An san darajar madarar akuya tun da daɗewa. Yana dauke da sinadarai na bitamin daban-daban da wasu abubuwa masu mahimmanci, ana ba da shawarar a sha shi ga mata yayin shayarwa, don kar a rage inganci da yawan ruwan nono.
Amma akuya tana bayar da kusan sau hudu na madara a kowace madara da ta samar da saniya, kuma nonon akuya ya fi daraja, don haka ya fi wahala saya. Awakin awaki sun kasu kashi biyu, nama, nama da kiwo. Koyaya, mafi mahimmanci da ƙimshi shine madarar da aka samo daga awakin kiwo.
Aya daga cikin fa'idodin waɗannan awakin shine rashin ƙanshi a cikin madara, don haka da yawa manoma musamman suna kiyayewa awakin kiwo a farfajiyar sa. Babban irin waɗannan nau'in za'a tattauna a ƙasa.
Yadda zaka zabi akuyar kiwo a gonarka
Dabbobin kiwo ne masu kiwo suka kiwata don su girma a wasu yankuna tare da yanayin yanayi na halaye, don haka kafin siyan wannan dabbobin gidan, ya kamata ku tambayi mai siyarwa idan wannan dabbar za ta iya rayuwa a wani yanki, shin za ta jure mawuyacin lokacin sanyi ko lokacin zafi mai zafi Yanayin yana shafar tasirin madara na awaki, da kuma ingancin madara.
Bai kamata ku kori irin waɗannan dabbobin na ƙetare ba - yana yiwuwa abu ne mai yiwuwa a cikin sabon yanki don akuya, zai ɗauki dogon lokaci kafin a saba da mazaunin da kuma abincin.
Zai fi kyau a sayi awakin kiwo na gida, wanda daga tsara zuwa tsara suke rayuwa a wuri ɗaya, sun saba da abincin "kore" na gari, a duk tsawon lokacin bazara ana korarsu don ciyar da makiyaya, suna ajiyar sayan kayan abinci na fili. Kuma don lokacin hunturu, masu mallakar himma koyaushe suna iya yanka da bushe isasshen ciyawa don abubuwan da suka fi son kiwo.
Sharudda domin zabar akuyar kiwo
Masana sun koma ga manyan ka'idoji don zabar akuya mai yawan amfanin ƙasa:
- siffar nono (da kuma yanayinsa);
- rabo daga girman baya, ƙashin ƙugu, kirji;
- daidaitaccen matsayi na gabar jiki.
Masana sun ba da shawarar a mai da hankali ga halaye masu zuwa na mutane masu saurin bada himma:
- shin sassan gaba da na baya na jikin su daya - wannan na daya daga cikin manyan alamomin da ke nuna cewa dabbar ta kware sosai, amma mai yiyuwa ne ba shine ya haifar da yawan nono ba;
- Har ila yau, kuna buƙatar bincika nonon akuya a hankali. Ba lallai ba ne a rarrabe sassansa biyu sosai. Siffar nono na mace mai shayarwa mai siffa ce mai pear ko zagaye, nono da kansa yana da girma, yana da girma. Lokacin bugawa, kada a sami hatimi a ciki. Nono rataya alama ce mara kyau, irin wannan akuyar za ta sami ƙarancin nono;
- girman nonuwan yana kusa da matsakaici, ya kamata su tsaya a wurare daban-daban;
- fatar nono na roba ne, ba a rufe shi da ulu.
Yana da mahimmanci kada ka takaita kanka ga duban gani na wannan dabba a lokacin hutawa - kana buƙatar kallon nono yayin dabbar tana motsi. A cikin akuya mai kiwo, ba ya dangana ga bugun matakai kuma baya rataya.
A kiwo akuya kiwo gashi bai kamata ya yi tsayi ba - to ya fi sauƙi a kula da su. Shekarun da dabba ta samu, shekarunsa za su faɗi. A cikin shekara ɗaya da rabi na awaki, ɓarkewar ciki ba ta girma ba, a hankali ana maye gurbin haƙoran madara da molars da shekara biyu.
Bayan tunkiyar farko, akuya har yanzu ba ta bayar da madara mai kyau ba; tana fara yin nono bayan haihuwar zuriya ta biyu. Bayan shekara shida, yawan adadin ruwan madara ya fara raguwa.
Saanen awaki
Awakin Zaanen sune masu samar da madara mafi daɗi kuma mai tamani, kuma dangane da yawan noman madara, sun kasance farkon a cikin dukkan nau'in kiwo. Ana iya kiran shi a amincenau'in kiwo na awaki... Tsayin awaki a busasshen shine cm 94, awaki - cm 77, ƙarar jiki - daga 80 zuwa 84 cm. Jikin jiki a cikin dabbobin manya zai iya kaiwa kilo 95-98.
Tare da kulawa mai kyau da zaɓaɓɓen abincin da aka zaɓa, mace ɗaya daga wannan nau'in za ta iya ciyarwa har zuwa lita 750 a kowace shekara. madara, da awaki na rakodawa na iya bada sama da lita 1100. madara mai inganci mai dauke da mai mai kusan 3.9%, kuma lokacin shayarwa zai iya kaiwa watanni 10.5-11.
Tsarin asali na asali:
- launi na gashi yana da fari, a ƙasashen Turai cream zaanens kuma ana kiwo, amma ba a same su a Rasha ba;
- girman kirji da baya ya fi matsakaita;
- ƙahonin ƙananan ne, saboda wannan nau'in ba shi da ƙaho;
- gabar jiki - m, kafa;
- canza launi daga cikin kogon bakin - pinkish;
- gashi ne takaice;
- jiki yana tsayi, baya baya madaidaiciya;
- m muzzle;
- wuyansa mai girma
Rashin dacewar wannan nau'in sun hada da:
- dogaro da samarwar madara kan kulawa da abinci;
- a cikin kasarmu yana da wuya a sayi awakin bishiyar irin wannan.
Toggenburg awaki
Abubuwan halayyar wadannan akuya: jiki mai karfin gaske, launin gashi - launin toka-toka mai launin kasa-kasa, farin riga gaba a kirji. Masu kiwo na Switzerland ne suka yi kiwon irin.
Wani fasalin halayyar wadannan dabbobi shine gajerensu - a lokacin da suka bushe sai su girma zuwa 68-69 cm, kuma nauyin manya yakai kimanin kilogiram 58, a mata - bai wuce kilogiram 42 ba.
A kan bakin bakin awaki akwai rabe-raben halayyar fararen launi. Dangane da daidaitaccen nau'in, fararen faci na iya kasancewa a kusa da hanci, kunnuwa, gabar jiki da na baya suma galibi fari ne a launi. Gashi mai laushi ne ga taɓawa, gajere a jiki, amma a bayanta da ƙafafun sama ya girma har zuwa 13-14 cm.
Neckaƙƙarƙƙarfan wuya mai tsayi a hankali yana haɗuwa a cikin madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya a baya, gabobin hannu sun fi girma girma fiye da matsakaita.
Nono na mata na wannan nau'in yana da girma, an zagaye shi. Daga akuya daya lokacin shayarwa, ana samun lita 1000. madara mai mai. Ana shan akuya na tsawon watanni 8-8.5.
Godiya ga dumi, mai ulu mai tsawo, ana iya kiyaye waɗannan awakin a cikin yanayin Siberia da Gabas mai nisa, amma ana iya kiyaye su a can ne kawai a lokacin bazara a cikin keɓaɓɓun wuraren.
Dabbobin Nubian Halin halayyar waɗannan awakin shine son sani. Ofasar waɗannan dabbobi ita ce Burtaniya.
Ofaya daga cikin mahimman halayen waɗannan dabbobin shine dogaro kai tsaye ga haɓakar madara kan yanayin kiyayewa da kuma cin abinci. Tare da kulawa mara kyau, noman madara na Nubians ya ragu sosai.
Abun mai mai na madara irin waɗannan awakin yana da girma ƙwarai - sama da 4.4%, kuma adadin sunadarai ya wuce 3.6%.
Madara mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano ba shi da ƙamshi na asali, kuma su kansu Nubians ba su da halin "ƙanshi" na nau'in akuya da yawa. Tsayin waɗannan dabbobin gida a bushe ya wuce 73 cm, dabba babba na iya ɗaukar nauyi fiye da 75 kg.
Matsakaiciyar launin gashi hadaddiyar baƙar fata, ruwan kasa, ja da fari. Adadin madara a cikin mata na wannan nau'in ya yi ƙasa da na zaanen, amma yawan mai mai ya fi girma. Babban mawuyacin yanayin shine babban motsi da ƙoshin lafiya. Yaran yara suna da ƙarfi musamman, saboda haka ƙahoninsu galibi ana ƙonewa.
Wadannan dabbobin suna da halin tashin hankali, don haka dole ne masu su kula da garken Nubian. Saboda haka, waɗannan dabbobin suna fara "ilimantarwa" tun suna yara, in ba haka ba zai yi matukar wahala a iya jimre wa waɗannan mutane a lokacin da suka girma.
Rasha irin
Awaki na wannan nau'in Rashanci ne na asali, galibi ana iya ganinsu a cikin zane-zane don tatsuniyoyin mutanen Rasha - fararen dogon gashi, dogon ruwa, da kuma kaho masu lankwasa.
Yawan amfanin madara a cikin kiwo na mata yana da girma - har zuwa lita 620 a shekara. Ingancin madara yana da yawa, kuma mai mai zai iya bambanta tsakanin 4.3-4.4%. Lokacin shayarwa yawanci kusan watanni 7.5 ne.
Wakilan wannan jinsin suna jin daɗi a cikin yanayin ɗabi'ar da kakanninsu suke, ba sa buƙatar yanayi na musamman na tsarewa. Jikin wadannan awakin suna kama da ganga a cikin sifa - fadi, squat, kirji matsakaici ne a girma, kan yana dan tsayi, ya kare da kaho zagaye kadan da kananan kunnuwa masu kusurwa uku.
Adadin manya bai wuce kilogiram 48-49 ba, fata ba ta da kyau, amma tana da ƙarfi, yawanci ana amfani da ita don ƙera kayayyakin fata masu inganci. Kodayake an kawo waɗannan dabbobin zuwa Rasha daga Turai ƙarnuka da yawa da suka gabata, mutane da sauri sun saba saboda rashin dacewar su. Wannan nau'in ne da masana ke ba da shawara don kiwo don sabbin makiyayan.
Alpine kiwo akuya
Babban halayen wadannan awakin, wadanda suke 'yan asalin tsaunin Alps, sune kamar haka:
- tsawo a bushe - 75 cm;
- nauyi - 74-76 kg;
- mace na iya kawo yara 3 a lokaci guda;
- amfanin madara - kimanin lita 900 a shekara;
- lokacin lactation - watanni 9-11;
- abun ciki mai - 3.6-5.4%;
- naman nama yayin yanka - ba kasa da kashi 52% ba.
A farkon karnin da ya gabata, an fitar da awakin wannan nau'in zuwa Arewacin Amurka, inda har yanzu suna da farin jini ga manoma saboda tsananin madara, haihuwa da kuma yawan naman nama yayin yanka.
Launin gashin akuya mai tsayi na iya zama kamar haka:
- launi mai kirji tare da tabo mai duhu wanda yake kusa;
- baki tare da farin kai.
Mafi yawan launukan akuya masu tsayi shine farin kai ko tabo, wuya, kuma jiki yana da launin ruwan kasa (watakila bay). Jiki yana da girma ƙwarai, kan yana da tsayi, wuyansa matsakaici ne a cikin girman.
Gabobin jiki suna da ƙarfi, masu ƙarfi, masu tsoka, abin alfahari na musamman ga irin waɗannan awaki shi ne kofato. An cika su da wani abu na musamman a ciki wanda ke ba da kwalliya ga kofato. Designedasassun kofato masu ƙarfi an tsara su don baiwa waɗannan dabbobi damar hawa tsaunuka cikin lumana.
Halin awakin Alpine mai karfi ne, dangane da wasu dabbobin da galibi suke aikatawa da zafin rai. Wadannan mutane an haife su ne shugabannin, saboda haka, a cikin gidan ajiyar dabbobi, awakin wannan nau'in shugabanni ne bayyananne. Zai fi kyau wadannan dabbobin su sanya wani keɓaɓɓen shinge kuma su ware su da sauran shanu.
Ana iya ajiye nau'in Alpine a cikin keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓu a duk tsawon shekara (bisa ga yanayin sanyin hunturu), suna da ikon yin tafiya ba tare da gajiyawa ba don neman abinci, da hawa zuwa wuraren da ke da wahalar isa. Amma kuna buƙatar kula da yara don kada su yi tuntuɓe a kan duwatsu.
Wannan nau'in na iya farawa ta masu farawa, amma ya kamata a horar dasu, tunda dabbobi suna da taurin kai. Waɗannan awaki ba su da ɗa'a, suna rayuwa da kyau a kowane yanayi, suna saurin amfani da sababbin yanayi.
Dwarf Kamaru Akuya
Idan babu isasshen sarari don kiyaye awaki na yau da kullun kuma ba zai yuwu a adana ciyawar ciyawa mai yawa don hunturu ba, to za ku iya kirar karamin diyar Kamaru. Wadannan dabbobin ba su da yawa, ba sa buƙatar manyan kayan abinci, amma, suna ba da ɗan madara - har zuwa lita 2 a kowace rana.
Saboda haka, bai dace a hayayyafa su ba idan maƙasudin sayar da madara ne, amma wannan adadin na madara ya isa sosai ga dangin mutane 4-5.
A tsayi, waɗannan ƙaramin mutanen sun girma zuwa 48-49 cm, kuma yawan dabbobin da suka manyanta ba zai wuce kilo 22 ba. Kan kawunan wadannan akuya an kawata shi da kahonin da suka lankwasa ta baya, kyakkyawan gemu da kuma kunnuwa masu fadi.
Launin fata na monochromatic ne ko mai tabo, aibobi suna iya zama launuka masu yawa (ja, baƙi, fari). Wutsiyar karama ce kuma a tsaye. Awakin Kamaru ba sa bukatar kulawa ta musamman, suna karba, ba sa bukatar abinci mai yawa. Kuma basa bukatar fili sosai akan barawon.
Awaki na wannan nau'in an daidaita su daidai da zafi da sanyi, cikin nutsuwa suna jure canje-canje kwatsam a cikin yanayin yanayi, amma ba za su iya jure yanayin zafi mai yawa ba. Dwarf awaki suna da babban rigakafi, don haka kusan basu da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka. Wani bushe, yanayi mai zafi shine yafi dacewa da kiyaye su.
Awakin Megrelian
Asalin wannan nau'in awakin shine ƙasan tsaunuka da yankunan Georgia. Akwai wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in Megrelian:
- dutse;
- ƙafa
Girman dutse ya bambanta da girmansa mafi girma: a bushe, haɓakar akuya ta kai 58-59 cm, kuma nauyinta ya kai kilogiram 67-68. A lokacin rani, ana fitar da irin wannan akuyar zuwa wuraren kiwo a yankunan tsaunuka, kuma tare da farkon yanayin sanyi ana sauya su zuwa filayen.
A cikin shekara guda, akuya daya na iya yin madara har zuwa lita 850 na madara, kuma na tsawon watanni shida na shayarwa, har zuwa lita 360 na madara daga mace daya. Kayan mai na wannan samfurin na gina jiki na iya zama zuwa 3.8-3.9%.
Jiki yana da danshi, tsayi, baya da kirji sun fi matsakaita girman. Legafafu madaidaiciya ne, masu ƙarfi, kunnuwa masu matsakaici, an daidaita su. An kawata kan da kahonni masu tsayi, an dan lankwasa ta baya, da kuma gemu mai tsayi.
Yawan haihuwa, noman madara mai kyau, juriya na cuta - duk wadannan kyawawan halaye sun zama dalilin amfani da jinsin Megrelian wajen kiwo dan inganta wasu nau'ikan awaki. Gashi ya zama gajere, mai kauri ga taɓawa. Launi na gashi da fata fara ne ko kuma launin toka mai haske.
Kammalawa
Bakin akuya mai halin kiwo yanzu ana buƙatarsa - ana kiɗarsu a gonaki da yawa. Kuma idan ya fi kyau ga masu kiwon dabbobi su fara da kiwon dabbobi marasa kyau (alal misali, fararen awakin Rashanci), to ƙwararrun manoma za su iya jimrewa da bunsuru da ƙwarewa kamar Zaanen.
