Fasali da mazaunin bishiyar katako
Woodworm irin ƙwaro yana nufin dangin barbel. Sauran sunan shi itace katako na gida, ya karɓi wannan sunan azaman kwaro mai cutarwa. Saboda gidan, wanda yake zama a ciki, bayan ɗan lokaci ka iya juyawa zuwa dutsen ƙura, wanda da alama an sare shi da gatari.
Manyan ƙwaro sunada ƙanana, girman su kimanin cm 2. Jikinsu yana kwance, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko baƙi. An rufe shi da ƙananan ƙananan furfura masu furfura. Garkuwar tana da siffa kamar zuciya, wacce aka raba ta layi mai tsayi, kuma kiran waya suna gefen gefen.
A kunkuntar kaiitacen icce akwai m rugose punctures suna nan. Babban gashin-baki wanda yake fitowa daga gareshi ya isa tsakiyar elytra. Suna da launuka biyu-ko fari-masu launin toka-toka, wanda ya kunshi yawan gashi.
A cikin Rasha, ana samun wannan kwaro ko'ina, ban da arewa mai nisa. Abu ne gama gari kwari, da kuma a wasu yankuna na Turai da Asiya, amma aka kawo itacen icce bazata zuwa Amerika da New Zealand. Inda ya sami tushe sosai kuma ya hayayyafa da kyau.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar ƙwarin katako
A dabi'a, yana zaɓar gandun daji masu raɗaɗi don rayuwa. Masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa warin ƙamshi ne ke jan hankalin mata na wannan nau'in ƙwaro. Adadin kwan da aka kwantawa ya dogara da zafinsa. Mafi kyawun yanayi don waɗannan kwari shine tare da yanayin iska mai ɗumi. Akwai su da yawa musamman a yankunan bakin teku da kuma gabar teku.
Gidaje don zama katako lalacewa kuma galibi daga itacen pine, spruce ko itacen yanke itace. Suna tashi da sauri da nesa kuma suna iya matsawa daga wani gini zuwa wancan, suna lalata layin waya da tarho a kan hanya.
Bincike da gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa ƙwaro zai iya kamuwa da gidajen da shekarunsu suka kai 15. Kuma da kyar suke taba sababbi. Buildingsananan gine-gine masu hawa ɗaya kuma sun fi kyau a gare su.
Mafi yawanci, ƙwaro irin ƙwaro yana tashi da dare, kuma ana iya ganin su kusa da kunna fitilar kan titi. Da rana, suna ta rarrafe a hankali akan windowsill ko kayan daki. Akwai kwari da yawa musamman a lokacin saduwa, lokacin da suka bar wuraren da suke, kuma suna haihuwa cikin sauri. Kunnawa hoto kana iya ganin kwaro itacen icce.
Itace ba ta cinye katakon beraye masu girma ba, amma ta yawancin larvae. Zasu iya rayuwa a cikin bishiya kusan shekaru 8 kuma suyi "huda" ramuka mai tsawon kilomita 40. Kashi 99% na lalacewar gidan shine cancantarsu, kuma kashi 1% kawai ke lalacewa kai tsaye ta hanyar ƙwayoyin katako.
Abu ne mai sauki ka ga alamun alamun kwari a gida. Da fari dai, manya suna yawo suna rarrafe a cikin gida, kuma abu na biyu, yawancin lalacewar itacen. Suna kama da ƙura mai ƙwarin rawaya, wanda yake kama da mustard busashshe, kuma akwai ƙananan ramuka masu kyau a kusa.
A cikin hoto, hanyoyin katako a cikin katako
A kansu lalata katako kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Laryan tsutsarsu suna zaune cikin zurfin katako. Masu ƙwarewa na iya aiki ta hanyoyi da yawa don kawar da waɗannan kwari.
Ana amfani da guba, wanda ake yi wa allura a cikin gidan katako, sai a fara jika itacen a ciki, kuma idan tsutsar ta isa wurin, sai su mutu. Ana iya amfani da maganin gas, amma wannan yana yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin gida.
Hanya mafi haɓaka ita ce saka iska a cikin microwave. Yana da mafi aminci ga mutane. Ana gudanar da katako, kamar a cikin murhun ingininah, a saman farfajiyar katako, kuma manya da manyan ƙwarin da ƙwarinsu da ke rayuwa a ciki suna ƙonewa.
Domin hana kamuwa da cutar kwari a gida - katako, Ya isa aiwatar tare da musamman m Tsarin katako na katako. Wannan ya kamata a yi kowace shekara.
Kafinta ƙwaro a cikin itace
Kayan abinci mai gina jiki irin na Woodworm
Ciyarwa yana faruwa musamman a cikin ƙwaro a matakin larva na ci gaba. Motsi, suna wucewa a saman wata itacen bazara, wanda aka toshe shi da abinci da ragowar najasa.
Suna cinye laushi masu laushi na itacen, kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, kar a taɓa ainihin. Gaba ɗaya itace ya cinye gaba ɗaya, kuma saman bishiyar bazai yuwu da takarda ba. Saboda haka, ba shi yiwuwa a lura da lalacewar da ido mara kyau.
Bambanci tsakanin tsutsayen gidan katako shine narkar da itacen yana faruwa ba tare da taimakon furotin da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ba. Amma idan bishiyar ta lalace ta hanyar naman gwari, to ci gaban tsutsa yana kara sauri sau da yawa. A dakin gwaje-gwaje, kwandunan katako da aka ciyar da amino acid da pectin sun ninka sau 15 cikin sauri.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na itacen bishiyar woodworm
Kafinta ƙwaro namiji. Mata sun fi maza girma kaɗan kuma ana iya banbanta su ta baya, maza suna da ƙaramar daraja. Shekarunsu na farawa a lokacin rani, daga tsakiyar Yuni zuwa ƙarshen Agusta.
Tsawan rayuwar mace baliga kusan kwanaki 26 ne; zata fara yin kwai nan da nan bayan ta sadu kuma tayi kwana 12. Kwancen kansa yana faruwa a cikin ratar itace mai mutuƙa, zuwa zurfin cm 3. Adadin ƙwai ya dogara da abubuwan waje kuma ya kasance daga ƙwai 200-400. Su fari ne, masu santsi, sun ɗan tsayi kuma sun faɗaɗa a wani ƙarshen, kuma sun ba da rance ga ɗayan.
Bayan makonni 2, tsutsa ta fito. Suna da ingantacciyar muƙamuƙi, da faɗi mai faɗi da idanu uku, waɗanda suke kusa da na'urar bakin. Tsutsayen Woodworm haske mai haske mai haske wanda ba a iya gani cilia. Suna motsawa a cikin bishiyar tare da hanyoyin da kansu suka cinye.
A cikin hoton akwai tsutsa mai katako
Larananan larvae suna shirya rami don rani, da faɗaɗa tafarkin, ba su shimfiɗar jariri. Sukan rufe shi da aski kuma su yi masa bulo da garin hakowa. A cikin matakin pupa, ƙwayoyin berayen woodworm suna yin wata ɗaya. Pupation, suna daukar kamannin kokon tare da zagaye kansa mai zagaye a bayan kai, kuma a ciki akwai kananan spines wadanda suke samar da tarin oval.
Bayan samari da ƙwaro sun sami ƙarfi kuma sun sami ƙarfi, sai su bar shimfiɗar jariri ta ramin oval. Dukkanin cigaban cigaban bishiyar katako yana daga shekaru 2 zuwa 10. Kuma saurin ta ya dogara da yanayin zafin jiki, danshi da kuma kayan abinci na itacen da ake ci.
Itacen katako yana da abokan gaba na halitta. Wani lokacin danshin danshi kanyi parasitizes akan larvae dinsa. Hakanan, wasu nau'ikan ƙwaro ne suke cinye su, misali, ɓawon gidan.
A cikin hoton, ƙwaro shine itacen bishiyar motley
Maimaita malam buɗe ido shima dangin waɗannan kwari ne - warin itace mai kamshi... Jinsi ne na dare, fukafukinsa masu launin toka-kalar ruwan toka an rufe su da alamar marmara masu launin toka-fari. An rufe ciki mai duhu, mai kauri da sikeli masu haske.
Caterpillars na waɗannan kwari suma kwari ne, amma suna lalata itacen bishiyar bishiyar fruita fruitan itace: apple, buckthorn na teku, pear, gyada da sauransu. Abu ne mafi sauki a ma'amala dasu, yayin kula da kututture da guba ko sare bishiyoyin da suka lalace.
A dabi'a, waɗannan kwari ba sa fuskantar barazanar halaka. Amma akwai jinsuna guda ɗaya waɗanda aka lissafa a cikin Littafin Ja - wannan baƙar fata ne turken kafinta... Nau'in gandun daji na manyan kwari, tsawonsu yakai cm 1.5. Suna rayuwa cikin farin ciki da sharewa. An gina tururuwa a cikin tsofaffin kututture da kuma tarkace na itace. Kuma suna kamar sauran tururuwa - umarnin daji.
