Tuna dukkanin kabilu ne na mackerel, suna ɗaukar jinsi 5 da nau'ikan 15. Tuna ta daɗe da zama kifin kasuwanci, bisa ga bayanan tarihi, masuntan Jafan sun kama tuna tuna shekaru 5 da suka gabata. Sunan kifin ya fito ne daga tsohuwar Girkanci "thyno", wanda ke nufin "jefawa, jefawa."
Bayani da fasalin tuna
Dukkanin nau'ikan Tuna suna da yanayin jiki mai tsini wanda yake jujjuyawa zuwa wutsiya. Finayan dorsal fin yana da siffar concave, yana da tsayi sosai, yayin da ɗayan ke da sikila, siriri kuma a waje kamannin dubura. Daga ƙofar dorsal na biyu zuwa wutsiya, ana iya ganin ƙaramin ƙyallen ƙira 8-9.
Wutsiya tana kama da jinjirin wata. Shi ne wanda ke yin aikin locomotive, yayin da jiki, zagaye a cikin diamita, ya kasance kusan rashin motsi yayin motsi. Tuna yana da babban kai mai kamannin mazugi tare da ƙananan idanu da baki mai faɗi. Jaws an sanye shi da ƙananan hakora an shirya su a jere ɗaya.
Sikeli da ke rufe jikin tuna, a gaban ɓangaren jiki da kuma gefunan, sun fi girma kuma sun fi girma, yana ƙirƙirar wani abu kamar harsashi mai kariya. Launi ya dogara da nau'ikan, amma duk ana amfani da su da duhun baya da ciki mai haske.
Kifin Tuna suna da wata kadara wacce ba kasafai suke iya samu ba - suna iya kula da yanayin zafin jikin da ya daukaka dangane da yanayin waje. Wannan iyawar, ana kiranta endothermia, ana ganin sa ne kawai a cikin tuna da kuma yanyanke yanyanke.
Saboda wannan, Tuna na iya haɓaka babbar gudun (har zuwa 90 km / h), kashe ƙarancin kuzari a kansa kuma ya dace da yanayin muhalli, ba kamar sauran kifayen ba.
Duk wani tsari na kananan jiragen ruwa, duka tare da jijiyoyin jini da na jijiyoyin jini, wadanda suke hade kuma suka maida hankali kan bangarorin kifin, yana taimakawa wajen "dumama" jinin tuna.
Jini mai dumi a cikin jijiyoyin, dumi da jijiyoyin wuya, ya rama don jinin sanyi na jijiyoyin. Kwararru na kiran wannan jijiya ta jijiya "rete mirabile" - "cibiyar sadarwa ta sihiri".
Naman Tuna, ba kamar yawancin kifi ba, yana da launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. Wannan ya faru ne saboda kasantuwa a cikin jinin kifin wata furotin ta musamman da ake kira myoglobin, wacce ke dauke da sinadarin iron mai yawa. Ana haifar da shi lokacin tuki a cikin babban sauri.
A CIKIN Bayanin kifin tuna ba shi yiwuwa a taba batun batun dafuwa. Toari da kyakkyawan ɗanɗano, naman tuna ya fi naman shanu, saboda ɗanɗano mai ban mamaki Faransawa masu hutawa suna kiransa "naman alade na teku".
Naman ya ƙunshi dukkanin abubuwa masu alaƙa, amino acid da bitamin masu amfani ga jiki. Shan shi a kai a kai a cikin abinci na rage barazanar kamuwa da cutar kansa da cututtukan zuciya, da kara garkuwar jiki da inganta yanayin jiki baki daya.
A cikin Amurka, alal misali, girkin tuna ya zama tilas akan tsarin masu bincike da daliban jami'a. Abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin abubuwan da ke ciki suna haɓaka aikin kwakwalwa.
Tuna kusan ba mai saukin kamuwa daga kamuwa da cuta ba, ana iya cin naman sa danye, wanda ake amfani dashi a yawancin abincin duniya na duniya. Akwai nau'ikan tuna guda sama da 50, shahararru dangane da kamun kifi sune:
A cikin hoton, naman tuna
- talakawa;
- Atlantic;
- mackerel;
- taguwar ruwa (skipjack);
- dogon-gashin tsuntsu (albacore);
- yellowfin;
- mai-manyan ido.
Talakawa tuna - kifi yayi girma musamman m. Zai iya girma cikin tsayi har zuwa mita 3 kuma yakai kilogram 560. Sashin babba na jiki, kamar kowane kifin da ke rayuwa a cikin ruwa, yana da launi mai duhu. Game da tuna ta gama gari, yana da shuɗi mai zurfin, wanda ake kiran wannan nau'in kuma da shuɗin tunafin shuɗi. Ciki farin silvery ne, firam din ruwan lemo ne mai ruwan kasa.
Tuna gama gari
Atlantic (blackfin tuna) yana da tsayin cm 50, tare da matsakaici na mita 1. Daga cikin shari'o'in da aka yi rikodin, mafi girman nauyin 21. Ba kamar wasu ba dangin kifi, tuna blacktip yana zaune ne kawai a cikin iyakantaccen yanki a Yammacin Atlantika.
Tunawa na Atlantic
Mackerel tuna wani matsakaici ne mazaunin yankunan bakin teku: tsayi - bai fi 30-40 cm ba, nauyi - har zuwa kilogiram 5. Launin jiki ba shi da bambanci da sauran: baƙar baƙi, ciki mai haske. Amma zaka iya gane shi ta hanyar fuka fukai masu launuka biyu: a ciki baƙaƙen fata ne, daga waje kuma ruwan hoda ne.
Mackerel tuna
Tuna da aka tatsi shine mafi ƙanƙanci mazaunin buɗe teku tsakanin ire-irensu: a matsakaita yana girma har zuwa 50-60 cm, samfuran da ba kasafai ake samu ba - har zuwa mita 1. Yanayinsa na musamman duhu ne, ingantaccen ratsi mai tsayi a ɓangaren ciki.
A cikin hoton taguwar tuna
Dogon gashin tsuntsu (fari tuna) - kifin teku har zuwa 1.4 m tsawo, yin la'akari har zuwa 60 kg. Baya baya shuɗi mai duhu tare da murfin ƙarfe, cikin ciki haske. Ana kiran Longtip don girman fincin fuka-fuka. Farin naman Tuna ya fi komai daraja, akwai lokuta da masu dafa abinci na Japan suka sayi gawa a $ 100,000.
A cikin hoton, dogon tuna
Tuna Yellowfinfin wani lokacin takan kai 2-2.5 m kuma tsawonta yakai 200 kg. Ya sami sunansa don launin rawaya mai haske na ƙwanƙwasa da ƙoshin lafiya. Jiki launin toka-shuɗi ne a sama, kuma azurfa a ƙasa. A layin gefe akwai lemun tsami tare da shuɗi mai shuɗi, kodayake a cikin wasu mutane na iya zama ba ya nan.
A cikin hoton yellowfin tuna
Baya ga girman idanu, tuna mai manyan ido tana da ƙarin fasali guda ɗaya wanda ya banbanta shi da danginsa na kusa. Yana da zurfin teku nau'in tuna - kifi yana rayuwa a zurfin sama da mita 200, kuma dabbobin samari ne kawai ke ajiye su a saman. Manyan mutane sun kai 2.5 m kuma suna da nauyin fiye da 200 kg.
Kifin tuna kifin mai manyan ido
Tuna salon rayuwa da mazauni
Tuna suna karatun kifi mai laushi wanda ya fi son ruwan dumi tare da babban gishirin. Su kwararrun masu iyo ne, masu saurin gudu da sauri. Tuna koyaushe yana buƙatar kasancewa cikin motsi, tunda kawai ta wannan hanyar wadataccen iskar oxygen yana ratsa gill.
Kifin Tuna lokaci zuwa lokaci yana yin ƙaura zuwa gaɓar teku kuma suna zuwa nesa sosai don neman abinci. Dangane da haka, kamun kifin tuna yana faruwa a wani lokaci lokacin da yawan kifin ya mamaye yankin. Mai kamun kifi ba zai yi mafarkin yinsa ba hoton tuna - kifi tare da ci gaban mutum.
Yankunan ruwa, inda kifin tuna yake - suna da girma. Saboda karuwar yanayin zafin jini, kifin yana jin dadi duka a + 5 ° da + 30 °. Yankin tuna na kama yanayin wurare masu zafi, na ƙauyuka da kuma ruwa na tekuna uku: Indiya, Atlantic da Pacific. Wasu nau'ikan sun fi son ruwan da ke kusa da gabar teku, wasu - akasin haka - sauƙin ruwan buɗewa.
Tuna abinci
Tuna kifi ne mai farauta. Suna farautar ƙananan kifi, suna ciyarwa akan ɓawon burodi daban-daban da molluscs. Abincin su ya hada da anchovies, capelin, sardines, mackerel, herring, sprats. Wasu kifaye don kaguwa, squid da sauran kayan shakatawa.
Masanan Ichthyologists, lokacin da suke nazarin yawan tuna, sun lura cewa da rana makarantar kifi ta sauko zuwa zurfin kuma farauta can, yayin da dare tana kusa da farfajiyar.
Batun ban mamaki, wanda aka ɗauka akan bidiyo, ya faru ne a gaɓar tekun Spain: babban tuna, wanda aka lasafta daga jirgin ruwa, haɗiye kifin kifin, wanda kuma yake son ɗanɗanar kifin, tare da sardine. Bayan 'yan dakiku, sai katon ya canza shawara ya tofa wa tsuntsun, amma faɗin bakinsa da saurin abin da ya aikata ya dame duk wanda ke kusa da shi.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon tuna
A cikin yankin Equatorial, yankuna masu zafi da wasu yankuna na bel ɗin ƙasa (kudancin Japan, Hawaii), tunatarwar suna tuna duk shekara. A cikin yanayin yanayin yanayi mai sanyi da sanyi - kawai a lokacin dumi.
Wata babbar mace na iya share kusan kwai miliyan 10 a lokaci guda, girman da bai wuce mm ba. Ana yin takin gargajiya a cikin ruwa, inda namiji yake sakin ruwan maniyyinsa.
Bayan kwanaki 1-2, toya fara farawa daga ƙwai. Nan da nan suka fara ciyar da kansu kuma da sauri sun sami nauyi. Yaran dabbobi, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, suna ajiye a cikin manyan ɗakunan ruwa mai ɗumi, wadatattu a ƙananan crustaceans da plankton. Tuna ya kai ga balagar jima’i har zuwa shekaru 3, yana rayuwa a kan kusan 35, wasu mutane - har zuwa 50.
Saboda lalacewar muhalli da kamun kifi mara rahama, yawancin nau'in tuna suna gab da karewa. Greenpeace ta sanya tuna a cikin Jan Jerin Abincin da ya kamata a kaurace masa domin kiyaye adadi da ke tattare da jinsin halittu da kuma cutar da yanayin halittu.
