Miski sa - dabbar da ke da halaye na musamman, masana sun danganta ta da tsari daban. A bayyane, wannan dabba tana kama da bijimai (ƙaho) da tumaki (dogon gashi da gajere wutsiya).
Fasali da mazaunin musk ox
Har wa yau, shanu na musk ne kawai mambobi na musk a matsayin jinsi. Suna daga cikin dangin bovids. An yi imanin cewa dangin dangin wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa sun zauna a Asiya ta Tsakiya yayin zamanin Miocene. Yankin ya mamaye yankunan tsaunuka.
A lokacin sanyin sanyi shekaru miliyan 3.5 da suka gabata, suka bar Himalayas suka zauna a arewacin yankin na Asiya. Yin annashuwa a lokacin Illinois ya haifar da motsi na shanu musk zuwa abin da ke yanzu Greenland da Arewacin Amurka. Shanu na musk sun ƙi sosai a ƙarshen Late Pleistocene saboda tsananin ɗumi.
Theande-deer ne kawai da miski, a matsayin wakilan ungulat, suka sami damar tsira da ƙarni masu wahala. Shanun shanu, waɗanda har zuwa yanzun nan suka bazu a cikin Arctic, kusan sun ɓace a Eurasia.
A Alaska, dabbobin sun bace a cikin karni na 19, amma a cikin shekaru 30 na karnin da ya gabata an sake kawo su can. A yau, a Alaska, akwai kusan mutane 800 daga waɗannan dabbobin. Shanu miski zuwa Rasha ya ƙare a Taimyr da tsibirin Wrangel.
A cikin wadannan yankuna musk sa zama a cikin yankuna tanadi kuma suna karkashin kariyar jihar. Mafi karancin adadin wadannan dabbobin sun kasance a doron kasa - kusan mutane 25,000. Bayyanar dabba ta yi daidai da mawuyacin yanayin Arctic. Partsananan sassan da ke jikin bijimin kusan basa nan.
Wannan yana rage raunin zafi sosai kuma yana rage yuwuwar sanyi. Ulu ulu ya bambanta da tsayi da yawa. Godiya gareshi, ƙaramar dabba da alama tana da girman gaske. Gashi ya faɗi kusan ƙasa kuma launin ruwan kasa ne ko baƙi. Kaho, hooves, lebe da hanci ne kawai tsirara. A lokacin rani, rigar dabba ta fi ta hunturu.
Gano farin musk sa kusan ba zai yiwu ba. A arewacin Kanada kawai, kusa da Sarauniya Maud Bay, ake samun daidaitattun mutanen wannan nau'in. Audugar tasu tana da tsada sosai. Humunƙwasa a cikin siffar nape a cikin musk ox yana cikin yankin kafada. Theasussan hannu ƙanana ne kuma masu kayatarwa, waɗanda ke gaban ƙafafu sun fi na baya baya.
Kofato-kofina manya-manya kuma zagaye-fasali, sun dace da tafiya a saman dusar ƙanƙara da kuma ƙasa mai duwatsu. Faɗin kofato na gaba ya fi faɗin kofato na baya da baya kuma yana sauƙaƙa saurin tono abinci daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. A kan babba da elongated head of musk ox, akwai manyan ƙahoni, waɗanda dabbar ke zubar da su kowace shekara shida kuma tana amfani da su don kare abokan gaba.
Maza suna da ƙaho fiye da na mata, waɗanda kuma aka tsara su a matsayin makamai yayin yaƙi da juna. Idanun shanu miski launin ruwan kasa ne masu duhu, kunnuwa kanana ne (kimanin 6 cm), wutsiya gajere ce (har zuwa 15 cm). Gani da jin ƙamshi cikin dabbobi yanada kyau.
Suna iya gani sarai koda da daddare, suna jin maƙiyan da ke gabatowa kuma suna iya samun abincin da ke cikin zurfin ƙanƙarar. Mata da maza, da dabbobi daga yankuna daban-daban, sun bambanta da nauyi da tsawo daga juna. Nauyin maza na iya kaiwa daga 250 zuwa 670 kilogiram, tsayin da ya bushe ya kai kimanin mita ɗaya da rabi.
Mata suna da nauyin ƙasa da 40%, tsayinsu ya kai cm 120-130. Mafi yawan mutane suna zaune a yammacin Greenland, ƙarami - arewa.Miski sa daban da dabbobi kamarsu yak, bison, hakori ba wai kawai ga bayyanarta ba, har ma ta hanyar difloma na chromosomes. Dabbar ta samu sunan "musk ox" saboda takamammen kamshin da glandon dabbar suka yi.
Yanayi da salon bijimin musk
Musk ox ne mai shayarwa. A lokacin rani, garken garken na iya kaiwa zuwa dabbobi 20. A lokacin hunturu - fiye da 25. sungiyoyi ba su da yankuna daban, amma suna motsawa ta hanyoyin su, waɗanda aka yiwa alama da gland na musamman.
Tsoffin dabbobi sun mamaye dabbobi dabbobi kuma a cikin hunturu suna kaurarsu daga wuraren da akwai abinci mai yawa.Shanu miski yana zaune a wani yanki kuma ya fi son kada ya matsa nesa da shi. Don neman abinci a lokacin bazara, dabbobi suna tafiya tare da rafuka, kuma a lokacin hunturu zuwa kudu.Musk sa - dabba mai tsananin tauri. Amma yana da halaye kamar jinkiri da jinkiri.
Idan yana cikin haɗari, yakan yi gudun 40 km / h na dogon lokaci. Kitsen mai subcutaneous da doguwa shida suna bawa dabbar damar tsira daga sanyi na -60 digiri. Kerkeci da dabbar bera abokan gaba ne na dabbobin musk. Koyaya, waɗannan kayan aikin ba sa cikin dabbobi masu rauni ko matsorata.
A yayin harin abokan gaba, dabbobi suna ɗaukar kariya ta kewaye. Akwai 'yan maruƙa a cikin da'irar. A yayin kai hari, bijimin da ke kusa da maharin ya jefa shi da ƙahoninsa, waɗanda suke tsaye kusa da shi suka tattake shi. Wannan dabarar ba ta aiki sai lokacin ganawa da wani mai dauke da makami wanda zai iya kashe garken duka a cikin kankanin lokaci. Jin haɗari, dabbobi sun fara huɗu da nishaɗi, 'yan maruƙa suna ta busa, maza suna ruri.
Abincin naman alade na musk
Makiyayar tana neman babban bijimin a cikin garken. A lokacin hunturu, shanu na musk suna bacci kuma suna hutawa sosai, wanda ke taimakawa ingantaccen narkewar abinci.Musk shanu suna rayuwa yawancin rayuwarsu a cikin yanayi mai tsananin sanyi, don haka abincin su ba shi da bambanci sosai. Tsawon lokacin bazara Arctic gajere ne, don haka shanun musk suna ciyar da busassun shuke-shuke waɗanda aka tono daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Dabbobi na iya samun su daga zurfin zuwa rabin mita.
A lokacin hunturu, shanu na musk sun fi son zama a wuraren da babu ƙanƙarar dusar ƙanƙara kuma ana ciyar da su akan lekenan, gansakuka, bishiyar reindeer da sauran shuke-shuke na dwarf. A lokacin rani, dabbobi suna cin abinci a kan dusar kankara, rassan shrub da ganyen itace. A wannan lokacin, dabbobi suna neman lakar gishirin ma'adinai don samun isasshen kayan masro da microelements.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai na miski
A ƙarshen bazara, farkon kaka, lokacin saduwa yana farawa don shanu musk. A wannan lokacin, mazan da ke shirye don saduwa da gaggawa zuwa rukuni na mata. Sakamakon fada tsakanin maza, an tabbatar da wanda ya yi nasara, wanda ya kirkiro harem. Mafi yawan lokuta, fada mai karfi ba ya faruwa, suna gurnani, butt, ko kuma buge kofato.
Rashin mutuwa ba safai ba. Mai harama yana nuna fitina kuma baya barin kowa kusa da matan. Tsawon lokacin daukar ciki a musk shanu kusan watanni 9 ne. A ƙarshen bazara, farkon lokacin bazara, an haifi maraƙi mai nauyin kilogram 10. An haifi ɗa ɗaya, da ƙyar sau biyu.
Rabin sa'a bayan haihuwa, jaririn tuni yana kan ƙafafunsa. Bayan 'yan kwanaki,' yan maruƙan sun fara kafa ƙungiyoyi kuma suna wasa tare. Tana ciyar da madarar uwa tsawon wata shida, wanda a lokacin nauyinta kusan kilo 100 ne. Shekaru biyu, uwa da jariri suna da alaƙa da juna. Dabbar tana balaga da shekara hudu. Rayuwar shanu na musk na iya yin shekaru 15.
