Ayyukan Goral da mazauninsu
Dabbar da ke dauke da suna mai alfahari "goral", Yayi kamanceceniya da akuya mafi kyau wanda kowa ya gani kuma ya sani. Koyaya, idan kun lura da kyau, ana iya samun bambance-bambance.
Maimakon haka, jinsi ne da ke gicciye tsakanin ɓarna da akuya. Yin la'akari goral a cikin hoto, to zaka iya ganin cewa kahonninsa da wutsiyarsa sun bambanta.
Jikin wannan artiodactyl ya kai cm 118, kuma yana girma a tsayinsa har zuwa 75 cm a bushe. Yana iya auna daga 32 zuwa kilogram 42. Goals suna da launin ruwan kasa, launin toka, ko ginger. A ƙarƙashin maƙogwaron kyawawan maza akwai "malam buɗe ido" wanda aka yi da farin ulu, asalin jelar kuma yana da launi mai haske.
Wutsiyar kanta tana girma har zuwa 18 cm kuma an yi mata ado da dogon gashi, kamar gashi. Duk mata da maza suna alfahari da ƙahonin baƙaƙe. Kaho yana da tsayi 13 zuwa 18 cm.
Da kyar za'a iya kiran waɗannan dabbobin sirara, duk da haka, tsananin jikinsu baya hana su motsi cikin sauri da sauri. Bugu da ƙari, a sauƙaƙe suna hawa zuwa wuraren da mutum zai iya samun ta rarrafe kawai.
Duk wani tudu yana karkashin goral ne, wani lokacin hanyoyin wadannan dabbobin suna wucewa ta irin wadannan duwatsu masu santsi da santsi, inda, da alama, babu inda babu inda za a sanya ƙafafunsu, amma wannan "mai hawa dutsen" yana amfani da ko da karamin rami, ƙaramin tsaga domin isa zuwa saman.
A kan duwatsu, dabbobi suna motsawa kusa da bango na dutse, wanda ya tashi kusan tsaye. Daga wannan, ana goge bangarorin goral sosai.
Amma a cikin dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfin gaske, wannan dodannin har ma a saman ƙasa yana jin ba shi da tsaro. Anan yana da rauni, kuma yana da matukar rauni - kowane kare zai iya riskar sa da sauƙi. Goral yana zaune a cikin Rasha, sun zauna a Burma, a yankin Koriya, a China.
Hakanan yana da kwanciyar hankali a yankuna dab da bakin Amur, a kan tsaunin Bureinsky. Nan da nan ya kware kuma ya zauna a yankin Sikhote-Alin.
Nau'in Goral
Abun dabba yana da nau'ikan 4 kawai:
- himalayan
- Tibet
- Gabas
- amur
Himalayan goral... Goral na Himalayan babban nau'in ne, tsayinsa a bushe ya kai santimita 70 a wasu mutane.Wannan dabba mai ƙarfi, ƙafafu masu ƙarfi, an lulluɓe da ulu mai laushi, yana da sutura mai kyau. Maza ma suna da tudu a bayan bayan su.
Himalayan, bi da bi, yana da ƙananan raƙuman ruwa biyu - launin ruwan kasa da ruwan toka. Goral mai launin toka yana da gashi mai launin ruwan hoda, kuma mai ruwan kalar yana da launi a cikin sautunan launin ruwan kasa da yawa.
Himalayan goral
Tibet goral... Wani nau'in da ba kasafai yake faruwa ba, yake cikin hatsari. Wannan goral ɗin ba shi da girma, tsayi a ƙeƙwarar mace ya kai 60 cm kawai, kuma nauyin bai fi kilogiram 30 ba. Dole ne in faɗi cewa a cikin wannan nau'in, mata sun fi na maza girma. Maza ba su da wata kwalliya, amma ƙahoninsu sun fi lanƙwasa.
Wadannan dabbobin suna da kaya masu launuka masu kyau - an lullube su da gashi mai ruwan kasa-ja, baya ya yi launi mai launi, amma ciki, kirji da makogwaro sun fi sauƙi. Matasa, ban da haka, an kuma yi musu ado da farin tabo a goshin. Koyaya, bayan lokaci, wannan "kyakkyawa" ta ɓace.
Tibet goral
Gabatarwar gabas... Mafi yawan dukkan nau'ikan suna kama da akuya. Ya kasance mai ƙarfi sosai, rigarsa launin toka, kuma akwai tsiri mai duhu tare da kashin bayan sa. A kan makogwaro, gashi ya fi sauƙi. Wannan nau'in yana da ban sha'awa don kahonsa - gajeru ne kuma masu lankwasa baya.
A cikin hoto goral gabas
Amur goral da aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja. Tsayin da ya bushe ya kai 80 cm, kuma nauyin ya kusan kai 50 kilogiram. Yana da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. An zana shi sosai - akwai farin tabo a kirji, leben kuma "an taƙaita" da fari, a gindin wutsiyar akwai fari launi kuma akwai ma fari "safa".
A cikin hoton Amur goral
Halayen Goral da salon rayuwarsa
Rayuwar dabbobi iri daban daban. Yankunan Himalayan sun tattara cikin garken shanu, waɗanda zasu iya haɗawa har zuwa mutane 12. Bugu da ƙari, kowace dabba daga garken suna da alaƙa da juna. Gaskiya ne, idan namiji ya balaga, ya fi son zama shi kaɗai.
Ba ya son gaske mai haske, rana, ayyukansa na faruwa da sanyin safiya ko yamma. Koyaya, idan ranar tayi girgije ko hazo, golar baya kasancewa mai wucewa ko dai.
Amma a lokacin rana da wuya ya motsa. Ya zaɓi wurin jin daɗi don hutawa, ƙarya kuma kusan ya haɗu da ciyayi masu kewaye. Yana da matukar wahalar lura dashi. Gobal na Tibes ya fi son kasancewa shi kaɗai. Hakanan suna iya tarawa ƙungiya-ƙungiya, amma yawansu kadan ne.
Wadannan dabbobin matafiya ne. Ba za su iya zama wuri ɗaya koyaushe ba. Suna canza wurin su kowane yanayi. A lokacin rani, waɗannan dabbobin suna jarabce su da ciyawar kore, waɗanda suke a cikin yankuna na sama, kuma tare da farkon lokacin hunturu, suna sauka, ƙasa da layin dusar ƙanƙara.
Yankunan gabas sune masu hawan gaske. A wata hatsari ko 'yar hatsari, a sauƙaƙe sukan hau kan duwatsu, inda ba shi yiwuwa sauran dabbobi su isa. Suna rayuwa ne a kananan kungiyoyi (kawuna 4-6), tsofaffin mutane sun tashi suna rayuwa daban.
A lokacin bazara, mata da yara suna rayuwa dabam. Goran Amur kuma, mafi yawan lokuta, yana rayuwa shi kaɗai, kodayake akwai ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. Game da haɗari mai zuwa, yana shiga cikin duwatsu, inda yake jin an kiyaye shi.
Sun fi son salon zama. Waɗannan dabbobin ba za su iya kare kansu da haƙoransu ba, kuma ƙahoninsu ba su da tsawo. Suna kare kansu daga abokan gaba da ihu mai ƙarfi, amma lokacin da wannan bai taimaka ba, ana ɗauke su cikin duwatsu cikin manyan tsalle.
Hakanan ba a daidaita su don yin aiki na dogon lokaci ba - ba su da dogayen ƙafa, kuma jikinsu ba haske ba ne. Amma suna iya tsalle har zuwa mita 3. Gorals yana da rauni sosai a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, don haka suna guje wa dusar ƙanƙara, idan shimfidar sa ta fi 25 cm.
Ba sa nuna ƙiyayya a tsakanin ’yan uwansu’ yan ƙabila. Akasin haka, waɗannan dabbobin koyaushe suna faɗakar da juna game da haɗari (fitar da hiss), maza suna samun abinci kuma suna kiran sauran membobin ƙungiyar don su raba abinci.
Sau da yawa rukuni na gorals yana ganawa da wani rukuni, amma ba bayani game da dangantakar da ke faruwa. Gaskiya ne, a yayin rutsi, maza suna shirya faɗa, amma wannan al'ada ce ta al'ada fiye da sha'awar hallaka abokin hamayya.
Abinci
A lokacin rani, abincin waɗannan dabbobin suna da wadatuwa kuma sun bambanta. Duk wani ciyayi ana cin sa. Ciyawa, tsire-tsire masu furanni, ganyen shrubs, bishiyoyi, fruitsa fruitsan itacen da zaku iya kaiwa - duk wannan yana cikin abincin.
A lokacin hunturu, tebur ya fi dacewa, duk da haka, kuma a wannan lokacin babu buƙatar yunwa. Branchesananan rassan bishiyoyi, shrubs, harbe-harben bishiyoyi masu yankewa - waɗannan dole ne a ciyar dasu a lokacin sanyi. Ayyuka ba sa son allura da yawa, amma ana amfani da su lokacin da babu wani zaɓi. Hakanan lichens da namomin kaza sun dace.
Waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa a wuraren da ciyayi ke da karimci, a lokacin bazara da lokacin sanyi. Bugu da kari, a lokacin hunturu, dabbobi sun fi son zama kusa da duwatsu, akwai karancin dusar ƙanƙara, iska tana kada dusar kankarar, kuma ciyayi sun kasance a saman.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Rut yana faruwa a cikin Satumba - Nuwamba. A wannan lokacin, kwallun suna riƙe da bibbiyu. An haifi yara a watan Mayu-Yuni. Uwa ɗaya takan haihu ɗaya kawai, da ƙyar sau biyu.
Mace na shirin haihuwa sosai. Ta zaɓi wurin da yake kusa da makiyaya mai kyau, kusa da rami mai shayarwa, kuma sauran dabbobin ba za su iya samunsu ba - a cikin kogwanni ko cikin kogon dutse.
Bayan an haife jariran, mahaifiya ba ta bar masaukin kwana ɗaya ba, amma a rana ta biyu yara na iya yin abin da za su bi mahaifiyarsu da wasa, kuma mace da yaran tana barin matsuguninta.
Goatsananan awaki suna da dabara suna tsallakewa kan duwatsu bayan mahaifiyarsu, suna kwaikwayon motsin ta, sun san duniyar da ke kusa da su kuma suke neman abinci. Koyaya, duk wannan lokacin mace na shayar da jarirai da madara, kuma wannan ciyarwar zata ci gaba har zuwa faduwa.
Ko da lokacin da yaron ya girma, har yanzu yana ƙoƙari ya shayar da uwa - durƙusawa da rarrafe a ƙarƙashin ciki, amma mahaifiyar ba ta tsayawa bikin tare da matasa, sai kawai ta koma gefe.
Yaran saurayi suna tsayawa kusa da iyayensu mata har zuwa bazara. Kuma sun balaga ne kawai da shekaru biyu da haihuwa. Rayuwar Goral a cikin daji gajere ce sosai. Maza suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 5-6. Mata suna rayuwa - har zuwa shekaru 8-10. Amma a cikin halittun da aka kirkira, rayuwar wadannan dabbobi zata karu zuwa shekaru 18.
Goral cub a cikin hoto
Manufa
Waɗannan dabbobin da ba su da ƙarfi da wauta suna da makiya da yawa, kuma tsaronsu yana da rauni sosai. A dabi'a, ana ɗaukarsu sauƙin ganima ga fakitin kerkeci, ga mikiya, damisa, lynxes.
Amma mafi munin abu shine mutum. Ba wai kawai mazaunin goral yana raguwa koyaushe ba saboda ci gaba da gini da ci gaban ƙasa, amma har yanzu mutum yana farautar wannan dabbar.
Sinawa da 'yan Tibet suna ganin abin da aka yi da gawar daga jikin duka don warkewa, Udege ya yi amfani da jini da ƙaho, yayin da sauran al'ummomin suka kashe waɗannan awakin saboda naman mai daɗin ulu.
A sakamakon haka, an jera dukkan nau'ikan goral a cikin Littafin Ja, an san adadin su kuma suna cikin kariya. Ana ƙirƙirar wuraren ajiya, wanda a cikinsa akwai kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yawan dabbobi. Ana ci gaba da aiki a kan farfajiyar (Lazovsky Reserve).
