Dabba mara kyau jan panda a hoto yayi kyau sosai, amma a zahiri bazaka iya dauke idanunka daga kanta ba. Yayi kama da abun wasa, nan take yake jan hankali. Akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin asalinsa.
Na farko bayani game da karamin jan panda ya bayyana tun farkon karni na 13 daga bayanan da suka gabata game da rayuwar tsohuwar Sinawa. Bayani game da wannan dabba mai ban mamaki ya isa Turai kusan ƙarni na 19.
Na gano wannan abin mamakin ga Bature dabbar ja panda Ingilishi Janar Thomas Hardwicke. Wannan mutumin soja ne ta iliminsa. Amma wannan bai hana shi tattara abubuwa da yawa game da dabba ba.
Ya ba da shawarar a kira waɗannan dabbobin "Xha", waɗannan sautunan da kuka fi ji daga gare su ne. Akwai wasu sigogin don sunan waɗannan dabbobi. Sinawa suna son kiransu "punya".
A cikin hoton, jar Panda
Kusan lokaci guda tare da janar din Ingilishi, masanin Faransancin Federic Cuvier ya zama mai sha'awar ƙaramar panda. Kuma yayin da Baturen Ingila ya shagaltu da lamuran aikinsa a yankin mulkin da aka damka masa, Bafaranshen ya rubuta cikakken aikin kimiyya tare da bayanin karamin panda da sabon suna ga dabba, wanda a fassararsa yake nufin "sheki mai sheki".
Birtaniyyawa suna da sha'awar yin zanga-zanga game da wannan al'amuran, amma an yi komai bisa ƙa'idodi waɗanda ba za a iya watsi da su ta kowace hanya ba. Sabili da haka, har yanzu an ba da fa'idar ga Bafaranshen, kuma Ingilishi ya kasance tare da bukatunsa.
Bafaranshen ya bayyana wannan halitta mai ban mamaki da ɗoki da ƙauna wanda kowa ya yarda da sunanta, wanda ya dace da wannan kyakkyawar kyakkyawar launin ja.
Duk masanan halitta har ma da 'yan ƙasa na Thomas Hardwick suna son sunan "poonya", wanda ya yadu cikin sauri kuma ya yaɗu kuma daga ƙarshe ya zama kalmar "panda". A ilmin kimiyyar zamani, ana amfani da wannan sunan a zamaninmu.
Bayani da fasalolin ƙaramar panda
Wannan dabba mai ban mamaki tana kama da kamanni ko katuwar fanda, suna da irin wannan tsarin. Kawai karamin panda dan kadan kasa da na wadannan dabbobi.
Girman jan Panda ya ɗan fi girma fiye da na babban ɗan kyanwa na yau da kullun kuma ya kai 50-60 cm. Nauyin dabbar daga 4 zuwa 6 kilogiram. Erananan Red Panda yana da tsayayyen jiki tare da kai mai faɗi da kaifi mai kaifi, kunnuwa masu kaifi da doguwar wutsiya mai laushi.
Rigarsa ana rina a cikin jan launi mai launin ja tare da jan lalle, yana da kauri, mai taushi ne kuma mai santsi. Dabbar tana da hakora 38. Idanun sa karami ne, amma a kan yanayin gaba daya, suna ba panda kyakkyawa da kyau.
Legsafafun dabba gajere ne, amma a lokaci guda suna da ƙarfi. Ana ganin yatsu masu ƙarfi, masu lanƙwasa a yatsun, tare da taimakon abin da Panda ke hawa bishiyoyi ba tare da matsala ba. Equippedugun hannu na dabba an sanye shi da ƙarin yatsa, godiya ga abin da panda ke riƙe da rassan bamboo.
Wsafan Panda suna da sheƙi mai sheƙi. An zana kai a cikin launuka masu haske, kuma a kan bakin bakin akwai babban farin maski wanda aka zana, kamar na raccoons. Abune sananne cewa ɗaiɗaikun mutane, tsari na musamman yana cikin kowane mutum. Maza da mata suna da girma iri ɗaya.
Paintedananan andaan Panda ana yin su da launuka masu launin toka-ruwan kasa, sai da shekaru ne gashinsu ke mallakar launuka ja mai zafi. Wannan halitta ce mai zaman lafiya tare da nutsuwa da halayya ta wasa, ƙara son sani game da duk abin da ke faruwa a kusa da ikon saurin daidaitawa da sababbin yanayi. A cikin kwanciyar hankali, zaku iya jin sautin sautin, sautin wannan dabbar, ɗan ɗan tuna da tsuntsaye masu kuwwa.
Pananan salon panda da mazauninsu
Red panda yana rayuwa a wuraren yammacin Nepal, a cikin dutsensa, a kudu maso yammacin China da Indiya. Tana tafiya daidai, a ƙasa da bishiyoyi. Sun fi son zama a cikin gauraye gandun daji da yankuna masu nisa.
Ita ce mafi kyawun halitta kuma tana son rayuwar kadaici. Don zama yana amfani da ramin itace. Idan akwai haɗari, yana ƙoƙari ya ɓoye cikin rassan itace.
Red pandas masoya ne masu son bacci. Yana daukar su a kalla awanni 11 kafin su yi bacci. Yana da ban sha'awa kallon dabba a ranaku masu zafi. Sun miƙe kyauta akan reshen bishiya kuma suna auna ƙafafunsu ƙasa.
A cikin sanyi, matsayinsu na bacci yana canzawa. Suna lanƙwasa cikin ball kuma suna lulluɓe kansu da jelar wutsiyarsu, mai dumi da taushi. Duk lokacin Panda na karfe suna ciyarwa don neman abinci.
Wadannan dabbobin sune manyan masu su. Ana amfani dasu don yin alama ga yankinsu. Don wannan, ana ɓoye ruwa na musamman tare da fitsarinsu. Yana fitowa daga gland, wanda yake kusa da dubura.
Ironarfe ɗaya ne a tafin ƙafafun dabba. Irin rawar da ake takawa ta tarin tarin abubuwa, wanda Panda ke alamtawa ta musamman a kan iyakar abin da ta mallaka. Ta waɗannan alamun, zaka iya gano game da jima'i na dabba, ko shekarunta nawa ne da kuma yanayin yadda yake rayuwa. Namiji daya zai iya yiwa alama babba yanki na murabba'in kilomita 5. Akwai mata da yawa a kai.
Maza masu tsananin azanci suna kare yankunansu. Da zaran wani baƙo ya bayyana a kai, sai panda namiji ya yi ihu da ƙarfi. Suna iya garzayawa cikin haɗari cikin aminci, kafin wannan a bayyane suna girgiza kawunansu. Idan makiya ba su jin tsoron irin wadannan alamun na fushi, to fada mai karfi na iya faruwa a tsakaninsu.
Abinci
Duk da cewa wannan dabbar tana hawa bishiyoyi da kyau, Red panda yana ci zai fi dacewa a ƙasa. A takaice dai, masu farauta ne, amma yawancin abincinsu shine gora, 'ya'yanta ganye da harbe-harbe. Wannan kusan kusan kashi 95% na abincin dabbobi. Ragowar 5% sune fruitsa fruitsan itace, berriesa berriesa, rodananan entsaurai da ƙwai tsuntsaye.
Don farauta da neman abinci, jan Panda yafi zaɓi lokacin magariba. Tare da farawarsu, dabbar ta sauko ƙasa kuma tana motsi da sassauƙa, sassauƙa don neman kayan abinci. Jan Panda yana ɗaukar abincin da aka samo tare da ƙafafunsa na gaba kuma yana cinye shi da ci abinci. Suna gudanar da cin abinci ba kawai a cikin zama ba, har ma a cikin yanayin kwance.
Ganyen gora da harbe-harbe ba sa samar da ƙarfi kamar yadda muke so, don haka dabbobi dole su sha da yawa. Panda mai matsakaicin matsakaiciya na iya cin kusan kilo 4 na gora a rana.
Yana da wahala ga cikin su narkewar zaren da ba shi da ƙarfi, saboda haka dole ne panda ta zaɓi tsiren da ya fi ƙanƙanta da arziki. Ana amfani da ƙwai, kwari, beraye da 'ya'yan itace a lokacin hunturu lokacin da babu wani sabon harbi da ke girma daga gora. Tare da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, dabba ta rasa ayyukanta kuma lafiyarta ta tabarbare.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Farkon bazara lokaci ne mai dacewa don kiwon waɗannan dabbobi masu ban mamaki. Yanayi yana basu rana ɗaya kawai a shekara don wannan. Sabili da haka, maza da mata ba su da ɗan lokaci kaɗan don yin tunani; suna buƙatar nemo abokiyar aure kuma su yi takin wuri-wuri.
Gestation na mace yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 130-140. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa jariri baya fara haɓaka nan da nan. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 50 kawai don ci gaba.
Mata kafin fara haihuwa kansu suna damuwa da gidansu. Yawancin lokaci suna zaɓar bishiyar rami a wurinsa ko wuraren sanya rami. Don dumi da jin daɗi, suna rufe mashigansu da rassa da ganyen bishiyoyi.
Pananan Kandawan Panda
Daga ciki, daga jarirai ɗaya zuwa huɗu waɗanda nauyinsu ya kai g 100 an haife su. Makafi ne kuma ba su da komai kwata-kwata. Pananan pandas suna ci gaba a hankali.
Bayan kamar kwanaki 21, idanunsu suka buɗe. Bayan kwanaki 90, zasu iya barin gidansu, kuma bayan shekara guda suna rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Dabbobi suna shirye don haihuwa daga watanni 18.
A cikin daji, waɗannan kyawawan dabbobin suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10. Tsawon rayuwa dan panda gida ya kai har zuwa shekaru 20. A zamanin yau ana samun karancin su, don haka jan panda littafin ya yi daidai da dabbobin da ke cikin hatsari.
A cikin hoton, ɗan ƙaramin ɗan panda
Wasu mutane suna mafarki sayi karamin panda... Amma ga mutane da yawa, waɗannan mafarkin suna kasancewa ne kawai saboda suna da matukar farin ciki. Pananan farashin panda farawa daga $ 10,000.
