Wari suna rayuwa a duniya, wanda yayi kama da tsarin rayuwarsu matakin canjin irinsu. Wadannan kwari sun hada da sawfly irin ƙwaro. Waɗannan kwari sun haɗu a cikin tsari na Hymenoptera, yankin ƙasa mai ciki. Tsuntsaron tsuntsaron kwaro ne na ƙasar daji da kuma amfanin gona. Abokan gaba sun cancanci sani ta gani, don haka bari muyi magana game da wannan ƙwaro sosai.
Bayyanar ƙwaro
Wannan babban dangin beetles ya hada da mutane na jinsi da girma iri-iri. Girman sawetly beetle na iya bambanta daga milimita 2 zuwa 32. Sunan "ciki yana zaune" ya fito ne daga gaskiyar cewa ba a raba kawunan su da siririn kugu "aspen" daga jiki, daga ga alama yana da yawa. Kan yana da girma, yana da motsi, yana da manyan idanu biyu da masu sauƙi uku a gaba. Whiskers filiform ko bristle.
Muƙamuƙan suna da kyau kuma suna da ƙarfi sosai. Nau'i biyu na fika-fikai a bayyane suke, kar a ninka su. A cikin mata, ana ɓoye ovipositor na katako a cikin ciki, wanda suke yin ragi da shi. Maza ba su da ovipositor, a wurin ramin suna da farantin. Duk da yake zaban dabbar dajin yana cikin matakin larva, jikinsa kamar na fatalwar malam buɗe ido ne, ana kiransa haka a wannan matakin ci gaban - kwari ne na ƙarya.
Amma sawun jirgin yana da kafafu guda 6-8, yayin da ainihin kwari yana da 5 ko onlyasa daga cikinsu. Hakanan, tsutsar tsuntsu tana da idanu biyu kawai, yayin da kwari ke da shida. Tsutsa na ƙwayar sawus ɗin mucous duhu ne mai duhu a launi kuma yana da ɗan kaɗan, a cikin ceri sawfly launi na larvae kore ne tare da ratsi a baya.
A cikin hoton, larvae na ceri sawfly
Shin plum sawfly larvae ba su da "siriri", masu launin rawaya-rawaya, tare da bayyana kafafu. Gabaɗaya, a zahiri, nau'ikan zube da yawa suna kama da wasps ko ƙudan zuma, misali Birch sawfly... 'Ya'yan itaciya kuma suna da launi a ratsi mai launin rawaya, kama da kwari mai harbawa.
Gidajen zama
Wakilan dusar ƙanƙara sun zama gama gari a ƙasashe da yawa, kusan a duk faɗin duniya. Sun fi son yankuna masu sanyi da sanyi. Kimanin nau'ikan 850 suna zaune a Gabas da Yammacin Siberia, Turai, Algeria, da Caucasus. Wasu daga cikin zuriya ta zuriya suna rayuwa a cikin arewa mai nisa. Dabbobin ƙasar Finland sun kai kusan nau'ikan 700 na ƙwari, kuma a cikin Rasha waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna wakiltar fiye da nau'ikan 2,000. Iyalai marasa aure suna zaune a Kudancin Amurka da Ostiraliya.
A cikin hoton itace sawfly mai 'ya'yan itace
Gabaɗaya, mazaunin ya dogara da wadatar abincin da ake buƙata. Misali, jan pine sawfly yana rayuwa a duk inda akwai conifers - wannan galibi ɓangaren Turai ne na Rasha, Caucasus, Siberia. Shima yana zaune a Asiya da Japan, kuma shekaru 50 da suka gabata ya bayyana a Arewacin Amurka.
Mafi yawan larvae na kwari masu yawa suna rayuwa ne akan nau'in bishiyun bishiyar. Sabili da haka, gauraye da dazuzzuka sun zama wuraren zama, inda alder, oak, Willow, birch ke girma.
A cikin hoton, namijin sawfly irin ƙwaro
Akwai nau'ikan daban ya tashi sawfly, wanda, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, yana rayuwa daidai a wuraren da wardi da ƙwarjin dutsen suka girma. Da sunan jinsin, zaka iya fahimtar ko wane bishiya ko bishiyoyi wannan kwari yake rayuwa.
Rayuwa
An haifi larvae na sawfly kuma sun fara ci. A tsarin rayuwarsu, suna kamanceceniya da malam buɗe ido, kuma gabaɗaya layin ci gabansu ya yi daidai, yankunan da suke zaune ne kawai suka bambanta - butterflies sun fi thermophilic.
Tsutsa da ke rayuwa a jikin ganyen bishiyoyi suna kawo babbar illa ga shuka. A lokacin yanayi mai kyau, har zuwa ƙarni 4 na sawfly na iya girma, wanda ke cinye ganye daga bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka.
Ana kiyaye larvae na Sawfly daga abokan gaba ta launi da kuma wasu fasahohi. Cikin damuwa game da wani abu, suna daga gaba ko bayan gangar jikin, kuma kowa ya kare kansa ta duk yadda ya iya. Birch sawfly yana da koren launi da ratsi mai duhu a bayansa, ban da haka, lokacin da aka kai masa hari, yana fesa rafuka na jini mai dafi.
A cikin hoton akwai daddawa mai ɗauke da daddawa
Yankin arewa mai sa ido yana tsoratar da abokin gaba ta yadda mutane da yawa a lokaci guda suke lankwasawa da kuma rarraba jikin. Don haka, maharin yana da ra'ayin cewa abincinsa ba ƙarami ba ne kuma a fili ya fi ƙarfinsa. Wasu larvae ana kiyaye su ta wani kakin zuma mai wari ko ƙanshi mara ƙamshi.
Yayin ciyarwa da rayuwa a kan tsire-tsire, larvae na iya yin ramuka a ciki - ma'adinai, kuma su mirgine ganye cikin bututu. Yawanci yakan dauki makonni biyu kafin tsutsar tsuttsauran tsuntsu ta ci abinci ta koshi sannan ta sauka daga itaciyar zuwa kasa, inda za ta gina kwarkwata wanda a ciki za ta yi fuka-fuki ko kuma jira lokacin da ya dace.
Abinci
Dangane da abinci mai gina jiki, duk tsuntsayen kwari suna da abu guda ɗaya - duka suna da shuke-shuke. Jinsi daban-daban suna rayuwa akan shuke-shuke daban daban da na daji kuma suna lalata sassan su. Slimy sawfly yana son ganyen irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itace kamar su pear, ceri, quince, plum, ceri mai zaki da sauransu.
Wani daga cikin 'ya'yan itace sawflies shine saƙar pear, yafi shafar pear, amma kuma yana faruwa akan itacen apple. Hanyoyin sarrafa Sawfly Wannan nau'in yana da matukar rikitarwa - kuna buƙatar tattarawa da ƙone dukkan ganyayen da za'a iya samun gidajen kwari a ciki.
A guzberi sawfly settles yafi a kan daji na wannan suna, ko rinjayar ja currants. Sawflies na iya cinye ganyen shuke-shuke kwata-kwata, suna barin jijiyoyi masu kauri kawai. A sakamakon haka, babu buƙatar jira kowace girbi, kuma raunana shrubs na iya tsira daga hunturu.
A cikin hoton, tsutsa na furen sawfly
Wani jinsin plum sawfly daban yana ciyar da kan kwayayen kwayayen. Qwai da aka sa a cikin furen fure sun zama larvae kuma suna cin 'ya'yan itacen dutse daga ciki. A wannan yanayin, Berry yana cike da ruwa, sakamakon mahimmancin aikin tsutsa.
Daya daga cikin mafiya cutarwa ga harkar noma - burodin sawfly... Wata mace baliga ta harba bawan alkama, sha'ir, hatsi da kwai. Adultaya daga cikin manyan kwari don haka ya lalata kayan kwalliya 30-50. Duk da cewa tsutsar tsuttsauran tsuntsu tana da matukar wahala, kwari babba baya ciyarwa. Sai dai in wani lokacin ya tara tsirrai daga furanni. Ma'anar rayuwarsa shine haifuwa.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
A farkon bazara, zankunan za su yi aboki, kuma mace za ta yi ƙwai, jinsuna daban-daban sun bambanta a yawa. Mace tana yin ƙwai daban, domin kowannensu tana yin rabe-rabensa daban a cikin ganye, toho ko ɓauren shukar.
A cikin hoton, sawfly burodi
Tana rufe aljihu na musamman tare da kwai tare da ɓoyewa wanda ke kare ƙwai da tsire daga lalata. Bayan lokaci, yankewar ya tsananta, kuma kwan ya riga ya haɓaka a cikin tsiren. Wasu nau'ikan kwari na kwari na mata (alal misali, Ostireliya) suna tsare kamarsu a karon farko, suna tsaye akan ta. Yawancin lokaci, kwanaki 9-11 suna wucewa kafin ƙyanƙyashe.
Laryanyunda suka ƙyanƙyashe sun fara cin kyallen takarda na shuke-shuken da ke kusa da su. Idan kwan ya kwanta akan ganye, tsutsar zata fara cin sa. Bayan cin abinci, tsutsayen suna saukowa zuwa ƙasa don pupate, wannan yana faruwa a farkon bazara. Tsutsar tsutsa suna gina koko musamman daga turɓaya, najasar su da kuma yawunsu.
A tsakiyar lokacin rani, ƙarni na biyu na tsutsa za su fito daga waɗannan kwarkwan, waɗanda za su sake kai hari ga shuka. Karkashin yanayin yanayi mai kyau, tsinken bishiyar na iya kyankyasar kwan zuriya ta zamani. Don lokacin hunturu, larvae suna gina raƙuman ruwa mara zurfi a ƙasa, kuma suna jiran sanyi a can. Idan ba a sami yanayi mai kyau ba, waɗannan tsutsa za su iya kasancewa a cikin akwon har zuwa shekara mai zuwa, don haka samar da tanadi ga jinsinsu da kiyaye yawan jama'a. Babban katon katako yana rayuwa ne kawai fewan kwanaki, yayin da tsutsa na iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru 1-2.
