Shrews ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa ne waɗanda ke cikin gidan masu hankali. Bambance-bambancen waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi suna da girma ƙwarai: masana kimiyya sun ƙidaya kusan nau'ikan 179.
Bayani da mazaunin mai hankali
A duban farko, dabbobin suna kamanceceniya da beraye na yau da kullun, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake kiransu sau da yawa murine shrews... Amma idan ka lura da kyau, zaka iya samun kananan kananan bambance-bambance a tsakanin su.
Siberian shrew - tsayin jikin wannan dabba bai wuce alamar 8 cm ba, wutsiya kuwa 3-4 cm proboscis yana kan kai. Duk jikin an lullube da ulu mai launuka biyu: Jawo a bayan baya wata inuwa ce mai launin shuɗi, kuma kusa da ciki sai ta zama inuwa mai launin toka mai haske.Cikin Ja littafi Siberian shrew ya zama saboda ƙananan dabbobi.
Dwarf shrew - daya daga cikin mafi kankantar halittun halittu wadanda suke daga jinsin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Babban kai yana da proboscis, wanda ke halayyar dukkan shrews.
Wutsiyar ƙaramar dabbar tana da tsayi mai ban mamaki dangane da girmanta gabaɗaya - matsakaicin adadin da aka rubuta shi ne cm 3.5. Tsawon jiki daidai yake da tsayin wutsiyar.
Matsakaicin matsakaici ya fara daga 1 zuwa 1.5 g, a cikin mawuyacin yanayi - 1.7 g. Dukkan jiki, ban da ciki, an rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa mai ruwan toka-toka, a cikin ɓangaren ƙananan jiki yana da haske.
Farin-ciki mai shrew - jimillar tsawon kai da jiki bai wuce 8 cm ba, dabba mai shayarwa ya kai kimanin 5. A karshen kai akwai proboscis na hannu, amma, babban kan ba ya da sauri kamar yadda yake a cikin sauran mutane da yawa - rostrum yana da fadi da fadi. Kunnuwan suna da girma - a bayyane ana gani ta sutura.
Hakora 28 fari ne. A cikin hoto shrew da yawa kamar rodent, kawai bambancin tsakanin waɗannan halittu shine bayyanar jelar: a cikin farin mai haƙori mai kauri yana da kauri, tsayin bai wuce cm 3.5 ba, kuma ƙaramar ulu ma tana tsiro a kanta, kuma kwalliya na bayyana a wurare. Jawo a cikin ɓangaren sama na jiki baƙar fata ne-mai launin ruwan kasa, a kan ciki fari ne wanda ba a bayyana shi.
A cikin hoton, shurn mai farin ciki
Shananan shrew - tsayin tsaka na kai da na jiki yakai cm 6, wutsiya kuwa ita ce cm 3. Nauyi ya dogara da girman dabba kuma ya fara daga 3-7 g. An rufe jikin da furcin launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, a cikin ciki yana da launin toka-toka. Wutsiya tana da launi iri ɗaya kamar yadda duka jiki yake - ya yi duhu a saman, ya fi wuta ƙasa.
A cikin hoto, ƙaramin shrew
Babban shrew - bayyanar wannan halittar ba ta da bambanci kadan da bayyanar dangin ta. Babban bambanci ya ta'allaka ne a cikin girma: tsawon kai da jiki shine 15 cm, wutsiya 8 cm.
Mata sun fi ƙanƙan yawa: nauyin jikinsu na iya kasancewa a cikin zangon 23.5 - 82 g, kuma mafi ƙarancin nauyin da aka rubuta na miji ya kai 33.2 -147 g. Fur mai launi biyu ne: a saman yana da launin toka mai duhu, ƙasa da shi haske ne. Idanun masu hankali ƙanana ne, kuma sautunan da akayi daga nesa sun yi kama da niƙa ko zugi.
A cikin hoton akwai katuwar shrew
Duk shrews basa jin kanshi mai dadi sosai: komai game da musk gland ne, wadanda ke da alhakin samar da wani sirri, wanda warinsa ya kebanta da kamshin mutum.
Irin wannan gland din ya fi bunkasa a cikin maza fiye da na mata. Wari mara dadi yana cika ba wai kawai gidan mazaunin dabbobi ba, har ma ya kasance har ma a kan hanyoyin da ya gudu a kalla sau daya.
Tunda akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan wannan dabba mai shayarwa, shrew yana rayuwa a kusan dukkanin yankuna na halitta, gami da hamada. Yankin rarraba ya dogara da takamaiman nau'in. Don haka farin-bel mai shrew samu a duk Turai da Kudu maso Yammacin Asiya.
Shananan shrew sanannen abu ne: yana zaune a arewacin yankin na Afirka, a yamma da Turai kuma kusan a duk yankin Asiya. Sau da yawa ana iya samun sa a cikin lambun ko a lambun kusa da gidan bazara.
Yankin pygmy shrew ita ce mafi yawan ƙasashe waɗanda suke kudu da Turai, da faɗin Asiya, Indiya da arewacin Afirka. Babban shrew rarraba a Afirka, Asiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya.
A cikin hoton, Manchu ya faɗi
Sunan Siberian shrew din kwata-kwata ya dace da mazaunin sa na yau da kullun: yana zaune a cikin Siberia da cikin yankuna kusa da Asiya. Wani nau'in nau'in, wanda aka sanya masa suna bayan wurin zama, shine Manchu shrewwanda ke zaune a cikin girman Manchuria.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar mai hankali
Yawancin shrews suna zaune a wuraren da ƙarancin iska ya fi yadda yake. Wasu jinsunan ma suna rayuwa da rayuwar ruwa-ruwa. Shrews suna son kasancewa su kadai.
Suna haƙa gidaje, suna zama a cikin kututture, kututture, kuma suna zaune ramuka na ƙananan beraye. Amountananan adadin shrew na iya zama kusa da mutum, yana zama a ɗayan gidajen rani na bazara.
A wurin da aka zaba a matsayin mazaunin dindindin, an kafa wani gida na gida, wanda ya lulluɓe shi a kai tare da busassun shuke-shuke daban-daban da kuma ganyen itace.
Girare farauta kusa da gidan - 30-50 sq.m. A cikin irin wannan yanki, suna neman ganima cikin duhu, yayin da rana kuma sun gwammace farauta kusa da gidaje ko kuma wata mafaka.
Abinci
A cikin abinci shrew shrew larvae, kwari daban-daban da tsutsar ciki sun mamaye. Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu sun yi rubuce rubuce a lokacin da kananan dabbobi suka kai hari ga kadangaru, kwadi da zuriyar beraye.
Suna neman ganima tare da taimakon kyakkyawar ma'anar taɓawa da ƙanshi. Akwai shawarwari cewa wasu daga cikin manyan dangin suna da damar haɓakawa.
Waɗannan wakilan dabbobi masu shayarwa sun fi son cin abinci, tunda an ba su damar saurin narkewa: kowace rana yawan abincin da ake buƙata ya wuce nauyin jikinsu da ɗaya da rabi, ko ma sau biyu.
Dabbar tana yawan yin bacci da daukar abinci, yawan irin wadannan lokutan kai tsaye ya dogara da girmanta - mafi karancin wakilai na irin wannan tazara suna da mafi girma: ranar da aka saba amfani da karamar kankanta ta kasu kashi 78.
Mai hankali ba zai iya kasancewa cikin yunwa na dogon lokaci ba: matsakaicin lokacin da aka kashe a wannan yanayin kafin mutuwar mai hankali ya sha bamban tsakanin sa'o'in 7-9, kuma a wasu nau'ikan ma ya ragu - masu shrew din sun mutu ne kawai bayan awanni 5.5.
Gwaninta mai tsananin yunwa, yanayin zafin jikin mai hankali yana raguwa sosai, gajeren wayo ya shiga, amma basa yin bacci.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na shrew
Shin mai haihuwa ne murine shrews Sau 1-2 a shekara, a wasu lokuta ba safai mata kan iya yin jigilar abubuwa sau 3 ba. 'Ya'yan sun ƙyanƙyashe cikin kwanaki 13-28.
Bayan ƙarshen wannan lokacin, ana haifar 4-14 cikakke jarirai marasa taimako: ba tare da gani da ulu ba, proboscis yana cikin matakin ci gaba.
Shrews yana girma da sauri, don haka idan jarirai sun cika kwanaki 30, sun kai shekarun da zasu iya kula da kansu. Uwa da thea movean suna motsawa, suna yin wata irin sarkar: suna riƙe da wutsiyar juna.
Idan thean ya ɓace daga vanyarin, zai fara fitar da wata kara mai ƙarfi, godiya ga abin da macen ta same shi a cikin ciyawa ta kai shi wurin brothersan’uwa maza da mata, waɗanda ta bari a baya a wani wuri mai aminci.
Masana kimiyya sun gano wani abin mamaki mai ban mamaki: kusa da farkon lokacin sanyi, ana lura da raguwar girman jiki a cikin matasa, kuma kwanyar ta dan daidaita. Lokacin rani ya zo, tsohon girma ya dawo. Kai tsaye shrews bai fi shekara daya da rabi ba.
