Karnuka basa yin biyayya ga ilhami ko tunani koyaushe. Lokaci-lokaci dole ne su nuna hankalinsu, tunani. Wasu suna yin sa da kyau, wasu kuma sun fi muni. Mai wayo mafi ƙanƙanci - Waɗannan su ne waɗanda suka ce game da su sun fahimci komai, amma ba za su iya faɗi ba. Dabbobi suna nuna halaye masu ma'ana a cikin yanayin da ba zato ba tsammani. Suna da wayewa.
Can baya a karnin da ya gabata, Stanley Koren, masanin kimiyya kuma farfesa daga Kanada, ya zaba karnuka ta hanyar hankali. Ya dogara ne akan bayanan da aka samo daga masu kula da kare, masu horo, masu koyar da kare. Ba kowa yana tsammanin wannan daidai bane, amma wannan shine sanannen jerin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwayoyi.
Iyaka Collie
Masu horarwa gabaɗaya sun ce wannan mafi kyawun kare a duniya... Nau'in yana da wadataccen tarihi. Tun karni na 16, karnuka suka yi aiki, suka yawaita, suka inganta a yankunan da ke arewacin Ingila, a Scotland. Anan suka shiga cikin rayuwar karkara: suna kiwon garken tumaki, suna kiyaye dukiyar mai su.
Karnuka ba su da girma sosai, suna girma har zuwa 50 cm, suna da nauyin kilogram 20. A cikin girma da hankali, zasu iya ba da kansu ga rayuwa tsakanin kabad da sofas. Amma, kamar kowane baiwa, suna buƙatar kulawa ta gaskiya. Baya ga ta'aziyya, suna buƙatar motsi, horo koyaushe, motsa jiki masu motsa jiki. Suna buƙatar taƙaita tsokoki da ƙwaƙwalwar su. In ba haka ba, za su yi gundura, su fara ɓarnatar da dukiya, suna tunatar da su wanzuwar su.
Poodle
Wannan nau'in ya samo asali ne daga Tsakiyar Turai. Tuni a cikin karni na 15, poodles sun shiga fadojin masarauta da kuma gidajen sarauta. Talakawa ba sa iya mallakar waɗannan karnukan. Bayan lokaci, yanayin ya canza, poodles masu aikin farauta, faɗaɗa kewayon amfani. Har ma sun yi aikin soja.
Wannan nau'in, albarkacin tarihinsa mai tarin yawa, ya ba da rassa 4, ya bambanta da ci gaba. Wannan gidan sarauta ne, ƙarami, dwarf, poodle na abin wasa. Poodles - karnuka wayayyun, hoto na kowa. Babu tsayi ko sutura da ke shafar kyaututtukan waɗannan karnukan. Duk iri suna da matukar iyawa.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an fara kiyaye su a matsayin dabbobi na ado na musamman. Tunani ya koma baya, bayyanar karnukan ya zama mai mahimmanci. Bugu da ƙari, ulu na poodles yana ba ku damar fahimtar ƙididdigar baƙi na masu mallaka da ango. A sakamakon haka, poodles su ne mafi kyawun mahalarta a cikin nune-nunen da wasannin kwaikwayo.
Makiyayin Jamusanci
Ranar haihuwar jinsi sananne ne - shine Agusta 1882. A cikin Lower Saxony, a Hanover, an nuna kare namiji a wurin wasan kwaikwayon. Bayan haka, an rubuta sunan laƙabirsa - Greif - a layin farko na Littafin Makaranta na Makaranta na Jamusanci. Bayan da ya shagala da asalin garken makiyaya da yawa, da garken garken tumaki, makiyayin Bajamushe ya zama mai kula da aji na farko da kuma mai kwazo.
Nau'in ya hada da nau'ikan guda biyu: masu gajeren gashi da masu dogon gashi. Dukansu nau'ikan an bayyana su ta daidaitattun daidaito. Baya ga murfin, babu abin da ya bambanta su. Karnuka suna da horo sosai. Canjin mai koyarwa, jagora ana tsinkayersa ba tare da damuwa ba. Wannan yana da tasiri mai amfani akan aikin sojojin sabis ko ayyukan 'yan sanda.
Sunayen wayayyun karnuka galibi suna ɗauke da kalmar "makiyayi", Jamusanci shine mafi kyawun su. Ana tabbatar da wannan ba kawai ta hanyar gabatar da takardu masu tabbatar da asalin kare ba. Akwai ƙa'idodi da yawa, gwaje-gwajen ƙasa da ƙasa, a cikin aiwatar da abin da aka tabbatar da asalin asalin a aikace.
Golden retriever
Masana ilimin kimiyyar kimiyyar ƙasa sun lura cewa dabbobin da ba su da asali sosai ana ɗauke su da wayo. Wadannan sun hada da Golden Retriever. Labarun game da asalin nau'in ya dogara ne da almara. Amma ba ta fi shekara 150 ba. An yarda da nau'in a hukumance a cikin 1913. Karen zinare na farko mai tsarki ya isa Rasha a cikin 1989.
Entanshi, ƙwaƙwalwa, hanzari, da sauran halaye irin na ba abin yabo ba ne. Ya shiga cikin ruwa ba tare da tsoro ba, yayi iyo sosai. Hankali, ni'ima, zaman lafiya ya mai da maharban abokin zama mai hankali. Sau da yawa, Retan ragon zinare ya zama mai ceton rai, jagora.
Sheltie
A tsibirin Shetland, kananan garken tumaki suna kiwon tumaki. A cikin karni na 19, manyan karnukan kiwo suka maye gurbinsu. Nau'in, wanda ya sami sunan "Sheltie" bisa ƙa'ida ya kasance makiyayi, amma a zahiri ya koma cikin gidaje da gidaje, ya zama aboki.
Sheltie tana kama da ƙaramin kwafin Doan Makiyayan Makiyayan Scottish. Ba ya girma fiye da cm 37. Kare mai wahala, dogon gashi. An gina shi cikakke. An haɗu da ƙarancin tunani tare da ladabi, sarauta. Wadannan halaye suna da daraja koda a cikin karnuka.
Labrador Mai cin gajiyar aiki
An gabatar da nau'in ga duniya ta tsibirin Kanada na Newfoundland. A cikin karni na 19, Labradors ya bayyana a Biritaniya. A farkon karnin da ya gabata, an kirkiro da yanayin asali. Wadannan dabbobin sun isa cikin USSR ne kawai a cikin 1960. Tun daga wannan lokacin, a cikin ƙasarmu ta ɗauki matsayin ɗayan dabbobin da ake buƙata.
Kare kare farauta, da nufin ganowa da isar da wasan harbi ga mafarautan. Da wannan, Labrador ya jure daidai. Ya kasance mafarauci mai son aiki, yana aiki tare da sha'awa, yana nuna juriya da haƙuri. Amma Labradors ba ƙarancin abokai bane, jagorori, masu ceto. Masu dawo da Zinare da Labradors sune mafi wayo da amintaccen kare.
Papillon
Wannan nau'in spaniel ne na kayan wasa na asali. Countriesasashe biyu - Faransa da Beljium - suna gasa don zama ƙasashen waɗannan karnukan. Tsaye, manyan auricles sun ba da sunan ga nau'in - papillon. Wanda aka fassara shi da "malam buɗe ido". Consideredananan karnuka a al'adance ana ɗaukansu ba masu wayo ba.
Wannan nau'in yana daga cikin wayayyu. Matsakaicin nauyin dabba daga 2 zuwa 3.5 kilogiram. Tsawo a cikin kewayon 21 - 25 cm. parfin gida na ciki mai kare da kyawawan kayan ado. An fi dacewa don goge doguwar riga.
Wannan nau'in a cikin tsarin horo ya tabbatar da cewa Papillon - theananan dogsan karnuka... Tabbatar da sahihancinta ta hanyar cin nasarar gasawar biyayya ga kare - mizanin horo, kulawa da hankali, wanda FCI ta amince dashi.
Doberman
An haɓaka ingantattun nau'in sabis da yawa a cikin Jamus. Doberman na ɗaya daga cikinsu. Kimanin shekaru 150 da suka wuce, Bajamushe mai kiwon Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann a cikin Grand Duchy na Saxony a cikin garin Apolda ya kammala aikin kiwo a kan wani sabon nau'in. Da farko, ana kiran jinsi da Thuringian Pinscher.
Karnuka suna da tsayi sosai (har zuwa 72 cm), amma basu da nauyi (35-40 kg). Guntun gashi ya jaddada ɗaukaka da muscularity na jiki. Tsaro da kyawawan halaye ba su da kyau. A mafi girman matakin karnuka masu kamshi da kamshi, suna sanya su zubar da jini na farko. Wadannan halayen kirki suna ninka su ta hanyar babban hankali, sakamakon haka, Doberman shine ɗayan mafi kyawun ƙirar da ke yiwa mutane hidima.
Blue warkarwa
Ci gaban noma a Ostiraliya, tuka shanu a nesa mai nisa ya haifar da karnukan shanu - shuɗi ko masu warkarwa na Australiya shekaru 150 da suka gabata. Masu warkarwa suna da wasu sunaye: Australiya Bouvier, Kettle Dog. Kare tare da ƙasusuwa masu haske da gajeren gashi.
Tare da matsakaita girman (tsawo har zuwa 50 cm), yana samun kawai 20 kilogiram. Irin wannan sakamakon sakamakon ƙetare rikice-rikice tare da karnukan dingo na gida. Daga baya, an kara kwayoyin halittar Dalmatians da Kelpies. A matasan ya juya ya zama mai matukar nasara. Karnuka masu hanzari ne, masu aiki tuƙuru tare da ɗabi'a mara kyau.
Rariya
Kasancewar Rottweiler a cikin jerin karnukan da suka fi hankali ba abu ne da za a iya musantawa ba. Babu wanda ya raina sadaukarwar Rottweiler, da yardar sa don yin hidima, suna jayayya game da ikon iyawa. Musamman, sanannen abu ne cewa kare ba shi da sauƙin horo.
Dogarfin yana da ƙarfi, wanda tsayinsa ya kai kimanin cm 63, yana iya yin nauyi ƙasa da kilogram 50. Dabba yana da wuya, yana aiki tare da sha'awa, sha'awa. Baya ga ƙarfin jiki, yana nuna ƙarfin hali, kare mutum ko dukiya na iya zuwa ƙarshen. An ɗaure shi da mutum ɗaya, yana fuskantar raɗaɗin fuskantar canjin mai shi.
Makiyayin Ostiraliya
Sunan amfani na biyu na jinsi shine Aussia. Bred a Amurka a cikin karni na 19. Ko da tare da gwaji na sama, ana tsammani cewa collie jini yana gudana a jijiyoyinta. Bugu da kari, Basque Shepherd Dogs da Bernese Mountain Dogs sun kasance asalin asalin.
A matasan ya juya ya yi nasara. Yana auna nauyin 21-30, karen ya kai cm 44-55. Mai saurin motsi, mai saurin fahimta. Rayuwa a cikin gida na iya zama mata gwaji mai wahala.
Kurzhaar
Nau'in Jamusanci, galibi ana kiransa da Dogon Gwanin Gajere na Jamusanci. A cikin karni na 19, farauta ta samu ga mafi yawan bangarorin jama'a. An yi roƙo don karnin bindiga. A cikin 1872, an haifi Hector I - kare wanda ya cika duk buƙatun. An dauke shi a matsayin uba ga dukkan Kurzhaars. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, nau'in ya bazu ko'ina cikin Jamus da ko'ina cikin Turai.
Kurzhaars suna da nauyi fiye da kilogiram 30, sun girma har zuwa 60-65 cm. Gajerar gashi kusa da jiki baya ɓoye siririn da muscular na kare. Kare yana da wahala, yana aiki, rashin murfin dumi ba ya tsoma baki tare da farauta a yanayin zafi mara kyau. Propertiesananan kaddarorin aiki, kwanciyar hankali, ƙwarewar ƙwarewar ilmantarwa ya sanya ɗan gajeren bayani ya zama ɗayan mafi kyawun mafarautan duniya.
Bouvier
An fassara sunan nau'in Bouvier Flanders daga Faransanci a matsayin "makiyayin shanu daga Flanders." Na dogon lokaci, ana nome Bouviers ne kawai a yankin Beljiyam. Sufaye ne suka karbe shi daga Ter Duinen Abbey. Daga ganuwar gidan sufi, karen ya koma gonakin manoma. Tana zaune a gonaki, tana kiwo garken dabbobi, tana kare dukiyoyi, tana kula da nata da wasu, tana jan amalanke da kaya.
A karnin da ya gabata, saboda yake-yake, nau'in ya kusan bacewa. Yanzu dawo da, fi jerin smartest babban kare... Bouvier na iya auna nauyin kilogiram 50, yayi girma har zuwa cm 70. Karen na da girma, saboda dogon shaggy gashi kamar ma ya fi girma. Babu wani wawanci, ruɗuwa ko jin ƙyalli a ciki.
Cin hanci
A cikin karni na XIV, bayanin kare ya bayyana a rubutattun hanyoyin. Ba da daɗewa ba, an haifi wani labari cewa ɗayan Briards ya bayyana a kotu, yana zargin wani Robert Maker da kisan maigidansa. Wannan nau'in ya zama sananne bayan baje kolin a Paris a 1863. An tsara ma'aunin farko a cikin 1897. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Farko, kusan ya ɓace.
Ba a tsara nauyin kare ta ƙa'idodi ba, yana iya yin girma har zuwa 60-68 cm. An rufe dabba da dogon gashi, an ba da launi mafi yawan launuka. Kare yana da fara'a, mai wasa, mai saurin hankali da horo sosai. Saboda tsananin girman, kiyayewa a cikin ɗakin ba shi yiwuwa.
Ba'amurke mai kula da jirgin sama
An haɓaka nau'in a cikin Amurka. Kakanninta a Ingila da Ireland sun kasance masu halartar yakin kare. Tare da baƙi a cikin karni na XIV, sun isa cikin Jihohin. A farkon aikin kiwo, sun kasance ba su da banbanci daga maharan ramin bijimi, sun kasance nau'ikan tare da su - Ba'amurke > Pit Bull Terrier .
A 1936, Ba'amurke Staffordshire Terriers, ko, kamar yadda aka taƙaita su kamar yadda ake kiran su, Amstaffs, an amince da su azaman ƙirar mai zaman kanta. Karin maganar "Staffordshire" tana nufin asalin karnukan da suka kafa asalin - Staffordshire.
Amstafs matsakaita ne (har zuwa 48 cm), karnuka masu gajeren gashi. Stocky, mai iko, ainihin mayaƙa. Sun auna kimanin kilo 30. Dabbobin babu shakka suna da hankali, amma tare da mawuyacin hali. Kasancewa daga ƙuruciya a cikin iyali, tsakanin mutane, ya sa kare ya zama mai aminci, mai aminci.
Welsh corgi
Wannan nau'in ya samo asali ne a tsakiyar zamanai a Wales. Karnuka suna da tsawo a ginawa, gajere - har zuwa 30 cm a tsayi. Duk da dai yadda ya kamata, bai dace da gudanar da aikin kiwo ba, - gajerun kafafu, da dan karamin jiki - Welsh Corgi da gwanintar jurewa yadda ake sarrafa manyan garken dabbobi.
Kwanan nan, daga shuke-shuke farmsteads mun koma birni. Yanayin fara'a, da iya mu'amala da mutane da sauran dabbobi yasa karnukan suka zama masu aiki a fagen abota. Hankali, haƙuri da yarda sun ba karnuka damar yin wani abu mai rikitarwa kamar maganin canistherapy.
Aturearamar schnauzer
Da zarar akwai wani nau'in schnauzer. Yanzu ana kiran sa mittel schnauzer (tsakiyar schnauzer). Kimanin shekaru 120 da suka gabata, masu kiwo sun yi kirar Giant Schnauzer da Miniature Schnauzer. Na farkon sune mafi girma, na karshen sune mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin rukunin ƙungiyar karnukan sabis masu girma - schnauzers.
Inananan girma (har zuwa 35 cm a tsayi), atureananan Schnauzers karnuka ne da ke da iko da dama na sabis. Kyakkyawan gani da ji, kyakkyawan ƙamshi, haɗe tare da ɗabi'a mai ƙarfi da kuma saurin koyo, yana ba da damar amfani da karnuka a kowane fanni: makiyayi, mai kama da bera, mai tsaro, jami'in bincike, abokin.
Turanci Springer Spaniel
Nau'in ya taɓa haɗuwa tare da sauran spaniels kuma bai kasance mai zaman kansa ba. Bayan an ware su a cikin 1902 a matsayin masu zaman kansu, masu shayarwa sun fara haɓaka abubuwan da ke cikin Turanci Springer Spaniel. Kowane ɗayan nau'in spaniel yana jagorancin wasan girman da ya dace.
Ingilishi Springer Spaniels suna girma zuwa 51 cm kuma suna da nauyin kilo 20. Rigunan suna da tsayi, masu taushi ga taɓawa, suna manne a jiki. Kunnuwa shine katin kira na duk spaniels. An yi imanin cewa Springasar Spaniels ta Ingilishi sun zama waɗanda suka kafa wasu jinsunan, a cikin sunan su akwai kalmar "spaniel".
Rumananci
Mafi qarancin duka Spitz. Wannan nau'in ya yi sa'a: tun daga ƙarni na 18, karnuka daga Pomerania sun sami tagomashi daga manyan mutane da manyan mutane. Sarauniya Victoria ta mallaki yawancin mutanen Pomerania. Daga wannan, shahararrun nau'in ya karu sau da yawa. Ba a kawai samu a cikin ɗakunan sarauta ba, amma kuma a ciki manyan wayayyun karen kare.
Masu kiwo sun fahimci nasarar irin kuma sun yi aiki tuƙuru don rage girman karnukan. A lokacin zamanin Victoria, an rage girman Spitz da rabi. A wannan zamani namu, cigaban Spitz na Pomeranian baya wuce cm 18 zuwa 22. Aikin karnukan da ke da laka da kuma gashin kai mai tsawo shi ne ƙara rayuwar mutane iri-iri. Pomeranian Spitz karnuka ne masu ado waɗanda duk da haka suna da kyakkyawar ƙwaƙwalwa da saurin hikima.
Mittel schnauzer
Nau'in ya haɓaka a Jamus. A tsakiyar zamanai, an noma shi a Württemberg da Bavaria a matsayin garken kiwo da nau'in aiki. Ya shahara sosai. Hotunan mittelschnauzers sun bayyana a cikin ayyukan Albrecht Durer, a wuraren kauye a zane-zanen Rembrandt, da sauransu.
The Standard Schnauzer shine sunan na biyu don nau'in. Kare yakai kimanin kilo 20, yayi girma har zuwa cm 50. Gashi mai kauri tare da incoat mai inganci ta rufe dukkan jiki. Nauyi, girare masu bushewa suna ba kare kare mai tsanani. Za a iya bayyana kare a matsayin mai kwazo da himma.
