gabar ruwa mai zurfin ruwa tare da sarƙaƙƙen ciyawa da reeds. Tsuntsun yana gida a cikin ciyawa masu tsayi da ba za a iya tafiya ba
Babban ɗacin abinci yana cin abincin da ke cikin ruwa, kifi, amphibians. Ana iya jin murya daga nisan kilomita 2-3. An yi kuka mai ƙarfi kamar rurin sa. Tsuntsu yana yin sauti ta cikin bututun ciki, wanda yake aiki azaman resonator.
Marsh harrier
Girman wata yana kusa da girman hankaka. Lilin na wutsiya, fuka-fuki, kai yana da launin toka, sauran yankuna baƙi ne. Yana ciyar da ƙananan ƙananan invertebrates. Mazaunin fadama yana faruwa daga watan Afrilu zuwa Oktoba.
Babban shawl
Girman tsuntsu ya kai kurciya, ya fi girma girma. Launi launin ruwan kasa ne ja. Mazaunin tarin Lake na Baikal. Bakin baka da ƙafafu dogo ne, an daidaita su don yin aiki cikin bogs kuma don kama ƙananan invertebrates. Yana gina gida daga tushe mai kauri tare da shimfidar ciyawa mai ciyawa.
Gwanin launin toka
Girman tsuntsayen ya fi na goose girma. Lilin jikin jikin launin toka ne, fikafikan jirgin baƙi ne. Kashe mafi yawan lokaci a wuraren fadama, amma nests a wuraren busassun. Cikakken abinci a cikin abinci: abincin shuke-shuke ya fi yawa, amma tsuntsun yana kama kifi da masu jujjuyawar rani.
Tsuntsayen da ke zaune a Siberiasuna da bambanci sosai. Suna zaune kusan dukkanin yankuna na sararin samaniya. Rawar tsuntsaye da yawa na da matukar mahimmanci wajen kiyaye daidaiton muhallin halittu.
