Cougar mai nutsuwa ne kuma mai farauta
A cikin dangin dangi puma yayi la'akari da ɗayan wakilan mafi kyawun alheri, mai ƙarfi, kyawawan dabbobi, wanda aka fara bayyana a tsakiyar karni na 16. Wani suna na wannan babban kyanwa shine cougar, ko zaki na kan dutse.
Fasali da mazauninsu
Babban dabba mai shayarwa, wanda baya ƙasa da girma a mazaunin sa kawai ga jaguar kishiya, ya kai tsawon kusan 120-170 cm, kuma tare da jela - har zuwa 2.5 m. Tsayin jikin babban kyanwa mai girma daga 60 zuwa 75 cm, nauyi shine 75-100 kg ... Maza sun fi mata girma da kusan 30%.
Jaja mai jan launi a wuya da kirji na inuwa mai haske, a kan kai launin toka ne, kuma a kunnuwa da burushin wutsiya - a cikin launuka masu duhu masu kauri, kusan launi baƙi. Gaba ɗaya, ƙananan jikin yana da haske fiye da na sama.
Masu rarrafe da ke zaune a Arewacin Amurka an rarrabe su da azancin azurfa, kuma wakilan kudancin pampas, wurare masu zafi suna kusa da jan sautunan. Waɗannan sune kawai kuliyoyin Amurkawa masu launi mai kauri. Jawo na dabbobi gajere ne, mai kauri kuma mai yawa.
Shin dabbar dabba hakora masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ke ƙayyade shekarun mai farautar. Ana amfani da fang wajan cin ganima, kuma cikin sauki incisors kera nama da karya kasusuwa. Wutsiyar tsoka mai ƙarfi tana taimaka wa daidaituwar kyanwar Amurka yayin motsi da tsalle a kan farautar.
Jikin elongated mai sassauƙa ya bambanta ta musamman da alheri. Kan yana karami, kunnuwa karami ne, zagaye. Paws suna da ƙananan kuma suna da faɗi. Legsafafun baya suna da ƙarfi kuma sun fi na gaba ƙarfi. Adadin yatsun yatsun kafa daban-daban: a baya - huɗu, da na gaba - biyar.
Wurin zama cougar cougars Akwai shimfidar wurare daban-daban: duka filayen da ke dazuzzuka masu zafi, pampas, dausayi, da kuma manyan duwatsu masu ban sha'awa a Kudancin da Arewacin Amurka zuwa tsakiyar Kanada. Zakuna na azurfa suna gujewa tsaunukan arewa.
Mazaunin dabbobi yana da yawa, amma a farkon karnin da ya gabata, an kusa hallaka cougars a Amurka. Rarara dabbar daji har ma ya fara hora. Shekaru daga baya, ya yiwu a maido da yawan, dangane da lambobi da rarrabawa kwatankwacin damisa da lynxes. An lura da cewa cougar yana zaune galibi inda manyan abubuwan farautarta ke rayuwa - barewa. Hatta launin gashinsu iri daya ne.
Nau'in Cougar
Dangane da tsohuwar rarrabuwa, har zuwa rabe-raben 30 na cougar sun bambanta. Yanzu, bisa ga bayanan kwayoyin, an kirga manyan nau'ikan cougars guda 6. Rareananan raƙuman raƙuman ruwa shine Florida cougar, mai suna don mazaunin ta a kudancin Florida.
A lokacin rikicin, mutane 20 ne kawai. Dalilan da suka rasa rayukansu sun hada da malalewar fadamomin, daga cikinsu akwai dabbobin da ba safai ba, da kuma farautar masu farauta. Coananan cougar na Florida ƙanana ne a cikin girma da kuma ƙwanƙwasawa fiye da sauran dangi.
A cikin hoto puma
Riba cikin ƙarancin abu bakaken cougars ya dogara ne akan rahotanni marasa tushe da hasashe. A zahiri, maimakon baƙin cougars, an sami mutane masu launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, wanda kawai alama daga kwal yake daga nesa. Sabili da haka, babu tabbaci na ainihi game da kasancewar baƙar fata baƙin Ba'amurke tukuna.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Cougars dabbobin daji nejagorancin rayuwa mai nutsuwa shi kadai. Lokaci ne kawai na saduwa da juna ke motsa sha'awar juna, kuma ihun cat mai ƙarfi yana nuna samuwar ma'aurata.
Cougars suna zaɓar wasu yankuna na zama, iyakokin waɗanda aka yiwa alama tare da kewaye da ƙuƙumma akan bishiyoyi da fitsari. Yankunan gargajiya ya kamata a cika su da kayan farauta da wuraren mafaka. Yankuna masu dazuzzuka da filayen ciyawa wurare ne da aka fi so.
Yawan mutane na masu farauta ya dogara da wadatar abinci kuma yana iya kaiwa tsakanin mutane 1 zuwa 12 a kowace kilomita 80 80. Yankunan da ake farautar mazaje suna da yankuna da yawa daga 100 zuwa 750 km².
Makircin mata cougars sun fi ƙanƙanta, daga 30 zuwa 300 km². Motsi dabbobi a yankunansu yana da alaƙa da halaye na yanayi. Cougar yana ciyar da hunturu da bazara a wurare daban-daban.
Da rana, dabbobi sukan shiga rana a wani wuri ko kuma su huta a cikin wani keɓaɓɓen kogo. A magriba da daddare, ayyuka na karuwa. Lokaci ya yi da za a farautar farauta. Dabbobin sun saba da motsawa tare da gangaren dutse, suna iya hawa bishiyoyi suyi iyo da kyau.
Tsalle mai ƙarfi na 5-6 m a tsayi, fiye da mita 2 a tsayi da saurin gudu zuwa 50 km / h barin dama ga wanda aka azabtar. Arfi da juriya na cougars suna ba ka damar jimre wa jigilar gawarwaki, wanda nauyinsa ya ninka sau 5-7 nasa.
A dabi'a, kwalliyar ba ta da abokan gaba. Manya manyan dabbobi ne kaɗai ke iya jimre wa cougar, idan har cougar ta yi rauni saboda rashin lafiya ko ƙwarewar ƙarancin dabbobi. Ungiyoyin Wolf, jaguars, manyan mayuka lokaci-lokaci sukan kai hari kan cougar da kyanwarta idan sun ji sun fi.
Kusanci ba sa auka wa mutane, sai dai a lokuta idan aka ga mutum a matsayin mai zalunci: yana tafiya da sauri, ba zato ba tsammani ya bayyana, musamman da yamma ko farautar dare. A wasu halaye kuma, dabbobi sukan guji saduwa da mutane.
Cougar dabba ce mai haƙuri. Ba kamar damisa ba, wacce ke hauka a cikin tarko, cougar zai huce cikin sarƙaƙƙu cikin nutsuwa, koda kuwa zai ɗauki kwanaki da yawa.
Puma abinci
Abubuwan farautar cougars yawanci sune tsautsayi da nau'ikan dawa da yawa, da kuma wasu yankuna: caribou, tumakin babba. Cougar yana ci da yawa ƙananan dabbobi: squirrels, beavers, muskrats, raccoons, lynxes.
Masu farauta ba su rarrabe tsakanin dabbobi da daji ba, saboda haka raguna, aladu, kuliyoyi, karnuka na iya zama waɗanda ake zalunta. Ba ya raina beraye, katantanwa, kwadi, kwari.
Cougar na iya kama jimina, don kama biri mai ɓacin rai a cikin itace. Puma ta afkawa wata dabba babba ba zato ba tsammani a cikin tsalle mai ƙarfi, karya wuyansa da yawanta ko cizon haƙora da haƙoransa.
A cikin hoto, cougar tare da ɗiya
A koyaushe akwai dabbobin da aka kashe da yawa fiye da ikon cougar na cin wannan ganimar. Matsakaicin cin nama a shekara ya kai kilogiram 1300, wanda yake kusan 45-50 dabbobin kofato.
Bayan farauta, cougars suna ɓoye sauran gawawwakin a ƙarƙashin ganye, rassan ko rufe su da dusar ƙanƙara. Daga baya suna komawa wuraren asirtattun wurare. Indiyawan, da sanin haka, suka ɗauki sauran naman daga cougar yayin da suke ci gaba.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin dindindin na cougars gajere ne. An kafa ma'aurata tsawon makonni 2, sannan sun bambanta. Masu cin zarafi kawai da ke da rukunin yanar gizon su na iya yin kiwo. Maza suna saduwa da mata da yawa a yankunan da ke kewaye.
A cikin hoton, 'yar cougar
Ciki ya kai kwanaki 95. Daga 2 zuwa 6 makafin kittens ke haifuwa. Bayan kwanaki 10, idanu, kunnuwa a buɗe da hakora sun bayyana. An hango launin jariran, akwai zobba masu duhu a wutsiya, waɗanda ke ɓacewa yayin da suke girma.
Bayanin cougar kamar uwa tana dogara ne akan abubuwan lura a gidajen zoo. Mace bata barin kowa ya kusanci kyanwa da haihuwa kuma baya basu damar kallo. Bayan wata guda kawai, cougar zai dauke yaran a farkon tafiyarsu. Abinci mai kauri yana cikin abincin kittens daga watanni 1.5.
Kulawar uwa ga zuriya yakan kai kimanin shekaru 2. Sannan balaga tana farawa ne da neman yankin ta. Don wani lokaci, ana ajiye matasa a cikin rukuni, sannan sai su rabu.
Balaga na mace na faruwa a shekaru 2.5, kuma maza a shekaru 3. Matsakaicin rayuwar cougar a cikin yanayin yanayi ya kai shekaru 15-18, kuma a cikin fursuna fiye da shekaru 20.
Mai tsaron Cougar
Saboda iyawar cougar don rayuwa a wurare daban-daban, ana kiyaye yawan jama'a a cikin babban yanki. Florida kawai puma hada da zuwa Ja littafin da aka yiwa alama
Farauta don 'yan kwaya a yawancin jihohi an iyakance ko an hana ta, amma ana kashe dabbobi saboda lalacewar kiwo ko gonakin farauta.
A halin yanzu akwai ƙoƙari na ƙunsa cougar a matsayin dabbar dabba. Amma babban haɗarin tsaro ya kasance, saboda yana da son freedomanci da haƙuri. Kyakkyawan kuma mai ƙarfi zaki mai ƙarfi ya kasance ɗayan dabbobi masu iko da falala a duniya.
