Fasali da mazauninsu
Duniyar kwari tana da bambancin gaske, amma tsakanin wakilanta akwai wasu nau'ikan siffofin da su kansu suke da nau'ikan iri-iri, sun bambanta a kamanni da kuma tsarin rayuwa, cewa kowane ɗayansu yana da irinta ta musamman.
Daga cikin wadanda berayen ƙwaro daga dangin coleoptera, wanda shine ɗayan mafi girma tsakanin kwari kuma ya haɗa da nau'ikan daban-daban. Yawancin gogaggun ƙananan ƙwaro ne waɗanda ba su wuce 'yan milimita kaɗan a tsayi.
Amma akwai kuma manyan mutane, waɗanda suka shahara a cikinsu sune wakilai masu zafi na wannan dangi - ƙattai, masu girman 5-6 cm da ƙari. Siffar ɓauren ya bambanta. Wani fasali na jinsunan wadannan kwari wani abu ne mai tsayi, mai tsayi, wanda yake da sifar bututu, ana iya ganin wannan a weevil hoto, daga abin da kwari suka sami suna.
A cikin hoton, ƙwaro mai ƙuƙumi
Dogaro da nau'ikan, rostrum na iya zama a cikin rabbai daban-daban tare da jiki: zama ya fi shi gajarta, amma fiye da sau uku. Yawancin kwaroro suna da kamannin pear ko kuma mai kamannin zobe, da kuma jiki, wanda, duk da haka, ana iya yin tsawa fiye da kima, sauƙaƙa, silinda, da kuma fasalin sandar.
A kan kai akwai fil tare da eriya. Akwai nau'ikan fuka-fukai na wiwi da ke iya tashi da kyau, da kuma waɗanda ba sa iya tashiwa. Idanun yawanci kanana ne a girma, amma kuma akwai kwaroro marasa idanu wadanda suke rayuwa a karkashin kasa da kuma cikin kogo. Launin beetles kuma ya banbanta, kuma jiki, wanda aka rufe shi da sikeli da chitin, yana ƙyamar haske don murfin halittun ya zama mai launi da kyau.
Gabaɗaya, akwai ire-iren waɗannan kwari fiye da dubu ɗari a duniya. Kusan nau'ikan dubu 70 na waɗannan ƙwarraren suna rayuwa ne a cikin wurare masu zafi shi kaɗai, kuma nau'ikan ɓarna 5000 sun wanzu a Rasha. Ari da, ana gano sabbin iri iri.
An raba jinsunan ƙwaro Kungiyoyi 2: gajerun gwajin da kuma dogon bincike, wadanda suka banbanta da juna a cikin kawunansu mai tsayi, wanda ake kira rostrum, kuma a tsarin gabobin baka.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Mafi yawancin lokuta, lokacin hunturu a ƙasa da kuma cikin ganyaye, amma da zaran bazara, ƙwaro yakan farka ya fara rayuwa mai ƙarfi a zafin jiki na digiri + 10. Yawancin nau'ikan berayen ƙwaro – karin kwarihaifar da babbar illa ga gonaki, dazuzzuka da lalata nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu yawa.
Wadannan sun hada da hatsi na hatsi, wanda ke zama a cikin ajiyar hatsi: masara, buckwheat, hatsin rai da sha'ir, yana shafar shi, yana cizon cibiya, bayan haka ya zama bai dace da shuka da ci ba. Waɗannan suna ƙyalƙyali launin ruwan kasa-baƙar fata waɗanda ba su fi 4 mm girma ba, sun bazu ko'ina cikin duniya, a wuraren da hatsi kawai yake.
Gwargwadon gwoza ya fi girma, idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsa, kimanin santimita daya da rabi a girma, yana da launin toka-toka mai toka kuma an rufe shi da sikeli. Ya kware a kan lalata kananan bishiyoyi na sukari, yana sa jijiya zuwa tushe tare da dagula tsarinta, daga inda amfanin gona ya yi karanci, kuma amfanin gona ya rasa kayan amfaninsa da dandano.
A cikin hoton akwai ɓarnar katako
Cutar da ƙwaro ya haifar ya fi haɗari a cikin cewa yana da matuƙar wahala a yaƙi su. Yadda za a rabu da jijiyoyin? Wasu nau'ikan kwari suna sa larvae a cikin buds na shuke-shuke matasa, bayan haka ana iya ɗaukar girbi a ɓace, kuma matakan da ke gaba ba su da tasiri.
Don yaƙi da ƙwarjin ƙwaryar, ya zama dole a lalata ƙwayoyin da abin ya shafa a gaba, kuma a ƙone ragowar su a lokacin bazara, don haka tsutsar ba ta iya hayayyafa a cikin su a bazara. Ana iya fesa shuke-shuke da maganin kapsicum, potassium permanganate ko mustard, da karbofos.
Tsire-tsire suna da amfani don aiwatar da kwanaki 4-5 kafin fure, don kada sabbin ƙwayoyi su lalace da kwaro. Rasberi weevils bred a cikin strawberries ko raspberries. Kuma a wannan yanayin, yanada matukar fa'ida dasa shuke-shuke kusa dasu kamar tafarnuwa ko albasa, saboda ƙamshin da suke ji yana iya tsoratar da ƙwaro.
A cikin hoton akwai ɗan ƙaramar rasberi
Abinci
Har ila yau, ire-iren beetles din ya fadada zuwa tsarin ciyarwar wannan nau'in kwari. Akwai ciyawar bishiyar clover, bishiyar fure, goro da sauransu. Amma duk nau'in kwaroro sun hadu a kan gaskiyar cewa suna ciye tsire-tsire. Kuma har ma da cigaban kwari kwalliya na faruwa ne a cikin furanni da fruitsa fruitsan itace, sabbin shoa ofan bishiyoyi da shrubs, rassan su da bazu, petioles da buds, haka kuma a cikin rubabben kututture.
Wasu nau'in beetles suna da zabi sosai a cikin abinci, saboda haka suna cin daya daga cikin nau'ikan wakilan fauna, wasu kuma suna kara yawan abincin su. Tsutsayen wadancan ciyawar wadanda aka ajiye su kuma suka bayyana a cikin kasar suna cin tushen bishiyoyi, shrubs da shukokin su.
Manyan beraye sukan fi son shuke-shuken fure, sassan korensu: 'ya'yan itatuwa, furanni da kyallen takarda. Wasu daga cikin nau'ikan kwari sun zabi irin wannan ni'imar azaman fungi na parasitic don jin dadin su. Wasu galibi suna girma cikin itace, yayin da wasu ke cin shuke-shuke a ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Tudun ƙwaro yana haifar da babbar lalacewa, yana lalata tsire-tsire na bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi, musamman cin shuke-shukensu, wanda, bayan hari daga kwari, ba zai iya murmurewa kuma ya mutu ba.
Irin ƙwaro na iya yin lahani ga lambuna da lambunan kayan lambu. Kwari kwari sukan lalata wurin girma a cikin shuke-shuke baligi, wanda yakan haifar dasu gaba daya. A cikin yanayi mai danshi, beetet na iya yin kiwo koda a plywood, suna haifar da lalata kayan ɗaki, kayan gida da gine-ginen mutane.
Lalacewar tsutsayen kwari, wanda suke haifar wa shuke-shuke na lambu da lambunan kayan lambu, bishiyoyi a cikin dazuzzuka, masana'antu da kayan gona na musamman, yawan kwaya da 'ya'yan itatuwa suma suna da yawa. Wasu daga cikin bishiyoyin sun kware a cin ciyawa don haka suna da amfani.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Wata shukar macen da take iya yin kwai har 300 a cikin hatsi, ta cizon kogwanni a ciki, sannan ta rufe ƙofar zuwa gare ta da sirrinta. 'Ya'yan beet weevil suna tasowa daga asalin gwoza.
A cikin hoto gwoza weevil
Kwaro irin na mata na lambun suna gnaw ta cikin toho, inda suke kwan kwayayensu, ana iya kiyasta yawansu da dozin da yawa. Kuma larvae, ƙyanƙyashewa ba da daɗewa ba, fara ci rayayyun ƙwayoyin ƙwaya, ci gaba cikin sauri da ɗan ɗabi'a.
Jiki tsutsa mai tsutsa yana da jinjirin wata kuma galibi fari ne ko launin rawaya. Kuma lokacin da thea fruitsan itace da berriesa berriesan itace ke girma, tuni ƙwaro ya bayyana daga gare su, wanda ke zuwa hunturu kafin farkon lokacin sanyi don sake farkawa a cikin bazara.
Dabbobi daban-daban suna da nasu tsarin kwanciya. Misali, giwar icen ta ƙware a cikin itacen oak kuma tana fara yin kiwo a lokacin bazara, lokacin da ɓauren bishiyoyi ke yin bishiyoyi. Tare da proboscis, kamar sitarin ƙwaro a cikin hatsi, yana yin rami don sanya zuriyar sa ta gaba.
A cikin hoton, tsutsa masu tsutsa
Tsawon rayuwar giwayen mata na doguwa. Haihuwar su a lokacin bazara, suna rayuwa a lokacin hunturu, da bazara mai zuwa, bayan sun koshi sosai bayan wani yanayi mara dadi, sun sake iya haifuwa. Yankuna sun banbanta a tsawon rayuwa.
Tsawanta ya dogara da nau'in kwari, da kuma jinsi. Misali, diyar mace tana da ajiyar watanni 3-4, yayin da a maza kusan biyar ne. Wasu ƙwaro gabaɗaya tsawon rai ne dangane da ƙwari, kuma an kiyasta tsawon rayuwarsu zuwa shekaru biyu.
