Dabbobin gida daidaita zafin jikin mutum ba tare da la'akari da yanayin muhalli ba. Tsarin yana cin kuzari, amma yana bawa gabobi da tsarin aiki koyaushe tare da dumama mai dadi.
A cikin yanayi akwai da kuma gyarawa. Dabbobin gida ana daukar su sama da su ta fuskar ci gaba, juyin halitta. Poikilotherms suna zafi da sanyi tare da yanayin. Wasu sun lalace ta hanyar hauhawar zafin jiki. Wasu suna rage tafiyar matakai ta hanyar hibernating.
Kwurar ƙasa, alal misali, yin hibernate a cikin ƙasa a yanayin dakatar da tashin hankali. Baya ga amphibians, halittun poikilothermic sun hada da dabbobi masu rarrafe, kifi, protozoa, invertebrates. Wannan yana nufin cewa dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye suna aikin gida.
Fushin gida mai zafi
In ba haka ba ana kiran Homeothermal da dumi-jini. Don rayuwa, ba buƙatar kawai da ƙarin zafin jiki ba, amma a cikin kewayon digiri na 36-45.5. Adadin adadi ya dogara da nau'in dabba.
A cikin mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa, al'ada ba ta wuce digiri 40 ba. Tsuntsaye ma suna jin daɗi idan jiki yayi zafi zuwa digiri 45 a ma'aunin Celsius. Wannan shi ne saboda ƙimar rayuwa. An kashe kuzari da yawa akan fuka fuka-fukan. Misali, tsuntsayen tsuntsayen dabbobi, na daga fukafukinsa sau 80 a kowane dakika. Dangane da haka, zuciya tana bugawa da ƙarfi. Babban saki na kuzari yana faruwa tare da zafin jiki, wanda a misali, sunadaran mutum ba su da kyau, ma’ana, sunadarai sun lalace.
Tsuntsaye nau'ikan dabbobi ne wadanda suka hada da umarni 30. Wakilan su sune:
Yellow wagtail
Yana wakiltar ƙungiyar tsuntsayen da ke wucewa. Sun kasu gida 25. An rarraba wagtail na rawaya azaman wagtail. An sanya musu suna ne saboda suna girgiza da jelarsu, wato, jelarsu. Yayi tsawo a cikin wakilan jinsunan.
Tare da jela, tsawon tsuntsun yakai santimita 16. Tsuntsayen ya kai kimanin gram 30. Af, game da gashinsa. Suna ɗaya daga cikin na'urorin don ƙarin yanayin zafi, kamar fur a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Hakanan Homeothermal yana riƙe zafi tare da taimakon mai mai subcutaneous. Lokacin da babu wadataccen wadata daga waje, ana kone shi, yana aiki a matsayin mai na mai.
A waje, wagtail mai launin rawaya yayi kama da gwarare, amma cikin tsuntsu mai zinare ne. Tsuntsun yana zaune ne a Alaska, Turai, Asiya, Afirka. A nahiyar ta ƙarshe, wagtail yana rayuwa duk shekara.
Motley gemu
Wannan tsuntsu ne na umarnin katako. Ya haɗa da iyalai 6. Jimlar yawan nau'ikan dake cikinsu sune 400. Gemu iri-iri ya bambanta da wasu a cikin gyararren fuka-fukan akan goiter. Yayi kama da gemu. Saboda haka sunan tsuntsu. Gashinta shudi ne. Sauran jikin yana canza launin kore, rawaya, lemo, ja, baki.
Tsawon gemu na motley ya kai santimita 25. Tsuntsayen ya kai kimanin gram 50. Ana samun gemu a kasashen Asiya.
Guatemalan quetzal
Na amintaccen tsari ne. Yana da iyali daya da nau'in 50. Guatemala na quetzal an sanye shi da dogon gashin gashin jelar kore. Su 35 cm ne. Haka kuma tsayin jikin tsuntsu, tare da gashin jelarsa na yau da kullun.
Indiyawan Kudancin Amurka sun yi amfani da gashin gashin Quetzal a cikin kayan adon gargajiya da tsafe-tsafe, inda fuka-fukan suke zaune. Tsoffin mutane sun dauke shi a matsayin Allah na iska. Saboda fuka-fukan fuka-fukai, ba a kashe tsuntsaye ba, sai dai an kama, an fizge an sake su.
Tsuntsu mai linzami mai goyon baya
Kunshe a cikin rukunin ɓerayen tsuntsaye. Tana da iyali daya da nau'in tsuntsaye guda 6. Tsuntsayen da suke da farin-fari, a zahiri, suna kan ciki. Saman tsuntsayen suna da launin toka-toka. Fukafukai, jela da kai suna da duhu kaɗan. Kamar sauran "beraye", wakilan jinsin suna son rataya sama da ƙasa akan rassan.
Daga cikin santimita 32 na tsayin jikin tsuntsu mai linzami mai farin goshi, jelarsa ta kai shekara 23. Zaka iya ganin dabbar a yankin Afirka ta Kudu.
Ruwan dare gama gari
Tsuntsu na tsari mai kama da akuya. Akwai iyalai 6 a ciki. Ruwan dare na gama gari nasa ne. In ba haka ba, ana kiran tsuntsun bushewar dare. Wanda yake da gashin fuka-fukin baya aiki da rana. Da alama kamar mafarki mai haɗiye ne kawai daga nesa. Dabbobin suna da gashin tsuntsu, masu taushi, kama na mujiya. Suna kara karin girma a cikin dare mai gram 100.
Ruwan dare yana da fikafikai kaifi da wutsiya. Daga wannan, tsuntsu yana da silhouette mai tsayi. Zai yi wuya a rarrabe shi idan tsuntsun yana zaune a kan reshe. Jararfin dare ba a haye yake ba, amma tare da shi.
Hawk Mujiya
Yana wakiltar ƙungiyar mujiya na dabbobin gida, wanda ya kunshi iyalai 2. Jimlar yawan nau'ikan da ke cikinsu 205. An rarrabe mujiya na shaho ta launi mai ruwan kasa tare da fararen fata. Adadin yana wucewa. Launin mujiya ya haɗu tare da kututturan birch, wanda tsuntsun yake son zama a kai.
Tsuntsu yana kama da kama da shaho. Saboda haka sunan nau'in. Da farko dai, fuskar mai fuka-fukai ba ta da fuskar fuska irin ta mujiya. Abu na biyu, a cikin dabba, bakin rawaya a fili ya sunkuya. Girman mujiya kuma yayi kama da shaho, da sautin launi. Tsuntsayen ma suna da fikafikai masu fuka-fukai.
Snipe
Yana nufin charadriiformes. Rukuni ya ƙunshi iyalai 17. Adadin da ke cikinsu ya kusan ɗari uku. Maharbi yana da jiki mai tsawon santimita 25. Lilin yana da launin ruwan kasa. Striarƙarar ja, wacce ta haɗu da baƙaƙe biyu, tana gudana tare da kambin kai.
Kafafu da bakun tsuntsun suna da tsayi. Bakin bakin a ƙarshen ya daidaita daga bangarorin don sauƙin kamun kifi da kwari.
Gwanin launin toka
Yana wakiltar tsuntsaye masu kama da crane, wanda kusan akwai nau'ikan 200 da iyalai 13. Guraren launin toka homeothermic dabbobi sune a zahiri, sai bayan makonnin farko na rayuwa. Thermoregulation baya nan a cikin kajin da aka haifa. Saboda haka, iyaye suna kula da zuriyar su daga iska da rana.
Gilashin launin toka yana da yankuna baki da fari a cikin lamanta. Layin haske, alal misali, suna sauka daga idanuwa zuwa wuyan tsuntsu.
Feton mai fari
Tsuntsu na tsarin jimrewar dangin phaeton. Akwai wasu karin iyalai 5 a cikin tawagar. Feton mai launin fari ya yi fice don tsawon santimita 82. Fiye da rabi suna kan jela. An yiwa tsuntsu fari. Akwai abubuwan sakawa masu launin toka a fuka-fukan, kuma baƙi a idanu. Legafafu, kamar kowane juriya, suna da membranes da ake buƙata don iyo.
Kamar yawancin tsuntsaye, 'yan kwanakin farko na rayuwa, fatalwa ba su san yadda za su iya haifar da tsarin kula da yanayi ba, kasancewar a zahiri poikilothermic ne.
Wauta kai
Wakilin umarnin ƙwararren bututu, wanda akwai iyalai 23 da kusan nau'in 100. Wawa yana tare da farin kai, wuya da ciki, ko kuma launin toka gabaɗaya. Tsuntsu yana kama da launin ciyawar launi, girma da tsari. Koyaya, fulmars suna da tubun ƙaho maimakon hancin hancin, kuma baki yana da kauri da gajarta fiye da na kifin teku.
Ana buƙatar hancin hancin Horny ta fuskoki don kawar da gishiri mai yawa. Dole ne a zubar da tsuntsayen teku.
Adunƙarar toka mai wuya
Bird na oda grebe. Tana da iyali daya da nau'in tsuntsaye 23. Adyallen kyandar mai wuyan wuya ya yi fice a tsakanin wasu tare da gashinsa masu ƙwancan launuka jan ƙarfe. Suna kama da tufafin kiwo na tsuntsaye. A kanta akwai tsintsaye masu kalar zinariya.
Kajin Toadstool suna da fata mara goshi a goshinsu. A kan sa, iyaye suna bin diddigin yanayin ɗiyansu. Wurin zai zama fari idan sanyi ne kuma ya zama ja yayin da aka dumama yara.
Lokacin da kajin suka mallaki karin yanayin zafi, zafin jikinsu, kamar kowane gida, yakan zama mai karko. Waƙar thrush tana da mafi girma. Jikinshi koyaushe yana dumama har zuwa digiri 45.5.
Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki shine na kifin ruwa. Misali, a cikin Adélie penguin, yana kusa da mutum, digiri 37 ne. A lokaci guda, tsuntsaye suna da ƙwarewar haɓaka don kiyaye zafin jiki na jiki koyaushe.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa ba su da daraja, in ba haka ba ba za su daskare ba bayan sun daɗe a cikin sanyi kuma ba za su suma daga zafi ba.
Dabbobin gida masu shayarwa
Daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa akwai karyadabbobin gida. Misalan: bushiya, marmot, jemagu. Suna yawan shiga cikin hirar, suna rage tafiyar matakai na rayuwa. A wannan lokacin, zafin jikin mutum yana raguwa, galibi ya danganta da alamar mahalli. Koyaya, bayan rashin nutsuwa, dabbobi sun zama masu saurin zama cikin gida. Saboda haka, masana kimiyyar dabbobi suna kiran matsakaiciyar aji heterothermal.
An raba masarautar dabbobi zuwa umarni 12. Wakilan su sune:
Gorilla
Na mallakar tsarin birai ne. Yana da tsayi kamar na gorilla na mutum, kuma ya dara kimanin sau 2. Wannan shi ne taro na mace. Maza ma kilogram 300 ne.
Gorillas na dabbobin gida ne tare da injin ninkaya sau biyu. Jiki ne da sinadarai. Latterarshen yana nufin kula da yanayin zafin jikin da ake buƙata na halayen cikin shi. Mafi mahimmanci, muna magana ne game da narkewa da samar da zafi, wanda ya haɗa da mai launin ruwan kasa, hanta da tsokoki.
Tsarin jiki ya haɗa da gumi, ƙanshin danshi daga harshe, fata. Hanyar sunadarai ya dace idan kayan ado na jiki basu isa ba.
Taguwar tarko
Ya shafi tsarin dabbobi masu shayarwa. A waje, dabbar tana kama da bushiya, amma, an ware shi azaman dangin tenrecov daban. An haɗu da allurar a jikin dabbar tare da ƙananan gashi. Girman su yana gudana tare da baya.
Tenrec yana cikin Madagascar da Afirka. Akwai lokacin rani mai tsayi. Tenrecs suna bacci daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba. A wannan lokacin, zafin jikin ya dogara da dumamar yanayi. Dangane da haka, ternecs ne mai ɗaukakawa.
Jan dare
Yana wakiltar ƙungiyar jemagu. Dangane da lambobi, shine na biyu a tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa, akwai nau'ikan 1200. Mai martaba ginger shine mafi yawanci tsakanin jemage.
Tsawon daren shine santimita 8, kuma nauyin shine matsakaicin gram 40. Jawo, kamar yadda sunan dabba ya nuna, ja ne. Hakanan ana rarrabe daren ta dogon wutsiya. Tana da kimanin santimita 5. Kamar bushiya, jemagu dabbobi ne masu banbancin yanayi.
Grey Wolf
Dabba na tsari na masu cin nama. Sun kasu kashi goma sha daya. Adadin nau'ikan nau'ikan shine 270. Kerkeci mai ruwan toka yana da nau'ikan ra'ayoyi da yawa, saboda haka tsayin dabba a bushe ya bambanta daga mita 0.6 zuwa 1.
Wolves ba su da tasiri na kashe makamai kamar ƙarfi, kaifi ko hakora. Grays suna fitar da abincinsu a cikin garken, suna fama da yunwa. Kerkeci sun fara cin abinci suna rayuwa lokacin da suka gaji.
Walrus
Yana wakiltar oda na finnipeds, wanda ya kunshi iyalai 3 da nau'ikan 35. An san walrus a matsayin ɗayan mafi dacewa da sanyi. Hanyoyin sadarwar jijiyoyi masu yawa, yawan kitsen dake karkashin fata, da saurin canzawar jini yana taimakawa.
Zafin jiki na walrus koyaushe yana cikin kewayon digiri 36-37. Indexididdigar fata na iya zama daban, amma koyaushe darajoji biyu fiye da mahalli.
Shuɗin whale
Tawagarsa 'yan cetace. Akwai iyalai 13 da nau'ikan 83. Shuɗin whale shine mafi girman dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin ruwa. A shekarar 1926, aka kama wata mata mai tsawon mita 33 mai nauyin tan 150.
Rarin haske na shuɗin whale ya dogara ne da wani lokacin farin ciki na kitse mai subcutaneous. Jikin dabbar dabba yana zagaye. Siffar tana ba ka damar kiyaye iyakar ƙarfi da zafi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa a duniya suke.
A cikin yankuna masu dumi, akwai dabba mafi tsayi, dabbobi masu tsayi tare da fatar jiki, manyan kunnuwa, da jela. Ta hanyar su, canja wurin zafi zuwa yanayin waje yana faruwa.
Hanyar gama gari
Yana wakiltar ƙungiyar rodents Akwai kusan nau'ikan 2300 a ciki. Jirgin ya kasance na dangin hamster. Dabbar ta banbanta da linzamin ta wani danshi mara dadi.
A cikin sanyi, damuwa, kamar sauran rodents, yana ninka metabolism. Wannan ba amsa ba ce ba babba waɗanne dabbobi ne masu aikin gida... Masu farauta za su iya saurin saurin metabolism ta hanyar raka'a 0.8 kawai, amma bishiyoyi suna kara saurinsu sau 7 ba gaira ba dalili.
Dokin kan Przewalski
Na mallakar ƙungiyar equids. Yana da iyalai 3 da kusan nau'in 20. An gina dokin Przewalski mai yawan gaske. Tsawon dabba ya kai mita 2 a santimita 136 a tsayi. Dokin yakai kilo 300-350.
An saka dokin Przewalski a cikin littafin Red Book na Duniya. Matsakaicin yanayin jikin dabba shine digiri 38. A cikin foals da mares masu juna biyu, mai nuna alama ya fi mataki ɗaya girma.
Rakumin dawa
Kunshe a cikin ƙungiyar artiodactyl. Akwai kusan nau'ikan 250 daga cikinsu. Raƙumin dawa ya kiyaye zafin jikinsa a tsakanin digiri 38-42 a ma'aunin Celsius. Zuciya mai nauyin kilogiram 12 tana taimakawa wajen watsa jini.
Raƙuman dawa sun koya don faɗaɗa hanyoyin jini da yardar rai. Jinin dabba kansa ya fi tsananin kauri. In ba haka ba, rakumin dawa ba zai iya runtse kawunansu ba, misali, don sha.
Zomo
Na umarnin Lagomorphs ne. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan dozin 3. Zomo yana daidaita yanayin zafin jiki tare da taimakon hanyar sadarwa mai sakin jini a kunnuwa, danshin danshi yayin numfashi. Hakanan, dabbobi suna shimfiɗawa a ƙasa mai sanyi ko ramuka, suna bada zafi ƙasa.
Don zomaye, yanayin zafi sama da digiri 28 yana da mahimmanci. Heatstroke yana faruwa ga dabbobi. Hakanan an keta tsarin hanyoyin thermoregulation a yanayin zafi ƙasa da digiri 5.
Hakanan mutum yana cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa kuma yana da yanayi mai kyau. Mutane sun daɗa dumama ta wucin gadi zuwa ƙirar halitta ta ƙayyade zafi, misali, tare da taimakon tufafi.
