A shekara ta arba'in, karnin da ya gabata, masanin burbushin halittu kuma masanin halitta Peter Wilhelm Lund ya fara bayanin sa hakoki saber. A cikin wa) annan shekarun, a lokacin da aka haƙa rami a cikin (asar Brazil, ya gano ragowar farko na murmushi.
Daga baya, an samo kasusuwan wadannan dabbobi a cikin wani tabki a California, inda suka zo shan ruwa. Tunda tabkin mai ne, sauran man kuma koyaushe suna kwarara zuwa farfajiyar, dabbobin galibi suna makalewa da ƙafafunsu cikin wannan silar kuma sun mutu.
Bayani da fasalulluka na saber-haƙori
Sunan saber-mai haƙori a cikin fassarar daga Latin da tsoffin Girkanci sauti kamar "wuƙa" da "haƙori", ƙari dabbobi saber damisa ake kira da murmushi. Suna cikin dangin saber-hakori, irin na Mahayroda.
Shekaru miliyan biyu da suka gabata, waɗannan dabbobin sun zauna a ƙasashen Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka, Turai, Afirka da Asiya. Sabisa-damisa rayu a cikin lokaci daga farkon zamanin Pleistocene zuwa ƙarshen Zamanin kankara.
Kuliyoyin Saber, ko murmushi mai girman girman damisa mai girma, kilogram 300-400. Tsayinsu yakai mita ɗaya a bushe, kuma tsawon mita ɗaya da rabi ga dukkan jiki.
Masana tarihi masana kimiyya suna da'awar cewa murmushi mai launin shuɗi mai haske, mai yuwuwa da damuna masu damisa a baya. Koyaya, tsakanin waɗannan masana kimiyya akwai muhawara game da yiwuwar wanzuwar zabiya, hakoki saber fari launuka.
Legsafafunsu gajere ne, na gaba sun fi na ƙafafun baya girma sosai. Wataƙila yanayi ya halicce su ta yadda, a lokacin farauta, mai farauta, bayan ya kama ganima, tare da taimakon ƙafafun gabanta, zai iya matsa shi da ƙarfi a ƙasa, sannan kuma ya shake shi da hammatarsa.
A Intanet akwai su da yawa hotuna hakoki saber, wanda ke nuna wasu bambance-bambance daga dangin kuli, suna da ƙarfin jiki da gajeren jela.
Tsawon canines nasa, gami da tushen haƙoran kansu, yakai santimita talatin. Angunƙararta suna da kamannin mazugi, an nuna shi a ƙarshen kuma ɗan lankwasa a ciki, kuma gefen ciki yana kama da ruwan wuka.
Idan bakin dabbar a rufe yake, to karshen hakoransa suna taho da kasa da matakin haci. Bambancin wannan mai farautar shi ne cewa ya bude bakinsa ba kamar yadda ya saba ba, ya ninka na zakin da kansa, domin cusa hakoran saber cikin jikin wanda aka azabtar da karfi.
Wurin zama na damisa
Da yake zaune a cikin nahiyar Amurka, saber masu haƙori-haƙori sun fi son wuraren buɗewa don rayuwa da farauta waɗanda ba su da ciyayi. Akwai karancin bayani game da yadda wadannan dabbobi suka rayu.
Wasu masana ilimin halitta suna ba da shawarar cewa Smilodons sun kaɗaita. Wasu kuma suna jayayya cewa idan sun zauna cikin rukuni-rukuni, to waɗannan garken garken ne inda maza da mata, ciki har da offspringa offspringan yara, suka rayu a cikin adadi ɗaya. Kowane mutum na namiji da mace masu cizon haƙora ba su da bambanci a cikin girma, kawai bambanci tsakanin su shi ne gajeren motsin maza.
Gina Jiki
Game da damisa Sananne ne cewa sun ci abincin dabbobi kawai - mastodons, bison, dawakai, dabbobin daji, barewa, da zagaye. Hakanan, damisa masu hakora suna farautar samari, har yanzu basu balaga ba. Masana burbushin halittu sun yarda cewa a neman abinci basuyi kyamar gawa ba.
Mai yiwuwa, waɗannan masu farautar sun tafi farauta cikin fakiti, mata sun fi mafarauta fiye da maza kuma koyaushe suna kan gaba. Bayan sun kama abin farauta, sai suka kashe shi, suna dannawa da rarraba jijiyar karoid tare da kaifi.
Wanda hakan ya sake tabbatar da kasancewarsu ga dangin kuli. Bayan haka, kamar yadda kuka sani, kuliyoyi suna makure wanda aka kama da su. Ba kamar zakoki da sauran masu farauta ba, waɗanda, bayan sun kama, sun wargaza dabbar da ba ta da kyau.
Amma, damisa masu haƙori ba su ne kawai mafarauta a ƙasashen da ake zaune ba, kuma suna da manyan masu fafatawa. Misali, a Kudancin Amurka - tsuntsaye masu farauta fororakos suna gasa tare da su da girman giwa, manyan gangaren zazzabin megatheria, wadanda kuma ba sa kyamar cin abinci daga lokaci zuwa lokaci.
A cikin sassan arewacin nahiyar ta Amurka, akwai abokan hamayya da yawa. Wannan zaki ne na kogo, babban beyar mai gajeriyar fuska, da kyarkeci da kuma wasu da yawa.
Dalilin gushewar saber-hakori
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, bayanai sun bayyana a shafukan mujallu na kimiyya lokaci zuwa lokaci cewa mazauna wata kabila sun ga dabbobi wadanda aka bayyana su da kama da damisa masu hakori. Aborigines sun ma ba su suna - zakunan dutse. Amma babu wani tabbaci a hukumance cewa hakoki saber mai rai.
Babban dalilin bacewar saber-hakori shine canza ciyayin arctic. Babban mai bincike a fannin ilimin halittar jini, Farfesa na Jami’ar Copenhagen E. Villerslev da gungun masana kimiyya daga kasashe goma sha shida sun yi nazarin kwayar halittar DNA da aka samo daga tsohuwar dabbar da aka adana a cikin kankara.
Daga ciki ne suka yanke shawara kamar haka: ganyayen da dawakai, dawakai da sauran ciyawar da ke cin su a wancan lokacin suna da wadatar furotin. Tare da farkon Zamanin kankara, dukkan ciyayi sunyi sanyi.
Bayan narkewar, ciyawar da ciyawar da ciyayi sun sake zama kore, amma darajar abinci mai kyau na sabbin ganyayyaki ya canza, abin da ya ƙunsa bai ƙunshi adadin furotin da ake buƙata ba kwata-kwata. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa duk artiodactyls suka mutu da sauri. Kuma wasu jerin damisa na saber masu hakora suna cin su, kuma kawai sun kasance ba tare da abinci ba, shi yasa suka mutu da yunwa.
A zamaninmu na babbar fasaha, tare da taimakon kayan zane na kwamfuta, zaka iya dawo da komai kuma ka koma ƙarni da yawa. Sabili da haka, a cikin gidajen tarihi na tarihi waɗanda aka keɓe ga tsoffin dabbobi da suka shuɗe, akwai zane mai yawa hotuna tare da hoto haƙorin haƙora damisahakan zai bamu damar sanin wadannan dabbobi yadda ya kamata.
Zai yiwu a lokacin ne zamu yaba, kauna da kare yanayi kumahaƙorin haƙora damisa, da sauran dabbobi da yawa ba za a saka su a cikin shafukan ba Ja littattafai azaman dadadden jinsin.
