Hippopotamus (ko hippo) babbar dabba ce ta dabba ta artiodactyl. Shin akwai bambanci tsakanin dorina da hippo? Ee, amma kawai a cikin asalin sunan wannan nau'in.
Kalmar "hippopotamus" ta zo mana ne daga yaren Ibrananci, yayin da "hippopotamus" take da asalin Girka, kuma a zahiri ana fassara ta da "dokin kogi". Zai yiwu wannan shine kawai bambanci tsakanin dabo da damina.
Bayani da fasali na dusar
Abu na farko da ya kama maka ido shine girman girman dabbar mai ƙyallen kafa. Hippopotamus ya yi daidai da karkanda daidai layi na biyu na jerin dabbobi mafi girma a duniya bayan giwa.
Nauyin jiki na baligi ya kai tan huɗu. Hippo yana da jiki mai kama da ganga, tsawonsa ya kai daga mita uku zuwa hudu. Yana motsawa a gajeru, kafafu masu kauri, kowane ɗayan yana ƙare da yatsun kafa huɗu masu kama da kofato.
Akwai membranes na fata tsakanin yatsun, wanda ke da ayyuka biyu - suna taimaka wa dabba yin iyo da haɓaka yankin ƙafa, wanda ke ba da damar katuwar dorina kar a fada ta ciki, motsawa cikin laka.
Fata, mai kaurin inci uku zuwa hudu, tana da launin ruwan kasa ko ruwan toka mai launin ja. Lokacin da wata dorinar ruwa ta dade ba ta cikin ruwa, fatarta takan bushe sai ta tsaga rana.
A waɗannan lokutan mutum na iya lura da yadda ake rufe fatar dabbar da "zufa mai jini". Amma hippos, kamar dabbobi masu shayarwa, basu da kwayar halitta da gumi.
Wannan ruwa sirrin sirri ne na musamman wanda fatar wani artiodactyl ya boye. Abun yana da sinadarai masu kashe kwayoyin cuta - yana taimakawa warkar da fasa da kaikayi akan fata, kuma ƙamshin ƙamshin yana tsoratar da kwari masu tsotsan jini.
Babu gashi a jikin doruwa. Baƙƙasasshen gashin bakin yana rufe gaban murfin ne kawai da ƙarshen jelar. Hanyoyin hancin, idanu da kunnuwa na damina suna cikin jirgi ɗaya.
Wannan yana bawa dabbar damar yin numfashi, gani da ji yayin da yake cikin ruwan, yana barin saman babban kan a waje. Sau da yawa akan hoto hippo yana nuna bude baki.
Wannan halitta mai ban mamaki na iya bude muƙamuƙan digiri 150! Hippo yana da hakora 36 baki ɗaya. Kowace muƙamuƙi tana da incis biyu da canines biyu na girman girma.
Amma ba a amfani da su don samun abincin tsire - su ne babban makamin masu son yaki dabba. Hippopotamus a cikin faɗa mai zafi suna kare yankinsu daga wasu mazan. Galibi irin wannan faɗa yana ƙare da mutuwar ɗayan mutane.
Mazaunin Hippo
A farkon karnin da ya gabata, hippos sun bazu ko'ina cikin Afirka, gami da arewacin yankin. Yanzu yawan wannan dabbar yana rayuwa ne kawai a kudancin yankin mai zafi.
Adadin kawunan ya ragu sosai kuma yana ci gaba da raguwa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda bayyanar bindigogi tsakanin 'yan ƙasar, wanda abincin da ya fi so shi ne naman ppoanɗano. Babban mahimmin dalilin kashe dabbobi shine tsadar kumburin fuka-fuka.
An sanya Hippos a matsayin dabbobi masu ƙyalli. Irin waɗannan wakilan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna jin daɗi a ƙasa da ruwa. Haka kuma, ruwan dole ne ya zama sabo.
Hippos sun fi son ciyar da hasken rana a cikin ruwa. Wurin ba lallai bane babba. Tekun laka kuma ya dace, wanda zai iya ɗaukar garken garken duka. Babban abu shine cewa baya bushewa cikin shekara.
Rayuwar Hippo da abinci mai gina jiki
Hippos suna zaune a cikin manyan iyalai, gami da ɗa namiji kuma daga mata goma zuwa ashirin tare da maruƙa. Gidan mazaunin kowane iyali yana da cikakken tsaro ga namiji. Dabbobi suna zubar da juji da fitsari a gefuna da ƙaramar wutsiya mai motsi, ko barin ƙarin "tsarin fasikanci" na duniya har zuwa mita ɗaya.
"Yara" da suka girma sun haɗu a cikin garken garken daban kuma suna zaune a cikin keɓaɓɓen yanki. Lokacin da wuri mai ni'ima ya daina shayar da dabbobi, sai su yi ƙaura, a wasu lokutan suna tsallaka mashigar da tsawon kilomita goma da yawa.
A cikin daji, mazaunin hippos a bayyane yake bayyane. Tsararraki, sun bi hanyoyi zuwa tafki mai zurfin zurfin mita ɗaya da rabi! Idan akwai haɗari, waɗannan ƙattai masu nauyi sun ruga tare da su, kamar jirgin ƙasa mai jigilar kayayyaki, da saurin 40-50 km / h. Ba za ku ji kishin duk wanda ya sami hanyarsa ba.
Hippos ana ɗauka ɗayan dabbobin da ke da saurin fushi. Yawan hare-hare a kan mutane ya wuce har ma da na maharan da ke faruwa da mutane masu cin kansu. Wajan nutsuwa hippos zai ciji duk wanda, a ra'ayinsu, har ma da wata 'yar karamar barazana.
Hippos ciyawar ciyawa ce. Dabba babba tana cin ciyawa har zuwa kilogiram 40 kowace rana. Wannan ya fi kashi 1% na duka girman katon. Da rana suna ɓoyewa daga rana a cikin ruwa. Hippos manyan masu ninkaya ne da masu ruwa da tsaki.
Tafiya tare da kasan tafkin, suna rike numfashinsu na tsawan minti 10! A matsakaita, Hippopotamus yana numfashi sau 4-6 a minti daya. Lokacin da rana ta faɗi, masu son ruwa sukan tashi zuwa ƙasa don jin daɗin ciyawar ciyawar da ke tsiro da karimci kusa da ruwa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na wata kwari
Mata na kai wa ga balagar jima’i tana da shekaru 7-8, maza ba da jimawa ba, a shekaru 9-10. Lokacin saduwa ya yi daidai da canjin yanayi, wanda ke tantance yawan canjin dabbobin. Wannan na faruwa sau biyu a shekara - a ƙarshen lokutan fari. Yawancin lokaci a watan Agusta da Fabrairu.
Mahaifiyar mai ciki tana ɗauke da jariri na tsawon watanni 8. Haihuwar haihuwa a cikin ruwa. Kullum ɗinsa ɗaya ne a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda irin wannan "jaririn" an haife shi yana da nauyin kilo 40 da tsawon jiki 1 m!
Washegari zai iya raka mahaifiyarsa da kansa. A farkon watannin farko, iyaye suna kula da 'ya' yan ta kowace hanya daga masu farauta kuma suna tabbatar da cewa ba ƙarancin wakilan garken sun tattake ta ba. Lokacin ciyarwar yana tsawan shekara daya da rabi. Jaririn yana shan nono a ƙasa har ma da ruwa! A wannan halin, hancin hancin da kunnuwa suna rufe.
A cikin mazauninsu na gargajiya, Hippos suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru 40, a gidan zoo - har zuwa shekaru 50. Bayan an goge molar gaba daya, hippopotamus yana cikin bala'in yunwa.
A dabi'a, waɗannan dabbobin suna da 'yan magabta. Zaki ne kawai da kada mai kogin Nilu ke iya sauko da wannan katafariyar artiodactyl. Cututtuka, kamar su anthrax ko salmonellosis, na iya lalata lambobi. Amma babban makiyin hippos har yanzu mutum ne, wanda ke kisan gilla ga wata katuwar dabba don dalilai na masana'antu.
