Daphnia yana nufin ga cladocerans, wannan nau'in halittar kananan crustaceans yana da nau'ikan sama da 150. Duk wani masanin ruwa mai daraja kansa ya san yadda suke. daphnia crustaceanstunda sun zama sanannen abinci ga yawancin nau'ikan kifin akwatin kifaye.
Fasali da mazaunin Daphnia
Dogaro da irin daphnia, girman su na iya kaiwa daga 0.2 mm zuwa 6 mm, don haka kuyi nazari tsarin daphnia mai yiwuwa ne kawai a karkashin madubin hangen nesa. Jikin waɗannan ɓawon burodi yana da siffa mai tsayi, an rufe shi da garkuwar musamman ta bawuloli guda biyu (carapace), wanda ke kiyaye gabobin ciki.
Hakanan an rufe kai da kwalliyar chitinous kuma yana da fitowar kama da baki (rastrum), a ƙarƙashin eriya na ƙasan baya take, waɗanda ke yin aikin ƙamshi.
Girman eriyar eriya ta baya yafi birgewa fiye da waɗanda ke gaba; babban aikin su shine motsa daphnia. Don wannan fasalin daphnia gama gari galibi ana kiranta da "ƙwanƙwan ruwa".
Kan kan crustacean ido ne mai hade - gabobin da ba a gyara ba wanda ke da alhakin gani. Ocellus nauplial yana nan ƙasa da facen facen ocellus.
Phafafun kafafu na Daphnia, an rufe shi da yawa, suna aiki a matsayin wani nau'in matattara ta inda crustacean ke wuce algae unicellular da kwayoyin da aka dakatar a cikin ruwa. Legsafafu suna yin bugun jini 500 a minti daya.
Daphnia hoto, wanda aka ɗauka a ɗaukakar girma, ya sa ya yiwu a ga tsarin ciki na crustacean. Godiya ga harsashin translucent, zuciya, hanji a bayyane yake a fili, kuma a cikin mata - jakar burodi tare da amfrayo da yawa.
Ana iya samun Daphnia na wani nau'i ko wani a kusan kowane ruwa mai tsafta - daga ƙaramin kandami zuwa rami mai zurfi. Akwai wasu wakilai na wannan jinsin na crustaceans a Eurasia, da Kudanci da Arewacin Amurka, har ma da Antarctica.
Wani muhimmin al'amari a rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun shine ruwa mai tsafta, wanda a cikinsa akwai mafi ƙarancin adadin ƙwayoyin ƙasa. Shiga cikin ruwan famfo, daphnia yana tace kasa tare da algae kuma a hankali ya toshe hanjinsu.
Cin hatsin yashi ya taru kuma baya barin crustacean ta motsa gaba daya, da sannu zai mutu. Daphnia yana da matukar damuwa da gurɓatar muhalli, saboda haka galibi ana amfani dashi yayin bincika ingancin ruwa a tafkunan ruwa.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar Daphnia
Daphnia ya fi son kashe yawancin rayuwarsa a cikin rukunin ruwa, inda suke ci gaba da tace ruwa mai ƙanƙanci tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Haka kuma, daphnia tana rayuwa daga sanyin hunturu, idan bata bacci.
Abinci
Blue-koren algae, yisti da ƙwayoyin cuta sune babban abincin daphine. An lura da yawan algae unicellular a cikin "tafkunan furanni", inda, in babu yawan kifaye, daphnia yana rayuwa mai kyau kuma yana hayayyafa musamman sosai.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Haɓaka mai ban sha'awa daphnia - aji crustaceans suna da irin wannan fasalin kamar parthenogenesis. Wannan shine ikon hayayyafa ba tare da hawan kai tsaye ba.
Lokacin da yanayin rayuwar wannan jinsi na crustaceans ke da kyau, matan Daphnia suna hayayyafa ta hanyar parthenogenesis, suna haihuwar mata kawai.
A kan matsakaici, mutum ɗaya yakan haifi zuriya a cikin adadin nauplii 10, wanda hakan zai iya samun damar haifuwa tuni a rana ta 4 bayan haihuwa. A lokacin rayuwarta, daphnia mace na kawo zuriya har sau 25.
Lokacin da yanayin muhalli ya tabarbare, ana haihuwar maza, kuma ƙarni masu zuwa na ɓawon burodi za su sake yin ƙwai waɗanda ke buƙatar haɗawa. Qwai daphniawanda aka kirkira a lokacin irin wannan, yayi girma zuwa kananan amfrayo, an rufe su da harsashi na kariya na musamman kuma suna shiga cikin bacci.
A wannan yanayin, amintattun Daphnia zasu iya rayuwa da fari da kuma tsananin sanyi. Generationarnin na gaba zai sake hayayyafa ne kawai ga mata waɗanda zasu iya aiwatar da cututtukan cikin gida.
Wani fasalin mai ban sha'awa na Daphnia shine cyclomorphosis. A yanayi daban-daban na shekara, ana haihuwar mutane cikin ɗumbin mutane, daban-daban a sifofin jiki.
Don haka, al'ummomin bazara na daphnia suna da allurar jela mai tsayi da kuma girma akan hular. Daga cikin ra'ayoyi da yawa game da yiwuwar irin waɗannan canje-canjen, babban ana ɗauka kariya ne daga masu farauta, waɗanda suka fi aiki a lokacin bazara.
Tsawon rayuwar Daphnia gajere ne kuma ya fara ne daga makonni 3 zuwa watanni 5, ya danganta da nau'in. Manyan jinsuna kamar su Daphnia Magna sun fi sauran theiran uwan su tsawon rai.
Rayuwar daphnia kuma ta dogara da yanayin zafin ruwan - mafi girma shi ne, saurin ci gaba da saurin ci gaba, jiki yana haɓaka da sauri, yana saurin tsufa da sauri kuma yana mutuwa.
Farashin Daphnia a cikin hanyar abinci
Tare da wasu crustaceans, daphnia kuma Gammarus ana hayayyafa da kasuwanci. Kiwo daphnia a gida ba ya kawo matsala mai yawa.
Ya isa ya ɗauki filastik ko gilashin gilashi, haɗa yanayi da ƙirƙirar yanayi don kyakkyawan haifuwa na algae mai shuɗi-shuɗi mai haske da yanayin zafin jiki mai karko.
A cikin hoto, bushe daphnia don kifi
Rayuwa daphnia, mai sanyi da busasshe, kyakkyawan abinci ne ga mazaunan akwatin kifaye. Dry daphnia don kifi ya zama kyakkyawan tushen furotin, saboda abubuwan da ke ciki sun wuce 50% na nauyin nauyin abinci gaba ɗaya.
Gammarus, shrimp brine, daphnia - abinci fiye da araha. Don haka, kunshin busasshen gammarus ko daphnia tare da ƙarar 100 ml ba zai wuce 20-50 rubles ba, mai sanyi - ɗan tsada kaɗan - 80-100 rubles.
Hakanan abinci mai rai ba sabon abu bane a shagunan dabbobi na zamani, amma ba a adana su na dogon lokaci kuma sun ɗan bambanta da ƙimar abinci mai kyau daga takwarorinsu masu sanyi.
