Masanin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi - sana'a a matsayin aiki
Kwararrun likitocin dabbobi ne kawai suka sani game da kimiyyar kere-kere a matsayin kimiyyar da ke nazarin ilimin lissafi, ilimin halittar jikin karnuka da kuma hanyar kiyaye su da horar da su. Amma oh masu kula da kare da yawa sun ji.
Sun san mafi kyawun halaye da ilimin abokai masu kafa huɗu. Ana buƙatar buƙatar ilimin ƙwararru a cikin kulab ɗin shayarwa na kare, dakunan shan magani na dabbobi, da ɓangarorin iko na ma'aikatan gwamnati.
Wanene masu kula da kare?
Tushen tarihin wannan sana'ar ya koma karnin karni na BC, lokacin da kakanni suka narkar da tetrapods don taimakawa wajen farauta da makiyaya. Marubutan zamanin Girka na da sun riga sun tattauna ilimin karnuka. An yaba da farautar Daular Roman, sun rayu cikin girmamawa da girmamawa.
Bayan lokaci, zurfin nazari da bayanin manyan karnukan, yunƙurin ƙirƙirar sabbin ƙira tare da nau'in halittar da ake so sun taimaka ga bayyanar ilimin kimiyyar a matsayin kimiyya a karni na 19.
Binciken kimiyya mai ma'ana shine kiwo, da sanin hanyoyin horarwa, kawo halayen da ake bukata a cikin karnuka. Babbar gudunmawa ga ci gaban tushe na ilimin kimiyyar zamani kwararru ne daga ƙasashen Ingila da Jamus suka yi.
Kimiyyar ilimin kimiyyar halittu bai kamata a rikita shi da yanayin kiwon kare ba a matsayin lokacin sha'awa. Mai son yana iya tallafawa, kulawa, ma'amala da wani aboki mai laushi a ƙarshen mako, kula da lafiyarsa.
Foraunar karnuka tana tattare da yawancin mutane. Wannan kira na ruhi na iya juyawa zuwa ga sana'a idan mutum ya kasance a shirye ya canza salon rayuwarsa saboda kira zuwa ga nazarin halayen karnuka da ilimantar da su don magance matsaloli daban-daban a rayuwar mutum.
Kowane mai kula da kare yana da ƙwarewar kansa, ƙananan yanki na aiki a fagen farauta, kiwo mai ado, aiki a cikin hukumomin tilasta bin doka.
An ba da hankali musamman don yaƙar nau'in kare a cikin tilasta bin doka da ayyukan ceto. Kowane layi na aiki ya kunshi ilimin asali na kula da dabbobi da ikon samar da shi idan ya zama dole.
Jagorar aikin mai kula da kare yana bukatar mai nema ya sami halaye da yawa:
- bayyanuwar soyayya ga dabbobi;
- ƙoƙari don fahimtar halayyar kare ta hanyar ilimin ilimin halayyar dan adam;
- mallaki hali mai yanke hukunci;
- juriya;
- kyakkyawan lafiyar jiki;
- daidaita tunanin mutum;
- haƙuri;
- fatan alheri.
Wani mahimmin mahimmanci shine ikon tattara hankali, zama mai basira da samun bayyanannen magana mai ma'ana. Kwarewar mai kula da kare baya bada izinin wulakanta dabbobi, wanda aka gane rashin kwarewar kwararre ne.
Yin aiki tuƙuru, haƙuri da ilimi ne kawai ke ba da nasarori. Yin nazarin ilimin halittar jikin karnuka, ilimin zootechnics, ilimin halayyar ci gaba, halaye na asali, hanyoyin horo ana haɗa su cikin horon kwararrun masana.
Game da, menene mai kula da kare yake yi, wanda ya sami ilimi na musamman, yi magana da masu neman aiki lokacin shiga kwasa-kwasan, ƙwarewar ilimin jami'a.
Ana tsammanin ɗalibai a cikin sassan Sashin Harkokin Cikin Gida, a kwastan da sabis na kan iyaka, a nune-nunen da gasa na masu kiwon karnuka, a cikin gidajen gandun daji don kiwo irin na kiwo, masaukai da otal-otal na musamman don karnuka.
Masana ilimin kimiya sun yi aiki tare da wakilai masu tsarkakakku akan nau'ikan ayyukan da yawa: haɓaka yanayin kiyayewa, ciyarwa, kiwo, kiwon karnuka da tsara ayyukansu.
Kowane yanki yana buƙatar zurfin ilimin fasali na anatomical, ilimin halayyar dabbobi, ilimin lissafi. Ana iya faɗi sakamakon a can, ina masu kula da kare tsinkayar halin karnuka da jagorantar ayyukansu. Wannan yana nuna kwarewar kwararru.
Ofayan mahimman ayyuka na mai kula da kare shine kiyayewa, haɓakawa, da haɓaka halayen kowane irin. Manufofin ilimi na kwararru shine samarda taimako, shawarwari akan kawar da rashin biyayya ga karnuka, halayen halaye marasa kyau.
Mahimmancin aikin mai kula da kare ya karu tare da karuwar matsugunan kare da otal-otal na dabbobi. Hanyoyi da dabaru masu amfani sun cika fannoni da dama na al'umman kare-dan adam, wadanda ma suna da nasu hutun a ranar 21 ga Yuni - ranar kare kare.
Bayani da siffofin masaniyar ilimin kimiyyar kimiyya
Ciwarewa na masu kula da kare suna mai da hankali sosai, wasu suna da mawuyacin tushe, amma duk suna samar da bukatun ɗan adam, ana nufin hidimtawa mutane. Mafi shahara kuma ana buƙata sune ƙwararrun masu zuwa:
Masu horo. Ofayan shahararrun yankuna na aikin ƙwararrun masanan kimiyyar-zoopsychologists. Tallafin ƙwararru ga masu mallakar kare a cikin horo, dasa ƙwarewar da ake buƙata. A yayin aiwatar da aiki, dabbar ba ta haɗuwa da malamin, yana kasancewa da aminci ga mai shi.
Ana yin nazarin halayen mutum ɗaya, ana haɓaka tushen horo na mutum. Ana aiwatar dasu duka tare da sa hannun maigidan kare kuma ba tare da shi ba. Akwai daidaito na alaƙar da ke tsakanin dabba da mai ita, gyaran matsaloli a cikin halayen dabbar dabba.
- Masu koyarwa. Suna ba da shawarwari a kulab ɗin masu kiwon kare, suna taimaka wajan kiwon karnuka na nau'in kiwo. Kwararru suna cikin buƙatu a cikin wuraren kulawa don koyar da ƙwarewar biyayya ta farko, aiwatar da umarni na yau da kullun. An umarci matasa masu kiwon kare kan kulawa da horar da dabbobin gida da kula da su.
- Masana ilimin kimiya. Untataccen yanki na aikin ƙwarewa wanda ke da alaƙa da nazarin nau'in kiwo da yawa ko ɗaya kawai. Masana suna cikin aikin ƙididdiga a baje kolin, ayyukan kiwo.
- Masana ilimin kimiya-masu gina jiki. Yi daidaitaccen abinci daidai da nau'in, shekaru, yanayin kiyaye kare. Wannan wani muhimmin bangare ne na rayuwa ba wai kawai na karnukan sabis masu motsa jiki ba, har ma da na cikin gida da ke fama da kiba, misali, pugs.
- Masana kimiyyar sararin samaniya na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida. Suna da alhakin halaye na aiki na karnukan sabis da ke cikin ayyukan bincike, aikawa, ceto, da dai sauransu. Aikin karnuka a cikin tsarin wuta yana haɗuwa da nauyi na musamman da haɗari. Tsaro da rakiya ba za su iya yin ba tare da karnukan sabis ba. 'Yan sanda masu kula da karnuka gudanar da aikin sintiri.
- Masu kulawa. Gudanar da ayyukan kula da dabbobi a atisaye ko baje koli karnuka. Masanin ilimin kimiya dole ne ya nuna ƙwararren masaniyar halaye mafi kyau na irin, ɓoye aibun. Yana aiwatar da shiri na farko na dabbar gidan don nunawa.
- Ango. Kula da bayyanar kare. Yana lura da yanayin rigar.
Wani yanki daban na ayyukan mai kula da kare shine kiwon karen. Dole ne ƙwararren masani ya fahimci batutuwan da suka shafi halittar jini, likitan dabbobi, haɗuwa da juna, don kada ya cutar da su. Mutane da yawa suna ba da ransu ga aiki don haɓaka nau'in karnuka.
Ilimin kimiyyar kimiyya saurayi ne, mai tasowa, wanda wani lokaci ake kira maganin kare. Dabbobin shaggy suna taimaka wa yara da cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki.
Sadarwa tana gudana a ƙarƙashin kulawa da sa hannu masu kula da kare. Bayani matasa marasa lafiya da iyayensu suna ba da shaida ga fa'idodin maganin canis a inganta haɗin kai na motsa jiki, haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da halayyar ɗabi'a.
Gabaɗaya, ana horar da karnuka don yankuna masu zuwa:
- wasanni;
- bincika da ceto;
- jami'in sintiri;
- kungiyar tsaro;
- bincika;
- sabis na sadarwa;
- sabis na rakiya;
- hidimar makiyayi;
- sabis na zamantakewa (jagorori, masu ceto, masu kashe gobara, masu ba da magani).
Eterayyade iyawa da aikin kare mai kula da kare. Sayi dabba mai jerin halaye ba yana nufin cewa ba za ku ƙara yin ma'amala da aboki mai ƙafa huɗu ba. Tsarin sadarwa zai gaya muku wane sabis ne ya dace da dabbobinku.
Yadda ake zama mai kula da kare?
Horar da kare ne da za'ayi a cikin kwasa-kwasan na kunkuntar kwararru: masana, malamai. Fahimtar ka'ida da ƙwarewar amfani yana ɗaukar watanni da yawa.
A jarrabawar ƙarshe, hukumar tana tantance matsayin ƙwarewa da matakin horo. Ilimi mafi girma yana faruwa ne a ƙwarewar doka na jami'o'in kan iyaka, sassan ɓangarorin haɓaka makarantu.
Da yawa darussan kula da kare suna da dabi'ar amfani da su wajen koyar da gyaran kare, kiwo irin, da warware wasu matsaloli na nazarin halittu. Cikakken ilimin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi yana yiwuwa a cikin ƙungiya tare da shekaru da yawa na ƙwarewar horo da kuma ma'aikatan ƙwararrun ƙwararru.
Albashin kare kare - matsakaita na ƙasa. Akwai 'yan tsirarun wurare a cikin sabis na musamman. Ayyukan da aka zaɓa, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba a canza su ba.
Wannan sana'a ce da mutane da yawa ke ba da ransu ga ta masu kula da kare. Farashi irin wannan sabis ɗin ana auna shi ne da kwazo da kaunar dabbobi da mutane masu godiya, waɗanda ɗalibai masu kafa huɗu ke kiyaye muradinsu.
