Fasali da mazaunin dutsen tumaki
Ana kiran ragunan tsaunuka rukunin dabbobi masu ƙyallen kafa - membobin dangin bovids, waɗanda suke da kama da juna, kama da waɗansu hanyoyi, tumakin gida, shanu na musk da awakin tsaunuka.
Zai yuwu a rarrabe daga raguna na ƙarshe waɗanda akasari ta ƙahoni masu ban sha'awa, a ɓangaren giciye yana da fasali mai zagaye, haka nan kuma ta hanyar girma, girma mai gina jiki, gaɓaɓɓun gabobi da rashi gemu.
Namun daji dutse, kwatankwacin tumakin gida, ya fi siriri, kuma ƙahonin sun fi ƙarfi. Hakazalika da waɗannan dabbobin kuma ragunan shuɗi ne da shuke-shuke, waɗanda suke tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsakanin raguna na kowa da awakin dutse.
Raguna na kan dutse matsakaici ne zuwa babba. Kuma asali ta girman nau'insu, wanda masana kimiyya suka kai kusan bakwai, an tsara su kuma sun bambanta a tsakanin su.
Mafi ƙarancin wakilin wannan rukunin shine mouflon. Wadannan dabbobin suna da kusan 75 cm a tsayi, suna kai nauyin 25 zuwa 46 kg. Jagoran tsakanin jinsunan shine argali - babban wakilin wannan rukuni. Irin wadannan mazauna tsaunukan wani lokacin sukan kai nauyin 100, maza har zuwa kilogiram 220, suna kaiwa tsayinsu sama da mita.
Kamar yadda kake gani akan hoton tumaki na dutse, girman kai da kwalliyar irin wadannan dabbobi ƙahonninsu ne, an karkace su ta wata hanya ta asali cikin karkace, an juyar da su ta hanya daban-daban.
Maɗaukaki mafi girma da nauyi (mai nauyin kilogram 35) ƙahonin shine Altai tumakin dutsen, shine wakili mafi girma na irin waɗannan dabbobi (a matsakaita, mutane suna da nauyin kilogram 180).
Koyaya, nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan mutane ne, tare da kimanin mutane kusan 700 kawai. Dangane da wannan yanayin, a cikin Rasha waɗannan mazaunan tsaunuka suna cikin Red Book.
Launin dabbobi, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, yana tallatawa, yana da launin toka-ja ko launin ruwan kasa, amma wani ɓangare na ƙafafu, yankin baya da ciki, a mafi yawan lokuta, ana zana su fari.
Koyaya, akwai wadatattun keɓaɓɓu. Misali, raguna masu sikirin-kafafu ana rarrabe su da launuka masu kalar launin toka mai haske ko launuka fari, kuma ana bambanta bayyanar maned da launuka masu launin ja-ja.
Tumakin tsaunuka sun sami nasarar zama kusan dukkanin yankunan tsaunuka na Arewacin Hemisphere, ana samun su sosai a cikin Asiya, amma ana samun su a cikin tsaunuka da yawa na Turai, da kuma arewacin Afirka da Amurka, sun gwammace zama a ƙananan tsaunuka, sabanin awaki. Daya daga cikin jinsunan wadannan dabbobi: raguna masu kaurin kiba, ana kuma samunsu a cikin hamada dake gindin tsaunuka.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar tumakin dutse
Ragunan daji ba sa barin wuraren zama, amma ya danganta da lokacin da suke yin ƙananan motsi na yanayi, a lokacin bazara suna hawa sama zuwa ƙwanƙolin duwatsu masu tudu kuma suna sheƙu cikin garken kawuna da yawa.
Kuma a lokacin hunturu suna gangarowa zuwa tsaunukan tsaunuka, suna yin manyan gungu, adadinsu ya kai kawuna 1000. Kowane ɗayan maza da mata tare da zuriyarsu yawanci ana ajiye su daban kuma suna yin garken garken. Yawancin lokaci yakan faru ne cewa manyan, ƙarfi, masu ƙarfin gwiwa gaba ɗaya su kaɗai suke.
Yayin sadarwa, wadannan dabbobin basa nuna gaba ga juna. Don faɗakar da masu haɗari game da haɗari, rago mai hankali da hankali zai iya ba da alamun sauti. Bugun dabbobi yana da rauni da ƙaramar sauti.
Lokacin fuskantar abokan gaba, waɗannan halittun tuddai suna iya nuna azanci, amfani da hanyar fita da gujewa haɗari cikin lokaci. Suna tafiya da talauci a saman dutsen, amma suna iya tsalle daidai daga dutse zuwa dutse. Tumakin dutse yana iya ɗaukar tsayi fiye da tsayinsa, kuma a tsayi suna tsalle mita 3-5.
Tsuntsaye masu farauta irin su gaggafa ta zinariya da gaggafa, da kuma manyan dabbobi kamar cougars, damisar dusar ƙanƙara da kerkeci, kuma a wasu ɓangarorin duniya masu farauta, cheetah da damisa, na iya zama barazana ga waɗannan dabbobin tsaunin.
Rago na tsaunin ba shi da sauki haka, don haka da yawa daga cikin masu cin kashin kansu suna kokarin saukar da dabbobin ne, su tilasta musu fadawa cikin rami, sannan su riski wadanda suka ji rauni ko wadanda suka mutu su cinye su.
Tun fil azal, mutumin da yake farautar dabbobi don kitse da nama, yana yin kyawawan kyaututtuka da abubuwan tunawa daga ƙahoninsu masu kyau da kawuna, shi ma haɗari ne ga tumakin dutsen tun fil azal.
A sakamakon irin wannan aiki, da kuma gidan wasu nau'ikan tumaki da yaduwar kiwon shanu, yawan tumakin da ke kan tsaunuka galibi suna fuskantar babbar illa.
Yawan tumakin da ke kan tudu da wayewar ɗan adam sun fuskanta tun fil azal. Wadannan dabbobin, sun yadu ko'ina cikin duniya, galibi sun zama gwaraza na tsaffin tsafe-tsafe.
Kuma ƙahonin rago tsakanin mutanen Asiya an ɗauke su da kayan tsafi. Dabbobin cikin gida suna da saiwa sosai kuma suna hayayyafa ba tare da matsala ba, kuma suna haɗuwa da tumaki, suna haifar da matasan.
Abinci
Raguna namomin jeji ne, wanda shine dalilin da yasa suke amfani da nau'ikan, musamman ciyayi, na yankin tsaunukan da suke, amma ga duk sauran nau'ikan abinci, dabbobi sun fi son hatsi.
Koyaya, basu da ma'ana sosai, saboda haka zasu iya wadatuwa da nau'ikan abinci mara nauyi. Tumakin tsaunuka suna farin cikin cin rassan bishiya, alal misali, itacen oak ko maple, da kuma shuke-shuke iri-iri. Samun tarin lemun gishiri, suna haɗama da gishiri daga gare su, suna biyan bukatun jiki na ma'adanai.
Wadannan dabbobin suma suna bukatar wadatattun hanyoyin samun ruwa mai tsafta, amma raguna masu zama a hamada galibi suna da rauni ƙwarai da gaske don biyan waɗannan nau'ikan buƙatun. Jikin dabbobi yana shirya don hunturu, yana tara tarin mai.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Za'a iya rarrabe ragon tsaunin namiji daga mace ta hanyar kamanninta. Girman jikinsu ɗaya ne da rabi, wani lokacin ma ya ninka su biyu. Bugu da kari, kahonnin mata galibi masu lankwasa ne kuma gajeru a girma. Tsawonsu bai fi 35 cm ba, yayin da maza tumakin dutse, ƙaho na iya zama na girman mita.
A cikin hoton, matashin ragon dutse
Lokacin daddawa ga dabbobi yana farawa ne a ƙarshen kaka, yawanci a watan Nuwamba. Wannan lokacin yana tattare da faɗa na al'ada na maza masu gasa don mata. A wannan yanayin, mutane biyu masu adawa, suna tsayayya da juna, suna watse suna karo da goshinsu.
Bonesasusuwa na gabansu masu ƙarfi suna da ƙarfi don tsayayya da ƙarfin irin wannan mummunan rauni. Da kuma kulawa da zababbunsu, raguna suna tayar musu da hankali ta hanyar lika harsunansu da yin wasu abubuwa na musamman dasu.
Bayan saduwa, mata suna ɗaukar ɗiyansu, wanda, a ƙa'ida, ɗaya ne ko biyu, aƙalla kimanin kwanaki 160. Raguna galibi ana haihuwarsu a lokacin bazara, kuma a lokacin haihuwa, uwaye sukan bar garkensu, suna dawowa bayan mako guda kawai tare da yaransu.
Bayan ƙarshen lokacin ciyar da madara, zuwa faɗuwar rana, laman raguna tuni sun sami damar biyan buƙatunsu na abinci da ruwa mai tsafta.
Raguna suna aiki da motsi, suna tsalle suna wasa da kyau, amma suna da rauni kuma suna buƙatar kulawa da kariya koyaushe. Tsawon rayuwar tumakin dutsen ya dogara da nau'in dabbobi da kuma yanayin da suke ciki, matsakaita kimanin shekaru 10-12.
