Da zarar ya sauka daga gabar tekun Marwar ta Indiya, wani jirgin ruwa dauke da tsarkakakkun dawakan Larabawa ya lalace. Dawakai bakwai sun tsira kuma ba da daɗewa ba mazauna yankin suka kama su, waɗanda daga baya suka fara ƙetara su da ponan asalin Indiyawan. Don haka, baƙi bakwai daga jirgi mai faɗuwa sun kafa harsashi don irin na musamman marwari…
Wannan shine yadda tsohuwar tarihin Indiya take sauti, kodayake daga ra'ayi na kimiyya, tarihin asalin wannan nau'in na musamman ya ɗan bambanta. Kallo hoton marvari, kun fahimci cewa, hakika, ba tare da jinin Larabawa anan ba.
A cewar masana kimiyya, jinin jinsunan Mongoliya da dawakai daga kasashen da ke kan iyaka da Indiya: Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan da Afghanistan suna gudana a jijiyoyin wadannan dawakai.
Fasali da mazaunin dokin Marwari
Tarihin Marwari ya faro ne daga Zamanin Zamani. Haɗawa da kiyaye wannan nau'in an gudanar da shi ta wani rukuni na musamman na Rajputs, musamman dangin Rathor, waɗanda ke zaune a yammacin Indiya.
Sakamakon tsananin zaɓi ya kasance cikakkiyar dokin yaƙi - mai tauri, mara daɗi kuma mai alheri. Dokin dawakai na Marwari na iya tafiya ba tare da shan ruwa na dogon lokaci ba, yana wadatuwa da ƙananan tsire-tsire masu yawa na hamada da wadataccen Rajasthan, kuma a lokaci guda ya rufe manyan wurare a kan yashi.
Bayanin nau'in ya kamata farawa tare da mahimmin haske a cikin kamannin su - siffa ta musamman ta kunnuwa, wacce babu wani doki a duniya da ya ƙara samunta. Nutsuwa a ciki da taɓawa a duban tukwanen, waɗannan kunnuwa sun ba da damar sanin irin.
Kuma gaskiya ne Marvari irin da wuya a gauraye da wani. An gina dawakai Marvar da kyau: suna da kyawawan kafafu da dogayen ƙafafu, furucinsu ya bushe, wuya daidai gwargwado ga jiki. Kan su babba ya isa, tare da madaidaiciyar martaba.
Wani fasali na jinsin Marwari shine kunnuwa, a nade cikin.
Shahararrun kunnuwa na iya zuwa tsawon 15 cm kuma ana iya juya su 180 °. Tsayin da ya bushe na wannan nau'in ya bambanta dangane da yankin asalin, kuma yana cikin kewayon 1.42-1.73 m.
Kwarangwal din doki an kafa shi ne ta yadda mahaɗan kafada suke a ƙananan kusurwa zuwa ƙafafu fiye da sauran nau'ikan. Wannan fasalin yana bawa dabbar damar kar ta makale a cikin yashi kuma baya rasa saurin lokacin da yake motsawa akan irin wannan ƙasa mai nauyi.
Godiya ga wannan tsarin na kafaɗun, Marwari suna da tafiya mai sauƙi da sassauƙa, wanda kowane mahayi zai yaba. Hoovatan Marwari suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, don haka ba kwa buƙatar takalmi.
Tafiyar musamman, wacce a arewa maso yammacin Indiya, a Rajasthan, ana kiranta "revaal", ya zama wata alama ta musamman ta dawakan Marwar. Wannan amble na asali yana da matukar kyau ga mahayi, musamman ma a yanayin hamada.
Kyakyawan sauraro, wanda shima yake fifita wannan nau'in, ya bawa dokin damar sanin gaba game da haɗarin dake gabatowa da kuma sanar da mahayinsa game da shi. Game da kwat da wando, mafi yawan sananne sune ja da bay marwari. Dawakan Piebald da launin toka sune suka fi tsada. Indiyawan mutane ne masu camfi, a gare su hatta launin dabba na da wata ma'ana.
Don haka, dokin baƙin Marwari yana kawo bala'i da mutuwa, kuma ma'abocin farin safa da alamu a goshi, akasin haka, ana ɗaukarsa mai farin ciki. Farin dawakai na musamman ne, ana iya amfani dasu kawai a cikin tsafe tsafe.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar dokin Marwari
A cewar tsoffin litattafan Indiya, don mallaka marvari na doki kawai an ba da izini ga mafi girman ofan Kshatriyas, talakawa kawai suna iya mafarkin kyakkyawa doki kuma suna tunanin kansu akan doki kawai a cikin mafarkinsu. Tsohon Marvari ya yi tafiya a ƙarƙashin sirdin sanannun mayaƙa da masu mulki.
Wannan nau'in, wanda ke dauke da saurin, juriya, kyau da hankali, ya zama wani bangare na sojojin Indiya. Akwai ingantaccen bayani cewa a lokacin yaƙi da Manyan Mughals, Indiyawan sun sa nasu Dawakin Marwari jabun kututtube don giwayen abokan gaba su dauke su giwayen.
Bayan haka kuma, ba daidai ba, wannan dabarar ta yi aiki ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba: giwa ta bar mahayin ya kusanci har dokinsa ya tsaya a kan giwar, kuma jarumin Indiya, ya yi amfani da wannan lokacin, ya buga mahayin da mashi. A wancan lokacin, sojojin Maharaja sun kai fiye da dubu 50 irin wadannan masu bautar karya. Akwai labarai da yawa game da aminci da ƙarfin zuciyar dawakin wannan nau'in. Marvari ya kasance tare da maigidan da ya ji rauni a fagen fama har zuwa ƙarshe, yana fatattaka sojojin sojojin abokan gaba daga gare shi.
Saboda tsananin kaifin hankalinsu, dabi'arsu da kyakkyawan yanayinsu, dawakan yaki koyaushe sukan sami hanyar komawa gida, suna dauke da mahayi mai nasara a kansa, koda kuwa sun nakasa kansu. Dawakan Marwari na Indiya suna da sauƙin koyawa.
Babu wani hutun kasa da zai iya yi ba tare da dawakai na musamman ba. Sanye da tufafi masu launuka iri-iri, suna yin wata rawa a gaban masu sauraro, suna jan hankali da santsi da yanayin yanayin motsinsu. Wannan nau'in an kirkireshi ne kawai don ado, kodayake ban da wannan, a yau ana amfani da shi a wasannin circus da wasanni (wasan dawakai na dawakai).
Marwari abinci
Dawakin Marwar, waɗanda aka ciyar da su a tsakanin tsaunukan yashi na lardin Rajasthan na Indiya, ba tare da ciyayi ba, sam ba su da abinci. An haɓaka ikonsu na rashin abinci tsawon kwanaki da yawa ƙarnuka. Babban abu shine doki koyaushe yana da tsaftataccen ruwa mai kyau, kodayake waɗannan dabbobin suna haƙuri da ƙishi da mutunci.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar dokin marwari
Ba za ku sami marwari a cikin daji ba. Zuriyar dangin dangi masu kama da yaki na lardin Rajasthan, ko kuma yankin Marwar, sun tsunduma cikin kiwon su; ana kula da kiyaye nau'in a matakin jihar. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawan Marwari a Indiya yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa koyaushe, wannan labari ne mai daɗi. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, dawakan Marwar suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru 25-30.
Sayi marvari a Rasha ba sauki ba ne, in fadi gaskiya, kusan ba zai yiwu ba. A Indiya, an hana fitar da wadannan dawakai a wajen kasar. An keɓance wani banda a cikin 2000 don Ba'amurken nan Francesca Kelly, wanda ya zama mai tsara Horsungiyar Asalin Horsan Asalin Indiya.
Labari ne tsakanin mahayan dawakai cewa dawakai Marwari biyu ne kawai ke zaune a cikin keɓaɓɓun ɗakuna a cikin Rasha, amma yadda aka kawo su, da kuma yadda doka ta kasance, dawakai ne da kansu da kuma masu dukiya masu yawa suka sani.
A cikin hoton akwai dabbar dawakai
Magoya bayan Rasha na waɗannan shahararrun dawakan ba su da wani zaɓi illa su ziyarci mahaifarsu ta tarihi a matsayin wani ɓangare na yawon dawakai, ko siyan mutum-mutumi marwari "Breuer" - ainihin kwafin asalin doki daga sanannen kamfanin Amurka. Kuma, tabbas, muna fatan wata rana za'a sami wadatar wannan ajiyar ta Rajasthan don siyarwa a cikin Tarayyar Rasha.
