Kwarin kifi sune zuriyar tsofaffin mazaunan duniya
Maɗaura da kadoji suna da kamanceceniya da juna kamar dangi na odar vertebrates na cikin ruwa. Menene bambanci tsakanin kada da kifi, 'yan sani. Amma wadannan nau'ikan halittu masu rarrafe an kasafta su a matsayin wakilan da ba kasafai ake samunsu ba na masu farauta, wadanda jinsinsu yakai miliyoyin shekaru. Sunyi nasarar tsira saboda mazauninsu, wanda ya ɗan canza kaɗan tun zamanin da.
Fasali da mazaunin kada
Akwai nau'ikan kifi iri biyu kawai: Ba'amurke da Sinawa, gwargwadon mazauninsu. Wasu sun zauna a cikin yankin bakin teku mai tsayi na Tekun Mexico da ke dab da Tekun Atlantika, yayin da wasu ke zaune a wani yanki mafi iyaka a cikin Kogin Yangtze da ke gabashin China.
Ana fuskantar barazanar kadawar dan China a cikin daji. Baya ga kogin, ana samun mutane a ƙasar noma, suna rayuwa a cikin ramuka masu zurfin zurfin ruwa da tafkuna.
Ana ajiye kadafa a cikin yanayi na kariya na musamman don ceton nau'in, kimanin wakilai 200 har yanzu ana kirga su a cikin China. A Arewacin Amurka, babu barazanar dabbobi masu rarrafe. Baya ga yanayi na ɗabi'a, an zaunar da su a cikin ɗimbin yawa. Yawan mutane sama da miliyan 1 ba ya haifar da damuwa da kiyaye nau'in.
Babban bambancin da ke bayyane tsakanin kifi da kadoji yana cikin bayanan kwanyar. Kogin dokin koki ko mara kyau alligatorskuma a kadoji bakin bakin yana da kaifi, kuma haƙori na huɗu dole ya fito ta cikin ruɓaɓɓiyar muƙamuƙin. Sabani, wa ya fi kada ko kifi, ko da yaushe yanke shawara a cikin ni'imar da kada.
Babban kifi, mai nauyin kusan tan da tsawon mita 5.8, ya rayu ne a jihar Louisiana ta Amurka. Manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe na zamani sun kai mita 3-3.5, masu nauyin 200-220.
Dangin China sun fi ƙanana girma, yawanci suna girma har zuwa mita 1.5-2, kuma mutanen da ke da tsawon mita 3 sun kasance ne kawai a cikin tarihi. Mata na duka biyun nau'in kada kullum karancin maza. Gabaɗaya masu girma dabam kasa da manyan kada.
Launin jinsin ya dogara da kalar tafkin. Idan yanayi ya cika da algae, to dabbobi zasu sami ɗanɗano kore. Yawancin dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da launi mai duhu mai duhu, launin ruwan kasa, kusan baƙar fata, musamman a cikin dausayi, a cikin tafkunan da ke cikin ruwan tannic acid. Ciki mai launin kirim mai haske.
Farantin ƙashi suna kare baƙon Ba'amurke daga baya, kuma mazaunin Sinawa gaba ɗaya ya rufe su, ciki har da ciki. A gajeren ƙafafun gaba akwai yatsun kafa biyar ba tare da yanar gizo ba, a ƙafafun bayan - hudu.
Idanu suna da launin toka, tare da garkuwar kasusuwa. Hakanan hancin dabba yana da kariya ta wasu fata na musamman wadanda suke sauka kasa kuma basa barin ruwa ya shiga idan kitson ya nitse cikin zurfin. Akwai hakora 74 zuwa 84 a bakin dabbobi masu rarrafe, wadanda aka maye gurbinsu da sababbi bayan asara.
Wutsiya mai ƙarfi da sassauƙa tana rarrabe kagaggun halittu daga jinsunan. Ya zama kusan rabin duka tsawon jiki. Wannan, watakila mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren aikin dabba:
- sarrafa motsi a cikin ruwa;
- yana aiki a matsayin "shebur" a cikin ginin nests;
- makami ne mai karfi wajen yakar makiya;
- yana ba da ajiyar kitsen mai na watannin hunturu.
Maɗaura suna zaune galibi a cikin ruwan sabo, ya bambanta da kada, waɗanda ke iya tace gishirin cikin ruwan teku. Kadai wurin haɗin gwiwa na masu taruwa shine jihar Florida ta Amurka. Dabbobi masu rarrafe sun zauna cikin rafuffuka masu gudana a hankali, korama da dausayi.
Yanayi da salon rayuwa na kada
Ta hanyar rayuwa, alligators sune masu ban sha'awa. Amma manyan wakilan jinsin ne kawai ke iya kamewa da kare yankinsu. Suna da kishin cin amana a shafin su kuma suna nuna ta'adi. Animalsananan dabbobi suna ajiye a ƙananan rukuni.
Dabbobi suna yin iyo da kyau, suna sarrafa jelarsu kamar jirgin ruwa mai yawo. A saman duniya, kadoji suna sauri, suna gudu cikin sauri har zuwa kilomita 40 / h, amma don tazara kaɗan. Ayyuka masu rarrafe suna da yawa tsakanin watan Afrilu da Oktoba, a lokacin yanayi mai dumi.
Tare da saurin sanyi, shirye-shirye na dogon bacci fara. Dabbobi suna haƙa ramuka a yankunan bakin teku tare da ɗakunan kwana don hunturu. Bacin rai har zuwa 1.5 m da 15-25 m tsawon suna ba da dama dabbobi masu rarrafe su sami mafaka lokaci guda.
Dabbobi ba sa karɓar abinci a cikin ɓarna. Wasu mutane kawai suna ɓoye cikin laka, amma suna barin hancinsu sama da saman don iskar oxygen ta shiga. Yanayin yanayin hunturu da ƙarancin ƙasa da 10 ° C, amma har ma alligators masu sanyi suna jurewa sosai.
Tare da shigowar bazara, dabbobi masu rarrafe sun dusashe cikin rana na dogon lokaci, suna tayar da jikinsu. Duk da yawan nauyin jikinsu, dabbobi suna saurin farauta. Babban haɗarinsu ya haɗiye kai tsaye, kuma ana fara jan manyan samfura ƙarƙashin ruwa, sannan a tsattsage su ko a barsu su ruɓe da lalacewar gawar.
Baƙin Amurka wanda aka sani da maginin sabon tafki. Dabbar ta tono wani kududdufi a wani yanki mai fadama, wanda yake cike da ruwa kuma dabbobi da tsirrai ke zaune a ciki. Idan jikin ruwa ya bushe, rashin abinci na iya haifar da cutar cin naman mutane.
Dabbobi masu rarrafe sun fara binciken sabbin hanyoyin ruwa. Mawaƙa suna sadarwa da juna ta hanyar sautin tsawa. Waɗannan na iya zama barazanar, kiran saɓo, ruri, gargaɗin haɗari, kiran ƙuruciya da sauran sautuka.
Saurari rowar kada
A cikin hoton, kifi mai kama da 'yar ƙafa
Abincin kifi
Abincin gandun daji ya haɗa da duk abin da zai kama. Amma sabanin kada, ba wai kifi ko nama kawai ke zama abinci ba, har ma da fruitsa fruitsan itace da ganyen shuke-shuke. Dabba tana cikin farauta, zai fi dacewa da daddare, kuma tana kwana cikin rami da rana.
Individualsananan mutane suna cin katantanwa, ɓawon burodi, kwari, kunkuru. Girma kada, kamar yadda cin kada babban wanda aka azabtar a cikin sifar tsuntsaye, dabba mai shayarwa. Yunwa na iya sa ka cin mushe.
Mawaƙa ba ta da rikici ga mutane, sai dai idan sun tsokano dabbobi a cikin mazaunansu. Dabbobi masu rarrafe na kasar Sin ana daukar su a matsayin mafiya nutsuwa, amma an samu rikodin hare-hare ba safai ba.
Kada, kifi da kifi har ma suna farautar aladun daji, shanu, beyar da sauran manyan dabbobi. Don jimre wa abin farauta, da farko an nutsar da shi, sannan kuma an latsa muƙamuƙan kan sassa don haɗiyewa. Riƙe wanda aka azabtar da haƙoransa, suna jujjuya layinsu har sai da gawa ta tsage. Mafi yawan zubar jini da zafin rai na danginsa, tabbas, kada ne.
Dabbobi masu rarrafe na iya jiran farauta na sa’o’i, kuma idan abu mai rai ya bayyana, harin ya ɗauki sakan. Ana jefa jelar a gaba don kama wanda aka azabtar. Kwari sun hadiye beraye, muskrats, nutria, agwagwa, karnuka duka. Kada ka raina maciji da kadangaru. Baƙi masu wuya da bawo ana ƙasa da haƙoransu, kuma ragowar abinci ana kurkure su cikin ruwa, suna ba da baki.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rayuwar kifi
Girman kifi yana tantance girmanta. Jinsunan Amurka suna yin kiwo lokacin da tsayinsu ya wuce cm 180, kuma dabbobi masu rarrafe na kasar Sin, masu karamin girma, sun shirya tsaf domin saduwa da tsawonsu sama da mita.
A lokacin bazara, mace takan shirya gida a ƙasa daga ciyawa da tsire-tsire waɗanda aka haɗu da laka. Adadin kwai ya dogara da girman dabbar, a matsakaita daga guda 55 zuwa 50. Gidajen an rufe su da ciyawa yayin shiryawa.
Hoto hoton kifi ne na kada
Jima'i na jariri ya dogara da yawan zafin jiki a cikin gida. Zafin rana da ya wuce kima na inganta bayyanar maza, da sanyi - mata. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na 32-33 ° C yana haifar da ci gaban mata da maza.
Shiryawa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 60-70. Theararrakin jarirai alama ce ta tono gida-gida. Bayan ƙyanƙyashe, mace na taimaka wa jariran zuwa ruwa. A duk shekara, ana ci gaba da kulawa da zuriya, wanda ke girma a hankali kuma yana buƙatar kariya.
Da shekara biyu, tsawon samari bai wuce cm 50-60 ba. Kwarin kifi suna rayuwa tsawan shekaru 30-35. Masana sunyi imanin cewa lokacin zaman su a cikin dabi'a na iya ƙaruwa har zuwa karni.
