Kyawawan kananan dabbobi "masu fararen gashi" ko dutse martens Shin kawai shahidan da basa jin tsoron zama kusa da mutane. Kodayake dangi na kusa da wadannan dabbobin masu ban sha'awa sune sables da pine martens, farar fatar mai kama da kyan gani a cikin halayenta, ana iya samun saukinsa a wuraren shakatawa, a ɗakunan bene, kusa da rumfunan kaji.
Fasali da mazaunin dutse marten
Stone marten yana rayuwa kusan ko'ina, yankunanta shine Eurasia duka, kuma a cikin Amurka, ana kiwon dabbar musamman don manufar shirya "farautar farauta".
Dabbar tana jin daɗi a kowane yanayi mai sanyin yanayi, daga mafi sanyi zuwa kusan zafi - shahidai suna rayuwa a cikin Ciscaucasia, a cikin Crimea, a Belarus, a Ukraine da sauransu. Amma yawan jama'a shine inda dusar ƙanƙara take na dogon lokaci, waɗanda waɗannan dabbobi ke kauna.
Gabaɗaya, dutse marten a cikin hoton - kuma ruwan tabarau na telephoto ba ya amsawa ta kowace hanya, ba shi da wahala a kama shi. Yarda mutum cikin nutsuwa, wannan dabbar tana iya kamawa da cin abincin da mutane suka jefa, misali, ƙwallan nama ko burodin burodi. A cikin wuraren shakatawa na Jamusawa, an rataye masu ciyarwa don shahidai, kamar yadda ake yi wa yan iska.
Mutane da yawa suna kiran wannan dabba - "dutse Pine marten”, Amma wannan ba gaba daya daidai bane. Pine marten jinsin ne daban, amma marten na dutse sun gwammace su zauna ba a cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa ba, amma a yankunan da ke da bishiyoyi daban daban, da shuke-shuke da filaye, suna guje wa yankunan da ke da dazuzzuka masu yawa. Yana son zama a cikin wuri mai duwatsu, wanda ya sami sunan shi.
Dabbar tana da sha'awa sosai, tana da dangantaka da kowane abu sabo, wanda yakan lalata wakilan wannan nau'in. A cikin, yadda ake kama dutse marten tare da koto ko tarko, babu wahala.
Ba kwa buƙatar nama. Don yanki na kirfa mirgine tare da dandano kafur, marten zai tafi ko'ina. Wannan dukiyar dabbar an yi amfani da ita ta hanyar farautar farauta tsawon ƙarnika.
Masana kimiyyar dabbobi sun kirga kuma sun gane yau rabe-raben duwatsu huɗu, suna yi musu baftisma gwargwadon wuraren zamansu:
- Bature - yana zaune a Yammacin Turai kuma a yankin Rasha zuwa Urals;
- Crimean - yana zaune a cikin Crimea, ya bambanta da sauran ba kawai a launi ba, har ma a cikin tsarin haƙori da girman kai;
- Caucasian - mafi girma kuma mafi kyau don kiwo mai ma'ana "don fur";
- Asiya ta Tsakiya - mai tsananin sanyin jiki, mafi “ban dariya” a waje, galibi ana ajiye shi azaman dabbobin gida.
Gabaɗaya, martens ƙananan dabbobi ne, tsayin jikinsu ya fara daga 38 zuwa 56 cm, ban da jela, tsayinsa daga 20 zuwa 35 cm. nauyin dabbar 1 - 2.5 kilogiram.
Mafi girma - Caucasian dutse marten, tare da tsawon sama da 50 cm kuma nauyin kilogiram 2 ne, amma har ma da irin waɗannan dabbobin don ɗinke ƙaramar rigar raguna suna buƙatar yawa.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar marten
Dutse marten - dabbar dare wacce ke fitowa daga mafakarta a lokacin faduwar rana. Ba sa tona kabarinsu, sun gwammace su zauna tsofaffin "gidajen" wasu dabbobi, gine-ginen mutane ko kuma wuraren zama na halitta.
Martens suna kula da "gidansu", suna rufe shi da fuka-fukai, ciyawa, idan mutane suna zaune kusa da su, to duk abin da zasu ci riba dashi, misali, tsummoki. Mahalli na al'ada don martens sun hada da:
- rami a cikin duwatsu;
- kananan kogo;
- tarin duwatsu ko duwatsu kawai;
- tsoma ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi suna kafewa a kan duwatsu;
- tsoffin ramuka na wasu dabbobi.
Idan mutane suna zaune kusa da yankin da marten yake ganin nasa, to waɗannan dabbobin, ba tare da jinkiri ba, su daidaita:
- a cikin gidajen;
- a cikin sheds;
- a cikin ɗakunan bene;
- a cikin barga;
- a cikin ginshiki;
- a ƙarƙashin baranda.
Bayyana dutse marten, ya kamata a san cewa dabba na hawa bishiyoyi daidai, amma baya son yin wannan, saboda haka, yana amfani da ramuka a matsayin mawuyacin gidaje, kawai idan babu abin da ya dace a kusa.
Yanayin marten ba wai kawai son sani ba ne, amma har ma da rashin hankali. Dabbar tana son zolayar karnuka, "hooligan" ta kowace hanya mai kyau a mazaunin mutum, misali, lalata kayan marmarin kayayyakin ko hawa labule. Saboda haka, dutse marten a gidaIdan aka goye ta kamar dabbar gida, takan bata lokaci sosai ko dai a cikin keji ko kuma a aviary.
Abinci
An yi imani da cewa dutse dabba marten - mai farauta, saboda haka, yana cin nama. Wannan gaskiya ne kawai. Marten dabba ne mai cin komai wanda yake ciyar da abin da yake farauta da dare.
Matsayi mai amfani, beraye, kwadi, tsuntsaye, ƙananan zomaye su zama ganimar dabba. Bugu da kari, marten yana son 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itatuwa, tushen ganye da qwai. Ko marten da aka ciyar dashi sosai ba zai wuce ta gidan tsuntsayen da kwai ba, kuma idan akwai wata bishiya tare da apricot kusa da ita, dabbar ta manta cewa ba ta son hawa dutsen.
A baya can, waɗannan dabbobin an kama su musamman a yankin Arewacin Jamus da Norway. Bugu da ƙari, dutse marten kamun kifi An gudanar da shi ba da nufin samun fur ba, amma da nufin daidaita dabbar a cikin sito.
Dutse marten yana cin abinci akan ƙananan beraye
Marten nan take ya amsa ga rustust, motsi m, da makamantansu. Wannan ya sa ta zama cikakkiyar mai kama da linzamin kwamfuta, wanda. Bugu da kari, zai yi farauta muddin dai an "sa kayan" a kusa, ba tare da la'akari da ko ana bukatar abinci ko a'a. Irin wannan ingancin yana sanya gidajen kaji a cikin haɗari sosai. Jefa kaji da sauran tsuntsaye nan take yasa dabbar fara farauta.
Amma shahidai kai tsaye suna cin kadan, kawai suna bukatar gram 300-400 na abincin dabbobi. A cikin daji, dabbar na iya cin gofer daya ko arba'in, ko wani jaka kuma shi ke nan.
Martens da ke zaune a wuraren shakatawa da gidaje "an cinye su", amma ba yawa. Winter dutse marten Yana son cire tsaba daga cones, babu wani bambanci na asali a game da spruce, pine ko itacen al'ul cones na mata. Saboda son mazugi, dabbobi ba wai kawai suna hawa bishiyoyi ba, har ma suna fita daga wuraren da suke ɓoye kafin magariba ta zo.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na marten dutse
Dutse marten mai kaɗaici ne tare da yankin kansa, yana yin "karkatarwa" da yin alama kan iyakoki sosai. Dabbobi ba sa son wakilan jinsinsu, ban da "lokacin saduwa".
Wannan tsari a cikin weasels abin birgewa ne. Ma'auratan "sun saba" a ƙarshen bazara, amma, ba daidai ba, namiji baya nuna aiki. Mace tana kulawa don cimma al'aura kai tsaye kawai zuwa ƙarshen kaka.
A cikin hoton, jaririn dutse marten
A wannan yanayin, wani abin mamakin da ya faru - 'kiyayewar' maniyyi. Wato, bayan saduwa, mace na iya wucewa ba tare da "matsattsun" matsayi ba har tsawon watanni takwas, duk da cewa ciki da kanta a cikin martens yana ɗaukar wata ɗaya kawai.
A ƙa'ida, ana haihuwar jarirai 2-4 a lokaci guda, ana haife su tsirara da makafi, buɗe idanunsu wata ɗaya kawai bayan haihuwa. Lokacin ciyarwar madara yana daga watanni 2 zuwa 2.5. Kuma jarirai suna samun 'yanci kai tsaye kimanin watanni 4-5 bayan haihuwa.
Babban haɗari ga rayuwar ƙananan shahidai shine lokacin da suka fara fita don bincika kewaye. Da yawa suna fada cikin ganimar makiya na mustelids - Foxes, arctic foxes and owls.
Martens yana rayuwa cikin yanayi kusan shekaru 10, amma cikin zaman talala wannan lokacin yana ƙaruwa sosai. A gidajen zoo a fadin duniya, da wuya ka gamu da ajalin weasel 'yan kasa da shekaru 18.
Ko da yake, dutse marten yaba saboda konkoma karãtunsa fãtun, waɗannan dabbobin ba su taɓa zama fifiko ba a cikin kasuwancin fata ko, a yau, a cikin masana'antun fur.
Wannan ya ba wa kunim damar kasancewa gab da halaka. Kuma sha'awar dabbobi da sifofinsu ya basu damar rayuwa mai ban mamaki a wuraren shakatawa na birni, bel na daji da sauran wuraren da mutum ya haɓaka.
