“Beyar kwancen kafa tana yawo a cikin daji, yana tattara kosai, yana rera waka ...” Sau da yawa ana ambaton beyar mai launin ruwan kasa a cikin tatsuniyoyi, maganganu, da waƙoƙin yara. A cikin tatsuniya, ya bayyana a matsayin mai kirki, dunƙulelliyar dunƙule, mai ƙarfi da sauƙin tunani.
Ya bayyana a cikin wani haske daban a cikin sanarwa: hoton beyar yana ƙawata riguna da yawa da tutocin ƙasa. A nan shi alama ce ta ƙarfi, farocity da iko. "Jagora na taiga" - wannan shine yadda Siberians ke kiransa. Kuma a cikin wannan suna da gaskiya Brown kai Shine ɗayan manyan mafarautan ƙasar, haƙiƙa mai farauta da rashin farauta.
Fasali da mazaunin launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa
Gwanon ruwan kasa (Ursus arctos) na dangin bear ne kuma shine na biyu bayan takwaransa na Arctic a girma. Bayanin launin ruwan kasa dole ne mu fara da ci gaban da ba a taba gani ba.
Mafi girma kalar ruwan kasa masu rai a cikin yankin Alaska kuma ana kiran su kodiaks. Tsawonsu ya kai mita 2.8, tsayinsa ya bushe - har zuwa 1.6 m, gwarzayen ƙattafan ƙafafun kafa na iya wuce kg 750. Mafi babban ruwan kasa bearaka kama don Wurin Kula da Dabbobi na Berlin, ya auna nauyin 1134.
Arsaukanmu na Kamchatka kusan ba su bambanta da su a girma. Matsakaicin matsakaici na launin ruwan kasa ya fara daga 1.3-2.5 m, nauyi - 200-450 kg. A ka’ida, maza sun fi mata ƙarfi da ƙarfi sau 1.5.
Jikin gwarzon gandun daji an lullube shi da ulu mai kauri, wanda ke ba shi kariya daga kwari masu ban haushi a lokacin bazara da kuma sanyi a lokacin kaka-damina.
Launin ya kunshi gajerun filoli masu sanyin jiki don kiyaye dumi da kuma waɗanda suka fi tsayi don kiyaye danshi. Gashi yana girma ta irin wannan yanayin cewa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama, saukad da ruwa suna rufe ulu, kusan ba tare da jike shi ba.
Launi - duk tabarau na launin ruwan kasa. Bears na yankuna daban-daban na yanayin damina sun banbanta: wasu suna da mayafin zinare na zinare, yayin da wasu ke kusa da baki.
Bears a cikin tsaunukan Himalayas da Dutsen Rocky suna da gashi mai launuka masu haske a bayansu, yayin da Siriyawa galibi masu launin ja ne. Bears dinmu na Rasha yawanci launin ruwan kasa ne.
Bears ya narke sau ɗaya a shekara: yana farawa a cikin bazara a lokacin rutsi, kuma ya ƙare kafin hunturu. Molt na kaka yana da rauni kuma ba a iya fahimtarsa, gaba daya an maye gurbin fur ɗin jim kaɗan kafin kwanciya a cikin kogon.
Shin beyar launin ruwan kasa a hoto Wani sanannen tudu yana bayyane a sarari - wannan tsauni ne na tsokoki a yankin da ke bushewa, yana ba dabbobi damar haƙa ƙasa da sauƙi. Musculature na babba baya wanda ke bawa beyar ƙarfin tasiri mai girma.
Kan yana da nauyi, babba, tare da cikakkiyar goshi da damuwa a kusa da gadar hanci. A cikin beyar mai launin ruwan kasa, ba ta da tsayi kamar ta belar. Kunnuwa kanana ne, kamar yadda idanun zurfafa suke. Bakin dabba yana sanye da hakora 40, canines da incisor suna da girma, sauran kanana ne (masu cin ganyayyaki).
Ikon cizon launin ruwan kasa mai dodo ne. Tsarin kwanya kai na musamman, abin da ake kira dutsen sagittal, yana ba da ƙarin sarari don ci gaba da haɗewar jijiyoyin muƙamuƙi. Fangaran beran guda huɗu suna cizo da ƙarfi na yanayi guda 81 kuma suna da ikon yaye manyan guntun nama.
Wsafafun kafa suna da ƙarfi da ban sha'awa. Kowannensu yana da yatsu 5 da manyan yatsu (har zuwa 10 cm), wanda beyar ba ta da ikon janyewa. An rufe ƙafafun da fata mai kauri da taushi, galibi launin ruwan kasa mai duhu.
Ba a nufin farauta don farauta; tare da su, beyar ta haƙa tushensu, tubers, kwararan fitila waɗanda aka haɗa su a cikin abincin ta. Ban da mutane, bera ne kawai ke iya tafiya a tsaye, yana dogaro da gaɓoɓinsa na baya.
Gaitaccen tafiya, wanda aka ambata a cikin dozin tatsuniyoyi, an bayyana shi da gaskiyar cewa beyar, lokacin tafiya, takan bi takan kafafu biyu na hagu, sannan a kan ƙafafun dama na dama, kuma ga alama tana tafiya daga gefe zuwa gefe.
Daga dukkan hankula, mafi karfin beyar shine gani, ji yafi kyau, amma jin kamshi yana da kyau (sau 100 yafi mutum). Beyar tana iya jin ƙanshin zuma mai nisan kilomita 8 daga habar kuma yana jin ƙarar kudan zuma mai nisan kilomita 5 daga wurin.
Yankuna a ina launin ruwan kasa mai rai yake rayuwa - suna da girma. Suna zaune kusan dukkanin Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka, ban da yankunan kudu. A ko'ina, ana ɗaukar waɗannan dabbobin ba su da yawa, ana samun yawancin jama'a a jihohin arewacin Amurka, Kanada, kuma ba shakka, a Siberia da Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Brown bear - dabba dazuzzuka. Sun fi son matattarar dazuzzuka na gandun daji taiga tare da yankuna masu ruwa da kananan koguna. A cikin yankuna masu duwatsu, kwancen kafa yana rayuwa a ƙarƙashin inuwar hadaddun gandun daji, kusa da kwazazzabai da rafin dutse.
Dogaro da mazaunin, masana kimiyya sun rarrabe yawancin ƙananan launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, wanda ya bambanta da babba kawai cikin girma da launi. Ba kowa ya san cewa grizzly ba jinsin jinsin bane, amma kawai bambancin launin ruwan kasa ne wanda ke rayuwa a cikin yankin Arewacin Amurka.
Bayyanawa, kusa da sandar, ya fi girma ƙarancin bears masu launin ruwan kasa. Ana iya bayanin wannan a sauƙaƙe - a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, ya fi sauƙi ga dabbobi masu yawa su dumi.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa
Bears masu launin ruwan kasa sune keɓaɓɓun yankuna. Yankunan maza na iya kai wa kilomita 400², mata da zuriya sun ninka sau 7. Kowane ɗayan bear yana alamta iyakokin yankinsu tare da alamun ƙamshi da ƙaiƙayi a jikin bishiyoyi. Dabbobi suna rayuwa ta zama, suna yawo kawai a cikin yankin yankin tare da samun wadataccen abinci mai yalwa, ko nesa da mutane.
Daya daga cikin siffofin halayyar beyar ita ce tsayin daka. Taurin kai yana bayyana yayin samun abinci mai yawa, kuma saboda ɗanɗano.
Don haka, a ƙarshen kaka, da ya ga 'ya'yan itace da ke rataye a kan bishiyar tuffa, beyar za ta fara ƙoƙarin isa gare ta, sannan za ta yi ƙoƙarin hawa, kuma ta gaza a kan rassan masu sassauƙa, za ta fara girgiza itacen har sai ya mallaki tuffa.
Wani halayyar da ke tattare da beyar shine ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai ban mamaki. Suna da sauƙin horo, musamman a ƙuruciyarsu, kuma masu hazaka sosai. Yawancin mafarauta sun lura cewa bera, waɗanda a dā suka ga tarko da aikinsa, suna jifa da manyan duwatsu ko sanduna a ciki, kuma, da sun zama marasa lahani, suna cin ƙullin.
Bears suna da sha'awa sosai, amma suna ƙoƙari su guji haɗuwa da mutane. Amma idan wannan ya faru, halayyar dabbar ta dogara ne da lokacin da ya lura da mutum da kuma wanda yake a da.
Zai iya lura da mutane suna diban 'ya'yan itace ko namomin kaza, sannan kuma ya bayyana a cikin ɗaukaka, yana jin haushi da ihu na wani ko dariya. Bayan wannan, yawanci yakan yi ƙaramar tsini amma mai kaifi gaba, yana huci don rashin jin daɗi, amma baya kawo hari.
Mintina daga baya, maigadin dajin ya juya ya tafi a hankali, yana lekewa sau da yawa yana tsayawa. Saurin saurin canzawa yanayi ne na bears.
Wani misalin, lokacin da beyar ta haɗu da mutum kwatsam kuma kwatsam, ya firgita, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, yakan ba hanji hanji. Anan ne asalin sunan cutar "bear cuta" ya fito.
Ba asiri bane cewa launin ruwan kasa yana ɗauke da ɗan bacci. Kafin kwanciya, suna aiki musamman don tara wadataccen mai.Brown nauyin nauyi a lokacin kaka yana ƙaruwa da kashi 20%. Tafiya zuwa wurin kogon (baƙin ciki ya cika tare da iska ko kuma keɓantaccen wuri a ƙarƙashin tushen itacen da ya faɗi), beyar ta kauce, ta cilla hanyoyin.
Beyar ta kasance a cikin rayayyen motsi daga watanni 2.5 zuwa 6, ya danganta da yanayin mazauni da alamun yanayi. A cikin mafarki, ana kiyaye zafin jiki na jiki a 34 ° C. Maza da mata masu jiran zuriya suna barci dabam. Bears tare da yara na farko - kwance tare. Tsotsan tsotsa kan iya zama al'ada ga jarirai.
Baccin Bears yana da matukar damuwa. Idan kun tashe shi a tsakiyar hunturu, ba zai iya sake komawa barci ba kuma zai yi yawo cikin dajin dusar ƙanƙara, ga ƙarancin abinci, mai fushi da fushi.
Abu mafi munin shine saduwa da beyar mai haɗawa. Ba kamar sauran lokuta ba, tabbas zai kawo hari. A lokacin lokacin bacci taro na launin ruwan kasa bear yana raguwa da matsakaita na kilogiram 80.
Abincin ruwan kasa mai gina jiki
Bears masu ruwan kasa suna cin komai. Abincin su ya ƙunshi tushen iri iri, 'ya'yan itace, kwararan fitila, ƙarancin samari na bishiyoyi. Abun tsire shine kashi 75% na abincin ƙafar kwancen kafa.
Suna ziyarar lambuna, gonakin masara, hatsi da sauran hatsi. Suna kama kwari: ƙwaro, butterflies, lalata tururuwa. A wani lokaci, bears masu ruwan kasa suna farautar ƙadangare, kwadi, ƙananan beraye, da kifi.
Sau da yawa ana ganin bears a kusa da koguna kusa yayin tafiyar salmon. Suna iyo da kyau kuma cikin gwaninta suna kama kifin da zai tafi spawn. Carrion wani tushen abinci ne.
Kodayake farauta ba dabarun abinci bane na beyar mai ruwan kasa, zasu iya kai hari kan barewa, barewa har ma da doki. Suna aiki musamman a lokacin magariba - kafin wayewar gari ko kuma da yamma, kodayake suna iya yawo a cikin daji da kuma ranar fari.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa
Bears suna haifar da zuriya a tsakanin ta shekaru 2-4. Gudun yana farawa a watan Mayu kuma yana iya wucewa daga kwana 10 zuwa wata. Bears na maza a wannan lokacin suna da hayaniya da tsawa da halayya mai ƙarfi. Fada tsakanin abokan hamayya abu ne mai yawan faruwa kuma galibi yakan ƙare da mutuwar ɗayan beyar.
Bear tana dauke da juna biyu na kusan kwanaki 200. Ci gaban amfrayo yana faruwa ne kawai lokacin da ya shiga cikin rashin himma. Kubiyu (yawanci 2-3) ana haifuwarsu a cikin rami a tsakiyar lokacin sanyi, kurma, makafi da ƙuruciya. Sai kawai bayan makonni 2 zasu fara jin, bayan wata guda - don gani. Nauyin jariri ya kusan 0.5 kilogiram, tsawon sa 20-23 cm.
Yana da ban mamaki yadda bambancin ɗabi'ar mahaifiya take a lokacin da take cikin kogo da bayan barin ta. Idan beyar ta farka, za ta bar gidanta da jarirai marasa azanci kuma ba za ta sake komawa wannan wurin ba.
Mahaifiyar tana ciyar da matasa na kimanin kwanaki 120, sannan su canza zuwa shuka abinci. Madarar Bera ta fi madarar shanu ninki 4. Sau da yawa, cuban daga zuriyar da suka gabata suna kula da brothersan uwansu, suna kulawa dasu kuma suna ƙoƙarin kare su. Mutum na iya faɗi babu shakka game da beyar mai ruwan kasa: shi ba uba ba ne.
Da shekara 3, samari bears suna da ikon yin jima'i kuma daga ƙarshe suyi bankwana da mahaifiyarsu. Za su yi girma na wasu shekaru 7-8. Tsammani na rayuwa a cikin gandun daji ya kai kimanin shekaru 30, a tsare - har zuwa 50.
A cikin Littafin Ja, launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana a matsayin "nau'in da aka yi barazanar". A duniyar, daga cikin dazuzzuka da ba za a iya wucewa ba, akwai kusan mutane dubu 200, wanda dubu 120 daga cikinsu ke zaune a yankin Tarayyar Rasha.
A cikin ajinsu, bea mai launin ruwan kasa yana daya daga cikin dabbobi mafiya daukaka kuma masu karfi, amma kamar sauran wakilan dabbobi na duniya, basu da kariya daga mutane. Ana farautar su da nufin samun fata, nama da bile, ana halaka su babu tausayi yau.
